Measurement of flowering time
... 2006). It remains to be shown whether any of the three tomato members of CO family group Ia plays a role in tomato flowering, since the results reported so far do not exclude this possibility (Ben-Naim et al., 2006). Whether other CO family genes from potato have a stronger effect on flowering is st ...
... 2006). It remains to be shown whether any of the three tomato members of CO family group Ia plays a role in tomato flowering, since the results reported so far do not exclude this possibility (Ben-Naim et al., 2006). Whether other CO family genes from potato have a stronger effect on flowering is st ...
"big IB objectives"-use the blank paper technique
... 3.4.1 – explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of the new complementary strands by DNA polymerase 3.4.2 – explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA 3 ...
... 3.4.1 – explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of the new complementary strands by DNA polymerase 3.4.2 – explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA 3 ...
13.3 Mutations
... • The effects of mutations on genes vary widely. Some have little or no effect; and some produce beneficial variations. Some negatively disrupt gene function. • Whether a mutation is negative or beneficial depends on how its DNA changes relative to the organism’s situation. • Mutations are often tho ...
... • The effects of mutations on genes vary widely. Some have little or no effect; and some produce beneficial variations. Some negatively disrupt gene function. • Whether a mutation is negative or beneficial depends on how its DNA changes relative to the organism’s situation. • Mutations are often tho ...
Introduction to Natural Selection
... The evolution of color patterns in the British peppered moth, Biston betularia, is a classic example of directional selection in response to predation (and changing environmental conditions). These moths, which rest on tree trunks during the day, occur in a light colored form with a sprinkling of da ...
... The evolution of color patterns in the British peppered moth, Biston betularia, is a classic example of directional selection in response to predation (and changing environmental conditions). These moths, which rest on tree trunks during the day, occur in a light colored form with a sprinkling of da ...
Biology
... Questions from past exam papers Many of the questions on past papers have relevance to the revised Biology Study Design (2006–2009) and can continue to be used by teachers. Because of the introduction of new key knowledge, for example details about signalling molecules and how they operate, some qu ...
... Questions from past exam papers Many of the questions on past papers have relevance to the revised Biology Study Design (2006–2009) and can continue to be used by teachers. Because of the introduction of new key knowledge, for example details about signalling molecules and how they operate, some qu ...
... Gastric cancer but it is still the second most cause of cancer death in the world.1 About 95% of stomach cancers are of adenocarcinoma type which starts from one of the common cell types found in the lining of the stomach. It is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide and is common in Japan ...
Biochem10 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... A. androgen receptor B. estrogen receptor C. progesterone receptor D. glucocorticoid receptor E. mineralocorticoid receptor 30. Acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA are best classified as which one of the following types of transmitters? A. excitatory B. ionotropic C. inhibitory D. metabotropic E. pept ...
... A. androgen receptor B. estrogen receptor C. progesterone receptor D. glucocorticoid receptor E. mineralocorticoid receptor 30. Acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA are best classified as which one of the following types of transmitters? A. excitatory B. ionotropic C. inhibitory D. metabotropic E. pept ...
Complete Laboratory PDF
... another on a chromosome, the greater the chance that they will be inherited together as a unit (linked). Conversely, locations farther apart on the chromosome are more likely to be separated by chromosome recombination during meiosis. Thus, the frequency of recombination with previously mapped genes ...
... another on a chromosome, the greater the chance that they will be inherited together as a unit (linked). Conversely, locations farther apart on the chromosome are more likely to be separated by chromosome recombination during meiosis. Thus, the frequency of recombination with previously mapped genes ...
Genetic analysis of acidocin B, a novel bacteriocin
... (Tagg e t al., 1976). The majority of bacteriocins produced by LAB can be classified into four distinct groups based on biochemical and genetic characteristics : (i) small ...
... (Tagg e t al., 1976). The majority of bacteriocins produced by LAB can be classified into four distinct groups based on biochemical and genetic characteristics : (i) small ...
Electrophoresis Western blotting
... Haemophilus influenzae cell proteins separated by 2D gel electrophoresis. The basic proteins are to the right of the gel and the acidic proteins to the left. High molecular weight proteins are to the top of the gel. (Annenberg Media, ...
... Haemophilus influenzae cell proteins separated by 2D gel electrophoresis. The basic proteins are to the right of the gel and the acidic proteins to the left. High molecular weight proteins are to the top of the gel. (Annenberg Media, ...
this PDF file
... industries, various researchers have tried to produce phenol by other methods such as benzene oxidation. The consumption of phenolic compounds produced from catalyzed oxidation of benzene reached 31% in the USA in 1994. The process of direct hydroxylation of benzene was done in both the liquid and g ...
... industries, various researchers have tried to produce phenol by other methods such as benzene oxidation. The consumption of phenolic compounds produced from catalyzed oxidation of benzene reached 31% in the USA in 1994. The process of direct hydroxylation of benzene was done in both the liquid and g ...
Construction of plant BAC libraries This document
... 14. Add 30 µl of 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0) to each tube (this inhibits further enzyme activity) and gently agitate tubes to promote contact between the agarose and the EDTA. Keep tubes on ice. ...
... 14. Add 30 µl of 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0) to each tube (this inhibits further enzyme activity) and gently agitate tubes to promote contact between the agarose and the EDTA. Keep tubes on ice. ...
REVIEW 5 Heredity Modern society uses scientific knowledge to
... Sometimes, however, the use of scientific knowledge to predict events and control nature is more controversial. Consider Gregor Mendel and two of his discoveries in the midnineteenth century: (1) Organisms have "factors"—we call them genes— that control their physical traits, and (2) organisms pass ...
... Sometimes, however, the use of scientific knowledge to predict events and control nature is more controversial. Consider Gregor Mendel and two of his discoveries in the midnineteenth century: (1) Organisms have "factors"—we call them genes— that control their physical traits, and (2) organisms pass ...
PartFourAnswers.doc
... Increasing the distance between sequence 1 (encoding the trp leader peptide) and sequence 2 will decrease attenuation under conditions of high [Trp]. In this situation, the ribosome, after completing translation of the leader, will not cover sequence 2. Hence the 2:3 stem-loop can form, preventing f ...
... Increasing the distance between sequence 1 (encoding the trp leader peptide) and sequence 2 will decrease attenuation under conditions of high [Trp]. In this situation, the ribosome, after completing translation of the leader, will not cover sequence 2. Hence the 2:3 stem-loop can form, preventing f ...
Monstrous Mutations - Campbell County Schools
... A ________________is a _________________ that exchanges one ____________ for another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could: 1. Change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. ...
... A ________________is a _________________ that exchanges one ____________ for another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could: 1. Change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. ...
ecole doctorale des sciences de la vie et de la sante
... and North America, we have isolated and characterized 23 different viruses of the Archaea. The viruses have double-stranded and single-stranded DNA genomes and exceptionally diverse morphotypes, including spindle-shaped, two-tailed, bottle-shaped, ovoid, coil-shaped forms, which differ dramatically ...
... and North America, we have isolated and characterized 23 different viruses of the Archaea. The viruses have double-stranded and single-stranded DNA genomes and exceptionally diverse morphotypes, including spindle-shaped, two-tailed, bottle-shaped, ovoid, coil-shaped forms, which differ dramatically ...
Topic 1: Statistical analysis (2 hours)
... cell growth / increase in cell volume; organelle doubling; microtubule formation; ...
... cell growth / increase in cell volume; organelle doubling; microtubule formation; ...
A Study of the Asp110–Glu112 Region of EcoRII Restriction
... mutants) demonstrated some modifications in the region of the BamHI site. Three to six percent of the plasmids (side mutations, mainly deletions) demonstrated lack of the HindIII site and alterations (in some instances significant decrease) in their molecular masses. The average yield of target muta ...
... mutants) demonstrated some modifications in the region of the BamHI site. Three to six percent of the plasmids (side mutations, mainly deletions) demonstrated lack of the HindIII site and alterations (in some instances significant decrease) in their molecular masses. The average yield of target muta ...
Long noncoding RNAs and human disease - e
... p15 and p16 are involved in cell cycle regulation. Alternative reading frame (ARF) protein participates in the activation of the apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest by promoting MDM2 degradation. Within this busy locus is an antisense lncRNA, ANRIL (antisense lncRNA of the INK4 locus), that span ...
... p15 and p16 are involved in cell cycle regulation. Alternative reading frame (ARF) protein participates in the activation of the apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest by promoting MDM2 degradation. Within this busy locus is an antisense lncRNA, ANRIL (antisense lncRNA of the INK4 locus), that span ...
Pharmacogenomics Presenter Guide
... Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein (Several slides build these concepts) To understand the how DNA works, we usually discuss this in terms of the Central Dogma. The Central Dogma refers to the fact the DNA is transcribed into RNA and RNA is translated into Protein. 1) DNA is made from nucleotides that arr ...
... Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein (Several slides build these concepts) To understand the how DNA works, we usually discuss this in terms of the Central Dogma. The Central Dogma refers to the fact the DNA is transcribed into RNA and RNA is translated into Protein. 1) DNA is made from nucleotides that arr ...
Evolution Pt 2
... Phenotypic Variation A distribution is an overview of the relative frequency and range of a set of values. A normal distribution, or bell curve, is one that tends to cluster around an average value in the center of the ...
... Phenotypic Variation A distribution is an overview of the relative frequency and range of a set of values. A normal distribution, or bell curve, is one that tends to cluster around an average value in the center of the ...
harvey lodish . david baltimore arnold berk s
... on the Differential Scattering of a Beam of Electrons ...
... on the Differential Scattering of a Beam of Electrons ...
5 DNA Replication
... the schoolyard game: how to faithfully transmit genetic instructions each time its cells divide. The solution to this problem is central to replication. A huge amount of genetic information and an enormous number of cell divisions are required to produce a multicellular adult organism; even a low ra ...
... the schoolyard game: how to faithfully transmit genetic instructions each time its cells divide. The solution to this problem is central to replication. A huge amount of genetic information and an enormous number of cell divisions are required to produce a multicellular adult organism; even a low ra ...
Deoxyribozyme
_DNAzyme.png?width=300)
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.