Final Exam Practice 2017- Written responses (FRQ)
... the movement of chloride ions in and out of cells, which is important for the salt and water balance on epithelial surfaces, such as in the lungs or pancreas. Changes in the CFTR gene can affect the structure of the CFTR protein. Andrew and Allison each have the CFTR genes sequenced. Allison has the ...
... the movement of chloride ions in and out of cells, which is important for the salt and water balance on epithelial surfaces, such as in the lungs or pancreas. Changes in the CFTR gene can affect the structure of the CFTR protein. Andrew and Allison each have the CFTR genes sequenced. Allison has the ...
No Slide Title
... molecules into suitable host 3) identify hosts which have taken up your recombinant molecules 4) Extract DNA ...
... molecules into suitable host 3) identify hosts which have taken up your recombinant molecules 4) Extract DNA ...
Molecule of the Month: AgrA DNA Binding Domain AgrA is the
... Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), as certain strains worldwide have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. While serious MRSA infections were mostly seen in hospitals (where they often infected wounds and sites of surgical repair), it has recently become a growing (and conce ...
... Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), as certain strains worldwide have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. While serious MRSA infections were mostly seen in hospitals (where they often infected wounds and sites of surgical repair), it has recently become a growing (and conce ...
File
... Chapter 10: Gene Mutation: Origins and Repair Processes Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Newcombe spread E. coli cells on an agar base. After several generations of growth, he respread the cells and sprayed them with streptomycin, thus killing all cells except those that were resistant mutants. More mut ...
... Chapter 10: Gene Mutation: Origins and Repair Processes Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Newcombe spread E. coli cells on an agar base. After several generations of growth, he respread the cells and sprayed them with streptomycin, thus killing all cells except those that were resistant mutants. More mut ...
Database Searching and Pairwise Alignment
... is derived from the observed score (S) to the expected distribution of scores – larger databases - larger probability of a sequence match by chance – the closer the p-value to zero the more confidence can be given to the alignment ...
... is derived from the observed score (S) to the expected distribution of scores – larger databases - larger probability of a sequence match by chance – the closer the p-value to zero the more confidence can be given to the alignment ...
Pattern Recognition in Biological Sequences
... When no sequence similarity is found, an ORF can still be considered gene-like according to some statistical features: v the three-base periodicity v higher G+C content v signal sequence patterns ...
... When no sequence similarity is found, an ORF can still be considered gene-like according to some statistical features: v the three-base periodicity v higher G+C content v signal sequence patterns ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 15 Notes
... **Loss of heterochromatin affects longevity (shortens life span) **Loss of heterochromatin increases non-dysjunction ...
... **Loss of heterochromatin affects longevity (shortens life span) **Loss of heterochromatin increases non-dysjunction ...
Accounting for all the factors
... and treated with endonuclease. This yields a spectrum of DNA fragments of different lengths that each correspond to a different RTU and can thus be used to determine the activity of each TF. In several experiments using HepG2 liver cancer cells, activity levels reported by a 43-member multiple RTU ( ...
... and treated with endonuclease. This yields a spectrum of DNA fragments of different lengths that each correspond to a different RTU and can thus be used to determine the activity of each TF. In several experiments using HepG2 liver cancer cells, activity levels reported by a 43-member multiple RTU ( ...
NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
... completely ionized and negatively charged at pH 7, and the negative charges are generally neutralized by ionic interactions with positive charges on proteins, metal ions, and polyamines. All the phosphodiester linkages have the same orientation along the chain (Fig. 8–7), giving each linear nucleic ...
... completely ionized and negatively charged at pH 7, and the negative charges are generally neutralized by ionic interactions with positive charges on proteins, metal ions, and polyamines. All the phosphodiester linkages have the same orientation along the chain (Fig. 8–7), giving each linear nucleic ...
Alteration by site-directed mutagenesis of the
... endonuclease HaeUI. The desired mutation introduces a new HaeSS. recognition site (GGCC) into pBEM182. There are 26 HaeUl sites in pBEM182 and the largest fragment is 685 bp. The new site is found within this largest fragment, and results in its being cleaved to 404 and 281 bp fragments. HaeYR diges ...
... endonuclease HaeUI. The desired mutation introduces a new HaeSS. recognition site (GGCC) into pBEM182. There are 26 HaeUl sites in pBEM182 and the largest fragment is 685 bp. The new site is found within this largest fragment, and results in its being cleaved to 404 and 281 bp fragments. HaeYR diges ...
Horizontal Gene Transfer among Bacteria and its Role in
... virulent, and rough (R) cells which are not virulent as seen upon infection of mice in laboratory tests. Using this experimental system, Griffith [1] infected mice both with living R variants and with heat-killed S bacteria. After some time, many of the doubly infected mice developed pneumonia and i ...
... virulent, and rough (R) cells which are not virulent as seen upon infection of mice in laboratory tests. Using this experimental system, Griffith [1] infected mice both with living R variants and with heat-killed S bacteria. After some time, many of the doubly infected mice developed pneumonia and i ...
... Table I is the classification of rickettsia. Among some evidences of endosymbiotic theory, we’ve focused on genome resemblance which suggests mitochondria and bacteria have similar genomes. According to erstwhile studies of comparing of DNA between mitochondria and rickettsia showed that they have s ...
Horizontal Gene Transfer among Bacteria and Its Role in Biological
... virulent, and rough (R) cells which are not virulent as seen upon infection of mice in laboratory tests. Using this experimental system, Griffith [1] infected mice both with living R variants and with heat-killed S bacteria. After some time, many of the doubly infected mice developed pneumonia and i ...
... virulent, and rough (R) cells which are not virulent as seen upon infection of mice in laboratory tests. Using this experimental system, Griffith [1] infected mice both with living R variants and with heat-killed S bacteria. After some time, many of the doubly infected mice developed pneumonia and i ...
Population Evolution - Marblehead High School
... D. Fixed allele: all members of a population only have 1 allele for a particular trait The more fixed alleles a population has, the LOWER the species’ diversity IV. Hardy-Weinberg Theorem The allele and genotype frequencies of a population will remain constant from generation to generation…UNLESS th ...
... D. Fixed allele: all members of a population only have 1 allele for a particular trait The more fixed alleles a population has, the LOWER the species’ diversity IV. Hardy-Weinberg Theorem The allele and genotype frequencies of a population will remain constant from generation to generation…UNLESS th ...
Biology 40S Unit 1
... acid lakes, salt evaporation ponds - environments that scientists had never suspected would contain much life (It was there all along, we had just never thought to look for it!). These unusual organisms were considered to be bacteria and named archaebacteria ('ancient' bacteria). They did not need s ...
... acid lakes, salt evaporation ponds - environments that scientists had never suspected would contain much life (It was there all along, we had just never thought to look for it!). These unusual organisms were considered to be bacteria and named archaebacteria ('ancient' bacteria). They did not need s ...
Chapter 3: Molecular Biology Problems
... back and forth between the two views. Note that you may sometimes need to click this button three times to get the view to change. • The ball and stick view shows covalent bonds as rods and is most useful for determining which atoms are covalently bonded to each other. • The spacefill view shows ato ...
... back and forth between the two views. Note that you may sometimes need to click this button three times to get the view to change. • The ball and stick view shows covalent bonds as rods and is most useful for determining which atoms are covalently bonded to each other. • The spacefill view shows ato ...
Bacterial Screening PCR Kit
... In order to maintain consumer trust in the safety of food products, a high priority has been placed on assuring product quality at each step of the food supply process. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) process is recognized as one of the more useful methods for such food-related quality control appli ...
... In order to maintain consumer trust in the safety of food products, a high priority has been placed on assuring product quality at each step of the food supply process. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) process is recognized as one of the more useful methods for such food-related quality control appli ...
NABP1, a novel RORγ-regulated gene encoding a single
... amino acid sequence with sequences in GenBank® identified an additional novel protein closely-related to NABP1, referred to as NABP2. Both proteins are 22 kDa in size and contain one OB (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding)-fold at their N-terminus. OB-folds consist of a compact structural domai ...
... amino acid sequence with sequences in GenBank® identified an additional novel protein closely-related to NABP1, referred to as NABP2. Both proteins are 22 kDa in size and contain one OB (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding)-fold at their N-terminus. OB-folds consist of a compact structural domai ...
Lisa Byers UNIT 6: Genetic Transformations Unit Plan
... Unifying concepts: Make biotechnology relevant to the students and tie in how it relates to the science they have already learned. Discover how scientific processes can be used for many different purposes. Visually seeing how DNA goes to RNA, which then is turned into a protein that is expressed a t ...
... Unifying concepts: Make biotechnology relevant to the students and tie in how it relates to the science they have already learned. Discover how scientific processes can be used for many different purposes. Visually seeing how DNA goes to RNA, which then is turned into a protein that is expressed a t ...
Biological Molecules: Water and Carbohydrates
... Given that there are four bases in DNA, and these code for 20 amino acids, what is the basis for the genetic code? ...
... Given that there are four bases in DNA, and these code for 20 amino acids, what is the basis for the genetic code? ...
The Genetic Engine
... • Natural selection can “happen” if the trait undergoing selective pressure is genetically determined • Natural selection can only work toward traits' that increase fitness for survival and reproduction • Natural selection acts by changing the frequency of alleles in the gene pool over time – thus p ...
... • Natural selection can “happen” if the trait undergoing selective pressure is genetically determined • Natural selection can only work toward traits' that increase fitness for survival and reproduction • Natural selection acts by changing the frequency of alleles in the gene pool over time – thus p ...
Unsuitability of Using Ribosomal RNA as Loading Control for
... a differential degradation of the two RNA populations that could affect some samples more than others. This could be related to the high nuclease activity described in the DMBA-induced mammary tumors (6). Whatever it is the cause, the analysis of gene expression in the unbalanced tumor samples could ...
... a differential degradation of the two RNA populations that could affect some samples more than others. This could be related to the high nuclease activity described in the DMBA-induced mammary tumors (6). Whatever it is the cause, the analysis of gene expression in the unbalanced tumor samples could ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.