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Role of the ubiquitinselective CDC48UFD1/NPL4 chaperone
Role of the ubiquitinselective CDC48UFD1/NPL4 chaperone

... which are initially synthesized as inactive, ER-bound precursors (p120) (Zhang et al., 1997; 1999; Hoppe et al., 2000). They become activated by two ubiquitin-dependent events. In the ®rst step, SPT23 forms a homodimer at the membrane in which one molecule (processing substrate) is cleaved off the m ...
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Polypeptide Synthesis - Fairfax Senior High School

... Forming a polypeptide  Once 1st two aa are in place, 1st tRNA is then released  Leaving it free to pick up another aa  Process continues-ribosomes moves along mRNA  Polypeptide chain grows  Aa added to a chain at 15/s  One of 3 codons stop the translation process  No tRNA to match up  Trans ...
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... • If the sequence has more than about 500 amino acids, it is almost certain that it will be divided into discrete functional domains. If possible, it is preferable to split such large proteins up and consider each domain separately. One can predict the location of domains in a few different ways. Th ...
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Proteolysis



Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.
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