Microbial Cell Surfaces and Secretion Systems
... mechanical force to push them through the secretin into the milieu. The T5SS consists of five subtypes (a–e), including four variants of an autotransporter mechanism. Autotransporters consist of a signal peptide for export via the Sec system, a passenger, which is the secreted part, and a translocat ...
... mechanical force to push them through the secretin into the milieu. The T5SS consists of five subtypes (a–e), including four variants of an autotransporter mechanism. Autotransporters consist of a signal peptide for export via the Sec system, a passenger, which is the secreted part, and a translocat ...
Biosynthesis of the nutritionally nonessential amino acids
... • marasmus, in which both caloric intake and specific amino acids are deficient. • Patients with short bowel syndrome unable to absorb sufficient quantities of calories and nutrients suffer from significant nutritional and metabolic abnormalities. • a dietary deficiency of vitamin C is associated wi ...
... • marasmus, in which both caloric intake and specific amino acids are deficient. • Patients with short bowel syndrome unable to absorb sufficient quantities of calories and nutrients suffer from significant nutritional and metabolic abnormalities. • a dietary deficiency of vitamin C is associated wi ...
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Latent Serine Protease
... including EDTA and o-phenanthroline, suggesting that the enzyme belongs to a family of serine proteases. Interestingly, the enzyme activity could be enhanced 5- to 20-fold by incubation at 4 °C for about 3 weeks. Therefore, this new protease was named as LSP (Latent Serine Protease). LSP was maximal ...
... including EDTA and o-phenanthroline, suggesting that the enzyme belongs to a family of serine proteases. Interestingly, the enzyme activity could be enhanced 5- to 20-fold by incubation at 4 °C for about 3 weeks. Therefore, this new protease was named as LSP (Latent Serine Protease). LSP was maximal ...
Is DNA the Genetic Material?
... – Binding of the small ribosomal subunit to the RNA – Addition of the 5th amino acid – Termination of translation – Catalysis of charging a single tRNA ...
... – Binding of the small ribosomal subunit to the RNA – Addition of the 5th amino acid – Termination of translation – Catalysis of charging a single tRNA ...
Structural and functional studies on C4b
... each of the 70 000 Mr chains was shown to be split initially into two major fragments, T1 of 40 000 M r and T3 of 30 000 Mr (Fig. lb), and with longer digestion times, or a higher trypsin concentration, the 40 000 Mr T 1 fragment was further digested to give a 36 000 Mr T2 fragment. Both forms of C4 ...
... each of the 70 000 Mr chains was shown to be split initially into two major fragments, T1 of 40 000 M r and T3 of 30 000 Mr (Fig. lb), and with longer digestion times, or a higher trypsin concentration, the 40 000 Mr T 1 fragment was further digested to give a 36 000 Mr T2 fragment. Both forms of C4 ...
Manual_AccuRapid™ Protein Synthesis Kit
... 6) Mix protein expression mixture and magnetic bead by pipetting and incubate at room temperature for 5 min. 7) Combine magnet plate with separation rack and remove supernatant from the bead. (* Supernatant from this step is Unbound sample.) 8) After separating magnet plate from separation rack, add ...
... 6) Mix protein expression mixture and magnetic bead by pipetting and incubate at room temperature for 5 min. 7) Combine magnet plate with separation rack and remove supernatant from the bead. (* Supernatant from this step is Unbound sample.) 8) After separating magnet plate from separation rack, add ...
The Universal Dogma of Genetics
... DNA is life…the rest is just translation • In eukaryotic organisms, DNA is stored in the nucleus where it is transcribed into mRNA; a process called transcription (In the nucleus) • mRNA translates the information that was copied or transcribed from DNA into the language of proteins (amino acids). ...
... DNA is life…the rest is just translation • In eukaryotic organisms, DNA is stored in the nucleus where it is transcribed into mRNA; a process called transcription (In the nucleus) • mRNA translates the information that was copied or transcribed from DNA into the language of proteins (amino acids). ...
Variations in Surface Protein Composition Associated
... prepared at lo6 c.f.u. ml-l. Using a phage-typing machine (P.H.L.S., Colindale, London) loopfuls of each suspension were transferred to agar plates of typing medium containing a range of concentrations of the appropriate antimicrobial agent. Plates were incubated for 24 h at 36 "C in air containing ...
... prepared at lo6 c.f.u. ml-l. Using a phage-typing machine (P.H.L.S., Colindale, London) loopfuls of each suspension were transferred to agar plates of typing medium containing a range of concentrations of the appropriate antimicrobial agent. Plates were incubated for 24 h at 36 "C in air containing ...
Khoa hoc - Cong nghe
... coincides with research of scad hydrolysis by Flavourzyme (Chun et al., 2006). A number of other studies on hydrolyzed tuna head (Nguyen et al., 2012) and hydrolysis salmon head (Sathivel et al., 2005) also showed that essential amino acids content in hydrolyzed protein obtained from these studied w ...
... coincides with research of scad hydrolysis by Flavourzyme (Chun et al., 2006). A number of other studies on hydrolyzed tuna head (Nguyen et al., 2012) and hydrolysis salmon head (Sathivel et al., 2005) also showed that essential amino acids content in hydrolyzed protein obtained from these studied w ...
Amino Acids: An Introduction to Their Structure, Functions and
... The bottom part of the electrophoresis graphic shows that two of the samples migrated towards opposite ends of the gel. One remained at the origin. The top sample migrated to the positively charged electrode – this means that the amino acid or protein had an overall charge that was negative (which a ...
... The bottom part of the electrophoresis graphic shows that two of the samples migrated towards opposite ends of the gel. One remained at the origin. The top sample migrated to the positively charged electrode – this means that the amino acid or protein had an overall charge that was negative (which a ...
From Gene to Protein
... In these cases, translation is completed in the cytosol before the polypeptide is imported into the organelle. While the mechanisms of translocation vary, each of these polypeptides has a “postal” code that ensures its delivery to the correct cellular location. ...
... In these cases, translation is completed in the cytosol before the polypeptide is imported into the organelle. While the mechanisms of translocation vary, each of these polypeptides has a “postal” code that ensures its delivery to the correct cellular location. ...
site-directed mutagenesis and protein engineering
... properties of value to be created (protein engineering). Such mutant proteins may have only minor changes but it is not uncommon for entire domains to be deleted or new domains added. Primer extension (the single-primer method) is a simple method for site-directed mutation The first method of site-d ...
... properties of value to be created (protein engineering). Such mutant proteins may have only minor changes but it is not uncommon for entire domains to be deleted or new domains added. Primer extension (the single-primer method) is a simple method for site-directed mutation The first method of site-d ...
Outer dense fibre protein 2 (ODF2) is a self
... tropomyosins and ODF3. In addition, ODF2 contains two leucine-zipper regions in the C-terminal half (Fig. 1A). In many proteins, the predicted coiled-coil segments lie in areas that are thought to play a functionally important role, for example, in mediation of oligomerization (Lupas et al., 1991). ...
... tropomyosins and ODF3. In addition, ODF2 contains two leucine-zipper regions in the C-terminal half (Fig. 1A). In many proteins, the predicted coiled-coil segments lie in areas that are thought to play a functionally important role, for example, in mediation of oligomerization (Lupas et al., 1991). ...
Selection of Functional Signal Peptide Cleavage Sites from a Library of Random Sequences.
... spectrophotometrically at 30°C with 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 100 ,uM ampicillin on a Beckman model DU 640 spectrophotometer. The spectral parameters used for ampicillin were 235 nm and As = 900 M- 1 cm- . The unit used for the expression of ,B-lactamase activity was the amount of ...
... spectrophotometrically at 30°C with 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 100 ,uM ampicillin on a Beckman model DU 640 spectrophotometer. The spectral parameters used for ampicillin were 235 nm and As = 900 M- 1 cm- . The unit used for the expression of ,B-lactamase activity was the amount of ...
AS2098
... 3.Appreciate the major control sites in metabolic pathways, the mechanisms for their control and give an accurate and reasoned account of the integration of metabolism. 4.Explain selected disorders of metabolism in terms of molecular abnormalities and their metabolic consequences. Indicative Module ...
... 3.Appreciate the major control sites in metabolic pathways, the mechanisms for their control and give an accurate and reasoned account of the integration of metabolism. 4.Explain selected disorders of metabolism in terms of molecular abnormalities and their metabolic consequences. Indicative Module ...
Lecture 8
... • The entropy of the universe must increase in a spontaneous process, and protein folding is a spontaneous process – When water molecules surround a nonpolar compound, they are restricted in the number of hydrogen bonds then can form which represents a lower entropy – By having the hydrophobic resid ...
... • The entropy of the universe must increase in a spontaneous process, and protein folding is a spontaneous process – When water molecules surround a nonpolar compound, they are restricted in the number of hydrogen bonds then can form which represents a lower entropy – By having the hydrophobic resid ...
Challenges of Nanotechnology - Knowledge Systems Institute
... genomic branch of bioinformatics, homology is used to predict the function of a gene: if the sequence of gene A, whose function is known, is homologous to the sequence of gene B, whose function is unknown, one could infer that B may share A's function. One example of this is the similar protein homo ...
... genomic branch of bioinformatics, homology is used to predict the function of a gene: if the sequence of gene A, whose function is known, is homologous to the sequence of gene B, whose function is unknown, one could infer that B may share A's function. One example of this is the similar protein homo ...
Mistakes Happen
... New Amino Acids 4. Silent Mutations – time for a silent mutation. You’ll need to think about this one a little. Remember, what ever change you make, it must still code for the same amino acid. Start by looking at the codon charts to see which amino acids have multiple codons. ...
... New Amino Acids 4. Silent Mutations – time for a silent mutation. You’ll need to think about this one a little. Remember, what ever change you make, it must still code for the same amino acid. Start by looking at the codon charts to see which amino acids have multiple codons. ...
The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds
... molecule in plant cells. Glycogen is a polymer of α-glucose. It differs from starch by its pattern of polymer branching. It is a major energy storage molecule in animal cells. Cellulose is a polymer of β-glucose molecules. It serves as a structural molecule in the walls of plant cells and is the maj ...
... molecule in plant cells. Glycogen is a polymer of α-glucose. It differs from starch by its pattern of polymer branching. It is a major energy storage molecule in animal cells. Cellulose is a polymer of β-glucose molecules. It serves as a structural molecule in the walls of plant cells and is the maj ...
amino acids
... condensation of the chemically altered amino acids will produce high yields without the bitter β-form byproduct. • may hydrolyze into its constituent amino acids under conditions of elevated temperature or high pH. At room temperature, it is most stable at pH 4.3, where its half-life is nearly 300 d ...
... condensation of the chemically altered amino acids will produce high yields without the bitter β-form byproduct. • may hydrolyze into its constituent amino acids under conditions of elevated temperature or high pH. At room temperature, it is most stable at pH 4.3, where its half-life is nearly 300 d ...
PPT
... – Makes use of an organic electron acceptor – Many diverse electron acceptors used by different microorganisms • Different end products generated as a function of final ...
... – Makes use of an organic electron acceptor – Many diverse electron acceptors used by different microorganisms • Different end products generated as a function of final ...
Document
... – Makes use of an organic electron acceptor – Many diverse electron acceptors used by different microorganisms • Different end products generated as a function of final ...
... – Makes use of an organic electron acceptor – Many diverse electron acceptors used by different microorganisms • Different end products generated as a function of final ...
Allosteric Enzymes
... • Covalent modifications • Phosphorylase Enzymes a has 2 subunits each with specific serine residue that is phosphorylated at its hydroxyl group. ...
... • Covalent modifications • Phosphorylase Enzymes a has 2 subunits each with specific serine residue that is phosphorylated at its hydroxyl group. ...
Science Take-Out: From DNA to Protein Structure and Function
... protein, perhaps enabling the organism to gain an advantage in their environment. The ones we usually hear about however, are those that have a negative effect on the organism. Genetic diseases are caused by negative mutations and can be passed along from one generation to the next. Pompe is an exam ...
... protein, perhaps enabling the organism to gain an advantage in their environment. The ones we usually hear about however, are those that have a negative effect on the organism. Genetic diseases are caused by negative mutations and can be passed along from one generation to the next. Pompe is an exam ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.