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SDS-PAGE_overview
SDS-PAGE_overview

... In our lab, we will be using gradients to 4%-15% acrylamide. Loading dye/ Sample buffer. Since most proteins in solution are transparent, it is difficult to monitor their progress during electrophoresis. For this reason, a visible "tracking dye" such as bromophenol blue is usually added to protein s ...
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

... interactions help hold them together. Strong covalent bonds called disulfide bridges form where amino acids with sulfhydryl groups are brought close together. Ionic bonds can also occur between side chains. Quaternary Structure. Proteins that consist of two or more polypeptide chains also have quate ...
04b AP Bio The Structure and Function of Proteins and Nucleic
04b AP Bio The Structure and Function of Proteins and Nucleic

Sec_2_3 Carbon Compunds
Sec_2_3 Carbon Compunds

... Amino acids are compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end ...
04b AP Bio The Structure and Function of Proteins and Nucleic
04b AP Bio The Structure and Function of Proteins and Nucleic

... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few to more than a thousand monomers (Yikes!) • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino acids, with a carboxyl end (C-terminus) and an amino end (N-terminus) ...
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few to more than a thousand monomers (Yikes!) • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino acids, with a carboxyl end (C-terminus) and an amino end (N-terminus) ...
Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life Section 1
Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life Section 1

... Endothermic absorbs heat (requires heat) ...
Protein Structure
Protein Structure

... Marfan’s Syndrom and Ehler’s-Danlos syndromes - inherited disorder of connective tissue which affects many organ systems, including the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart and blood vessels. All resulting from various mutation in collagen and other fibril associated proteins, ultimately affecting the struc ...
Presentation - Harlem Children Society
Presentation - Harlem Children Society

... in sample. The concentration is used to determine the quantity of protein we need to place in our SDS polyacrylamide gel to see enough expression of protein.) Step 5: Perform western blot, encompassing SDS polyacrylamide gel Molecular Weight Standard 250 KD ...
Scale - Netherlands Cancer Institute
Scale - Netherlands Cancer Institute

2.1 Molecules and metabolism
2.1 Molecules and metabolism

... • Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist. • Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. • Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. • Anabolism is the synt ...
Comparative Proteomics Kit I: Protein Profiler Module
Comparative Proteomics Kit I: Protein Profiler Module

... – Genus – Species • Traditional classification based upon traits: – Morphological – Behavioral ...
Peptide bonds, polypeptides and proteins printable pdf
Peptide bonds, polypeptides and proteins printable pdf

... configuration of a newly folded polypeptide? How might a chaperone recognize a misfolded polypeptide? Some amino acid R-groups contain carboxylic acid or amino groups, and so also act as weak acids and bases. Depending on the pH of the solution they are in, these groups may be protonated or unproton ...
Amino acids
Amino acids

... no matter where they occur. ...
Cell Biology
Cell Biology

... substrate and the enzyme are moving so slowly they don’t get to meet very often to work. As the temperature increases so does enzyme activity, however, at high temperatures, the enzyme’s shape is altered, meaning the active site no longer matches the substrate shape. The enzyme is denatured. The tem ...
Macromolecules - Dickinson ISD
Macromolecules - Dickinson ISD

... Consist of fats, steroids, oils and waxes Used to store energy. ...
Peptides and Protein Primary Structure
Peptides and Protein Primary Structure

... • Adjacent R-groups interact with each other. • This interaction leads to the discrete f,y angles about each alpha carbon. • The collective effect of these f,y angles gives rise to secondary structure:α-helix and β-conformation ...
Peptides and Protein Primary Structure
Peptides and Protein Primary Structure

... φ,ψ: φ,ψ What’s it all about? • Polypeptides are made from amino acids. • Each amino acid has a R-group. • Each R-group has its own chemical character (steric volume and shape, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, charge, etc.) • Adjacent R-groups interact with each other. • This interaction leads to the ...
PROTEIN[1]
PROTEIN[1]

... • They will be activated to trypsin and chymotrypsin (now called proteases) • Proteases break down polypeptides into smaller peptides (very few peptides have been broken down to amino acids at this stage) ...
Concepts in Biochemistry 3/e
Concepts in Biochemistry 3/e

... Not considered a life-form Deemed parasites – unable to carry out metabolism or reproduction without the assistance of host cell Are the caused of many plants and animals maladies and has resulted in much human suffering ...
Abstract Document Sample - graduate school of biostudies, kyoto
Abstract Document Sample - graduate school of biostudies, kyoto

... FD, a bZIP transcription factor, preferentially expressed in the shoot apical meristem is required for FT protein to promote flowering. FD and FT proteins interact and act as a complex at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) to promote flowering. FD contains a possible phosphorylation sequence in its C-t ...
Cell Membrane and Regulation
Cell Membrane and Regulation

... being pushed away by the water on the inside and outside of the cell. ...
Chapter 6, Section 3
Chapter 6, Section 3

... Organic: contains carbon ◦ All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)  Monomer: created when C,H,O, N, P bond together to form small molecules  Polymer: large compounds that are formed by joining monomers together ...
powerpoint slides for class 3
powerpoint slides for class 3

... incomplete and computational simulations are so time consuming that prediction of protein function based on only a single DNA sequence is at present impossible (at least for a protein of reasonable size). ...
Molecular Biology Unit Review Guide
Molecular Biology Unit Review Guide

... 19. Draw a diagram in the space below of two amino acids being connected by a peptide bond, include the important elemental symbols and structures where the bond is made and any elements or molecules that are added or subtracted from the final product. What is this reaction called? ...
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Proteolysis



Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.
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