67KB - NZQA
... structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and the metabolic processes occurring in cells. ...
... structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and the metabolic processes occurring in cells. ...
Prokaryotes: The First Life on Earth
... Archaea were classified as bacteria until very recently. In 1977, they were separated from bacteria into their own domain, or grouping. Archaea Many archaea are extremophiles, organisms that live in environments where life had been considered impossible. They have be found living in areas of extreme ...
... Archaea were classified as bacteria until very recently. In 1977, they were separated from bacteria into their own domain, or grouping. Archaea Many archaea are extremophiles, organisms that live in environments where life had been considered impossible. They have be found living in areas of extreme ...
International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological
... Sputum samples obtained for the study were first identified for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by standard diagnostic procedures like AFB staining, Fluorescent staining, PCR using IS6110 amplifying primers and sputum culture. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed by various standa ...
... Sputum samples obtained for the study were first identified for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by standard diagnostic procedures like AFB staining, Fluorescent staining, PCR using IS6110 amplifying primers and sputum culture. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed by various standa ...
Molecular Biology Fundamentals
... of living matter, and it would appear that without life would not be possible. This substance has been named protein. Later, many wondered whether chemical processes in living systems obeyed the same laws as did chemistry elsewhere. Complex carbonbased compounds were readily synthesized in cells, bu ...
... of living matter, and it would appear that without life would not be possible. This substance has been named protein. Later, many wondered whether chemical processes in living systems obeyed the same laws as did chemistry elsewhere. Complex carbonbased compounds were readily synthesized in cells, bu ...
8.7 Mutations
... PREHEAT oven to 375° F. COMBINE flour, baking soda and salt in small bowl. Beat butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar and vanilla extract in large mixer bowl until creamy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Gradually beat in flour mixture. Stir in morsels and nuts. Drop by ro ...
... PREHEAT oven to 375° F. COMBINE flour, baking soda and salt in small bowl. Beat butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar and vanilla extract in large mixer bowl until creamy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Gradually beat in flour mixture. Stir in morsels and nuts. Drop by ro ...
Use of Amino Acid-Nucleotide Base Pair Potentials in Screening
... such as Takeda et al. [7] and Liu et al. [8] have already made achievements on modeling protein–DNA interactions using different computational methods. However, these treatments have never applied amino acid-nucleotide base pair ...
... such as Takeda et al. [7] and Liu et al. [8] have already made achievements on modeling protein–DNA interactions using different computational methods. However, these treatments have never applied amino acid-nucleotide base pair ...
Bio 30 Complete Outcome Checklist
... semi-conservatively using molecules such as helicase & DNA polymerase. _____ I can describe the differences in DNA synthesis by polymerase in the leading and lagging strands of DNA replication. _____ I understand how a DNA sequence is transcribed into an mRNA sequence of bases using RNA polymerase. ...
... semi-conservatively using molecules such as helicase & DNA polymerase. _____ I can describe the differences in DNA synthesis by polymerase in the leading and lagging strands of DNA replication. _____ I understand how a DNA sequence is transcribed into an mRNA sequence of bases using RNA polymerase. ...
AIDS Case Study Teacher Guide - URMC
... be used to boost the immune system. This will prepare students for how to interpret the animal model data. Also go over the structure of the AIDS virus and its genome to prepare students for interpreting the gel electrophoresis data (slides 11-14) Have students load the “digested DNA fragments” on ...
... be used to boost the immune system. This will prepare students for how to interpret the animal model data. Also go over the structure of the AIDS virus and its genome to prepare students for interpreting the gel electrophoresis data (slides 11-14) Have students load the “digested DNA fragments” on ...
Swamp Thing
... other things. A few proteases are added to detergents, but many enzymes cannot stand temperatures much above 40°C. Washing machines can. An enzyme's activities may also be impaired or destroyed when it finds itself mixed with other chemicals. So there are limits to their usefulness. Enter the thing ...
... other things. A few proteases are added to detergents, but many enzymes cannot stand temperatures much above 40°C. Washing machines can. An enzyme's activities may also be impaired or destroyed when it finds itself mixed with other chemicals. So there are limits to their usefulness. Enter the thing ...
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV)
... The CT value obtained with the internal control will vary significantly depending on the extraction efficiency, the quantity of RNA added to the RT and PCR reaction and the individual machine settings. CT values of 28±3 are within the normal range. When amplifying a IBDV sample with a high genome co ...
... The CT value obtained with the internal control will vary significantly depending on the extraction efficiency, the quantity of RNA added to the RT and PCR reaction and the individual machine settings. CT values of 28±3 are within the normal range. When amplifying a IBDV sample with a high genome co ...
Recent advances in enzyme promiscuity | SpringerLink
... Enzyme promiscuity is defined as the capability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction other than the reaction for which it has been specialized. Although, enzyme is known for its specificity, many enzymes are reported to be promiscuous in nature. However, the promiscuous function may not be relevant i ...
... Enzyme promiscuity is defined as the capability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction other than the reaction for which it has been specialized. Although, enzyme is known for its specificity, many enzymes are reported to be promiscuous in nature. However, the promiscuous function may not be relevant i ...
Bioinformatics Unit 1: Data Bases and Alignments
... Searches and Alignments (cont.) • Filters: usually part of an alignment algorithm and are turned on by default. – The filter masks (hides) regions of the query sequence (your sequence) that have low compositional complexity (like poly A tails). Masking is achieved by replacing the sequence with a st ...
... Searches and Alignments (cont.) • Filters: usually part of an alignment algorithm and are turned on by default. – The filter masks (hides) regions of the query sequence (your sequence) that have low compositional complexity (like poly A tails). Masking is achieved by replacing the sequence with a st ...
APchapter5notes
... Fatty acids can vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds - “saturated”: no double bonds; most animal fats; solid at room temp. - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
... Fatty acids can vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds - “saturated”: no double bonds; most animal fats; solid at room temp. - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
Opportunities of New Plant Breeding Techniques
... complex’ (RISC) to recognise foreign DNA, for instance originating from viruses, and block its transcription. RISC is triggered by short double-stranded RNA molecules (which may be degradation products of viral origin), and then attaches methyl groups to the matching DNA sequence, which inactivates ...
... complex’ (RISC) to recognise foreign DNA, for instance originating from viruses, and block its transcription. RISC is triggered by short double-stranded RNA molecules (which may be degradation products of viral origin), and then attaches methyl groups to the matching DNA sequence, which inactivates ...
Chapter 1 Notes
... Fatty acids can vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds - “saturated”: no double bonds; most animal fats; solid at room temp. - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
... Fatty acids can vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds - “saturated”: no double bonds; most animal fats; solid at room temp. - “unsaturated”: has one or more double bonds which removes H atoms; plants and fish; liquid at room temp. ...
pdf
... positive effects on elongation. It has two subunits, one of 160 kDa that is homologous to the yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Spt5, and one of 14 kDa that is homologous to the yeast Spt4 protein. Another nus gene encodes a ribosomal protein. Much more needs to be learned about both terminat ...
... positive effects on elongation. It has two subunits, one of 160 kDa that is homologous to the yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Spt5, and one of 14 kDa that is homologous to the yeast Spt4 protein. Another nus gene encodes a ribosomal protein. Much more needs to be learned about both terminat ...
19-9-ET-V1-S1__preci..
... the salt has to be added in small amount under constant stirring to avoid accumulation of high concentration of salts. When large amount of salt is added to an aqueous solution of proteins the salt requires more amount of water for its dissolution. This leads to competition for water molecule on the ...
... the salt has to be added in small amount under constant stirring to avoid accumulation of high concentration of salts. When large amount of salt is added to an aqueous solution of proteins the salt requires more amount of water for its dissolution. This leads to competition for water molecule on the ...
Mutations: The Effect On Phenotype
... how and why the ability to taste certain compounds differs from person to person. In the 1930’s scientists discovered that some people can taste a bitter compound known as PTC (phenylthiocarbamide), while others cannot. In order to taste something, a receptor on the tongue bindsi a specific chemical ...
... how and why the ability to taste certain compounds differs from person to person. In the 1930’s scientists discovered that some people can taste a bitter compound known as PTC (phenylthiocarbamide), while others cannot. In order to taste something, a receptor on the tongue bindsi a specific chemical ...
What is an Epigenetic Mechanism and why is it
... • Epigenetics can provide – Molecular traces of recent or past exposures – Possible biomarkers of future risks – Insight on potential mechanisms of disease programming ...
... • Epigenetics can provide – Molecular traces of recent or past exposures – Possible biomarkers of future risks – Insight on potential mechanisms of disease programming ...
1-RS_Genetics_Lecture-1-Molecular Basis of diseases_14Sep2014
... The packaging of DNA into chromosomes involves several orders of DNA coiling and folding. The normal human karyotype is made up of 46 chromosomes consisting of 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes, XX in the female, and XY in the male. Each chromosome consists of a short (p) and ...
... The packaging of DNA into chromosomes involves several orders of DNA coiling and folding. The normal human karyotype is made up of 46 chromosomes consisting of 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes, XX in the female, and XY in the male. Each chromosome consists of a short (p) and ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.