FoldSynth: Interactive 2D/3D Visualisation Platform for Molecular
... backbone. Balls can be deformed into ellipsoids that show the current velocity of each particle. Isosurface view: Shows each particle as a metaball [Bli82], with fast CPU and GPU implementations that allow realtime interactive use and blending into dynamic isosurfaces [LB06]. We use the following fa ...
... backbone. Balls can be deformed into ellipsoids that show the current velocity of each particle. Isosurface view: Shows each particle as a metaball [Bli82], with fast CPU and GPU implementations that allow realtime interactive use and blending into dynamic isosurfaces [LB06]. We use the following fa ...
Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus Nucleotide Sequence
... features of the genome were most closely related to PCV. Like PCV (Meehan et al., 1997), BFDV contained seven major ORFs and lacked a distinctive noncoding region, thus affording highly efficient use of genetic material in both of these viruses. Both viruses have three ORFs in the encapsidated stran ...
... features of the genome were most closely related to PCV. Like PCV (Meehan et al., 1997), BFDV contained seven major ORFs and lacked a distinctive noncoding region, thus affording highly efficient use of genetic material in both of these viruses. Both viruses have three ORFs in the encapsidated stran ...
Chapter 1
... degenerate coding is that it helps tolerate errors. The reading is indeed less sensitive to the substitution/mutations of basepairs. Nevertheless, the reading after deletions and insertions of basepairs may yield very different products. Our focus here is on the proteins. Throughout this text a sequ ...
... degenerate coding is that it helps tolerate errors. The reading is indeed less sensitive to the substitution/mutations of basepairs. Nevertheless, the reading after deletions and insertions of basepairs may yield very different products. Our focus here is on the proteins. Throughout this text a sequ ...
Identification of DNA polymorphism in cultivars using RAPD and AFLP
... The enormous ateaction of RAPD's is that there is no requirement for DNA probes, nor for any sequence information for the design of specitic primers. The procedure involves no blotting or hybridisation steps. The technoque is therefore, quick, simple and efficient and only requires the purchase of a ...
... The enormous ateaction of RAPD's is that there is no requirement for DNA probes, nor for any sequence information for the design of specitic primers. The procedure involves no blotting or hybridisation steps. The technoque is therefore, quick, simple and efficient and only requires the purchase of a ...
Lecture 21: Structure of Prokaryotic Cells
... Introduction- Higher eukaryote has multiple organs to perform specific functions such as liver, kidney and heart. Organs have specific tissues and each tissue is composed of cells. “Cell is the structural and functional unit of life” and it contains all necessary infrastructures to perform all funct ...
... Introduction- Higher eukaryote has multiple organs to perform specific functions such as liver, kidney and heart. Organs have specific tissues and each tissue is composed of cells. “Cell is the structural and functional unit of life” and it contains all necessary infrastructures to perform all funct ...
1989 Allen Award Address: The American Society of Human Genetics Annual Meeting, Baltimore.
... probe and found many obviously single-copy integrants. Their paper made clear the possibility of following single genes by gel transfer and was the basis for our expectation that polymorphism in restriction-fragment length would be routinely detectable, since the different integration sites of SV40 ...
... probe and found many obviously single-copy integrants. Their paper made clear the possibility of following single genes by gel transfer and was the basis for our expectation that polymorphism in restriction-fragment length would be routinely detectable, since the different integration sites of SV40 ...
Chromothripsis: how does such a catastrophic event impact human
... DSB repair systems, chromothripsis initiation can occur either during the pre-meiotic division of diploid spermatogonia through the first meiotic division involving recombination events, or during the differentiation of round spermatids into spermatozoa (i.e. spermiogenesis). During each of the three ...
... DSB repair systems, chromothripsis initiation can occur either during the pre-meiotic division of diploid spermatogonia through the first meiotic division involving recombination events, or during the differentiation of round spermatids into spermatozoa (i.e. spermiogenesis). During each of the three ...
neutral theory, inbreeding - Cal State LA
... zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae ...
... zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae zuleicae ...
High Frequency of Recombination (Hfr)
... Hfr DNA that is not incorporated in the F- strand, and DNA that has crossed out of the F- strand is ...
... Hfr DNA that is not incorporated in the F- strand, and DNA that has crossed out of the F- strand is ...
chapter 18 microbial models: the genetics of viruses and bacteria
... Chemical modifications to the bacteria’s own DNA prevent its destruction by restriction nucleases. Natural selection also favors phage mutants that are resistant to restriction enzymes. In the lysogenic cycle, the phage genome replicates without destroying the host cell. Temperate phages, li ...
... Chemical modifications to the bacteria’s own DNA prevent its destruction by restriction nucleases. Natural selection also favors phage mutants that are resistant to restriction enzymes. In the lysogenic cycle, the phage genome replicates without destroying the host cell. Temperate phages, li ...
Directed enzyme evolution: climbing fitness peaks one amino acid
... amino acid mutations. Whereas negative epistatic effects (in which a combination of mutations is beneficial although at least one individual mutation is not) are pervasive in natural evolution [5,6], there is little evidence that such effects have played a major role in facilitating directed evoluti ...
... amino acid mutations. Whereas negative epistatic effects (in which a combination of mutations is beneficial although at least one individual mutation is not) are pervasive in natural evolution [5,6], there is little evidence that such effects have played a major role in facilitating directed evoluti ...
High Frequency of Recombination (Hfr)
... Hfr DNA that is not incorporated in the F- strand, and DNA that has crossed out of the F- strand is ...
... Hfr DNA that is not incorporated in the F- strand, and DNA that has crossed out of the F- strand is ...
DNA Mutation and Repair
... DNA repair systems exist in most organisms to repair the problem • If not repaired dimers stall DNA and RNA polymerases, producing replication gaps • Gaps are eventually filled by an error prone process known as translesion synthesis • The polymerases involved in translesion synthesis lack proofread ...
... DNA repair systems exist in most organisms to repair the problem • If not repaired dimers stall DNA and RNA polymerases, producing replication gaps • Gaps are eventually filled by an error prone process known as translesion synthesis • The polymerases involved in translesion synthesis lack proofread ...
Comparative Genomic Study of upstream Open Reading Frames
... organized into structures called chromosomes. For each organism, the components of these threads encode all the information necessary for building and maintaining life, from simple bacteria to remarkably complex human beings. A DNA molecule consists of two strands that wrap around each other to rese ...
... organized into structures called chromosomes. For each organism, the components of these threads encode all the information necessary for building and maintaining life, from simple bacteria to remarkably complex human beings. A DNA molecule consists of two strands that wrap around each other to rese ...
Biology and computers
... Clone into vectors that can accept large fragments: yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC Library) Landmarks within the genome can be obtained using Sequence Tagged Sites (STS) Sequences of YAC clones are matched with each other. Sequences that overlap form contigs. ...
... Clone into vectors that can accept large fragments: yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC Library) Landmarks within the genome can be obtained using Sequence Tagged Sites (STS) Sequences of YAC clones are matched with each other. Sequences that overlap form contigs. ...
Chapter 20
... • An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst. • Enzymes are incredibly selective for specific molecules. • An enzyme can speed up a biochemical reaction so that the rate is a million times faster than it would be in the absence of the enzyme. • Many reactions catalyzed by enzymes woul ...
... • An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst. • Enzymes are incredibly selective for specific molecules. • An enzyme can speed up a biochemical reaction so that the rate is a million times faster than it would be in the absence of the enzyme. • Many reactions catalyzed by enzymes woul ...
Transcribed Ultra Conserved Regions real-time
... Transcribed Ultra Conserved Regions (T-UCRs) represent a group 481 highly conserved sequences in vertebrates that are transcribed into RNA. Very little is known about their mechanism of action, but their exact conservation over millions of years of evolutionary time suggests an important regulatory ...
... Transcribed Ultra Conserved Regions (T-UCRs) represent a group 481 highly conserved sequences in vertebrates that are transcribed into RNA. Very little is known about their mechanism of action, but their exact conservation over millions of years of evolutionary time suggests an important regulatory ...
simultaneous detection of four food borne bacterial pathogens by
... Conventional methods of the detection of bacterial pathogens in foods generally based on the identification of bacteria using selective culture media by their morphological, biochemical and immunological characteristics (Wang et al. 2007). These methods are tedious, time consuming, and possible to h ...
... Conventional methods of the detection of bacterial pathogens in foods generally based on the identification of bacteria using selective culture media by their morphological, biochemical and immunological characteristics (Wang et al. 2007). These methods are tedious, time consuming, and possible to h ...
CHaPter 2 Nucleic acids and proteins: a review
... the sugar ribose. RNA nucleotides include four different bases, three of which — adenine, guanine and cytosine — are identical to those in DNA. The fourth nucleotide is uracil, which is capable of pairing with A. The three different forms of RNA are all produced in the nucleus alongside DNA as a tem ...
... the sugar ribose. RNA nucleotides include four different bases, three of which — adenine, guanine and cytosine — are identical to those in DNA. The fourth nucleotide is uracil, which is capable of pairing with A. The three different forms of RNA are all produced in the nucleus alongside DNA as a tem ...
APEX Unit 4 Answers
... In the space below, draw a picture of the eukaryotic cell cycle and label the subphases and checkpoint. Students should draw an image as on page 133. Describe the function of a cyclin-dependent kinase. Cdks become active by binding to a cyclin protein. This interaction causes the Cdk to change shape ...
... In the space below, draw a picture of the eukaryotic cell cycle and label the subphases and checkpoint. Students should draw an image as on page 133. Describe the function of a cyclin-dependent kinase. Cdks become active by binding to a cyclin protein. This interaction causes the Cdk to change shape ...
Bacteria and Viruses Jeopardy
... $400 Question from H4 A virus is intending to infect a cell, what are some factors that might affect whether or not the virus is able to do so? ...
... $400 Question from H4 A virus is intending to infect a cell, what are some factors that might affect whether or not the virus is able to do so? ...
Patentability of essentially biological processes
... human intervention is required which takes the process beyond being a process based solely or principally on crossing and selection. In practice, it is likely that a step of genetic modification within the initial crossing step and the selection steps of the claims may be necessary. This decision is ...
... human intervention is required which takes the process beyond being a process based solely or principally on crossing and selection. In practice, it is likely that a step of genetic modification within the initial crossing step and the selection steps of the claims may be necessary. This decision is ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.