Protein import into the nucleus - Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
... sides of the NE (Fig. 2). The nuclear protein RCC1 forms a complex with Ran-GDP and promotes guanine nucleotide exchange [64,65]. Like other Ras-like proteins, Ran has a low intrinsic GTPase activity. Hydrolysis of bound GTP is stimulated by a RanGAP [66] which was found to be a functional homologue ...
... sides of the NE (Fig. 2). The nuclear protein RCC1 forms a complex with Ran-GDP and promotes guanine nucleotide exchange [64,65]. Like other Ras-like proteins, Ran has a low intrinsic GTPase activity. Hydrolysis of bound GTP is stimulated by a RanGAP [66] which was found to be a functional homologue ...
The dark side of dioxygen biochemistry Joan Selverstone Valentine
... A schematic overview of some of the pathways leading to oxidative stress and of antioxidants that defend against them in a typical eukaryotic cell (center; mito, mitochondrion; ER, endoplasmic reticulum). There are four classes of oxidative damage: (a) Site-specific oxidative damage involving metal- ...
... A schematic overview of some of the pathways leading to oxidative stress and of antioxidants that defend against them in a typical eukaryotic cell (center; mito, mitochondrion; ER, endoplasmic reticulum). There are four classes of oxidative damage: (a) Site-specific oxidative damage involving metal- ...
What are the different types of enzymes
... enzymes are missing from your food, the full burden of digestion falls on your own digestive system. Food sits in your stomach for nearly an hour before your body's digestive enzymes are secreted. It is during this time that food enzymes do their best work breaking down complex food molecules. These ...
... enzymes are missing from your food, the full burden of digestion falls on your own digestive system. Food sits in your stomach for nearly an hour before your body's digestive enzymes are secreted. It is during this time that food enzymes do their best work breaking down complex food molecules. These ...
Part I. Transcription
... enzyme which does this is called _____________________. The other function of this enzyme is to bring in nucleotides to form the new mRNA molecule. In mRNA, the nitrogenous base ____________(____) is ...
... enzyme which does this is called _____________________. The other function of this enzyme is to bring in nucleotides to form the new mRNA molecule. In mRNA, the nitrogenous base ____________(____) is ...
Mutational effects on protein structure and function Jonas Carlsson Link¨
... In this thesis several important proteins are investigated from a structural perspective. Some of the proteins are disease related while other have important but not completely characterised functions. The techniques used are general as demonstrated by applications on metabolic proteins (CYP21, CYP1 ...
... In this thesis several important proteins are investigated from a structural perspective. Some of the proteins are disease related while other have important but not completely characterised functions. The techniques used are general as demonstrated by applications on metabolic proteins (CYP21, CYP1 ...
Qualitative tests of amino acids
... derivatives of benzene giving the characteristic nitration reaction. Amino acids tyr. and typ. contain activated benzene rings which are easily nitrated to yellow colored compounds. The aromatic ring of phenyl alanine dose not react with nitric acid despite it contains a benzene ring, but it is not ...
... derivatives of benzene giving the characteristic nitration reaction. Amino acids tyr. and typ. contain activated benzene rings which are easily nitrated to yellow colored compounds. The aromatic ring of phenyl alanine dose not react with nitric acid despite it contains a benzene ring, but it is not ...
doc BIOL 200 Notes up to Midterm
... o Polyadenylation: addition of 100 to 250 A residues by poly(A) polymerase on 3’ end of mRNA enzymatically o Intron excision, exon ligation (first exon will always include 5’ UTR, last exon will always include 3’ UTR) o mRNAs retain untranslated regions (UTRs) at the 5’ and 3’ ends but they do not e ...
... o Polyadenylation: addition of 100 to 250 A residues by poly(A) polymerase on 3’ end of mRNA enzymatically o Intron excision, exon ligation (first exon will always include 5’ UTR, last exon will always include 3’ UTR) o mRNAs retain untranslated regions (UTRs) at the 5’ and 3’ ends but they do not e ...
Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of a G-Protein
... curred, were measured immediately. To establish the maximum and minimum amounts of fluorescence in each assay, we added Triton X-100 to achieve a final concentration of 0.1% and then EGTA to achieve a final concentration of 10 mM. Intracellular calcium concentrations were quantitated with equations ...
... curred, were measured immediately. To establish the maximum and minimum amounts of fluorescence in each assay, we added Triton X-100 to achieve a final concentration of 0.1% and then EGTA to achieve a final concentration of 10 mM. Intracellular calcium concentrations were quantitated with equations ...
Substrate specificity of protein kinase A in reaction with
... “model” enzymes has been very important for development of our understandings of the principles, used by protein kinases for selection of right substrates that in turn, is the basis of correct signaling and cell regulation (Pinna and Ruzzene, 1996). Protein kinase A is undoubtedly one of these “mode ...
... “model” enzymes has been very important for development of our understandings of the principles, used by protein kinases for selection of right substrates that in turn, is the basis of correct signaling and cell regulation (Pinna and Ruzzene, 1996). Protein kinase A is undoubtedly one of these “mode ...
REVIEW - The Journal of Cell Biology
... T R A N S P O R T OF PROTEINS INTO M I T O C H O N D ~ A ...
... T R A N S P O R T OF PROTEINS INTO M I T O C H O N D ~ A ...
Final Examination
... glycogen is released in a form which enters glycolysis as Glucose-6-phosphate, and because of this it skips the first priming step catalyzed by hexokinase. Since hexokinase uses on 1 ATP per glucose, only one ATP must be spent in priming glucose-6-phosphate (by PFK-1). Since 4 ATPs are produced in t ...
... glycogen is released in a form which enters glycolysis as Glucose-6-phosphate, and because of this it skips the first priming step catalyzed by hexokinase. Since hexokinase uses on 1 ATP per glucose, only one ATP must be spent in priming glucose-6-phosphate (by PFK-1). Since 4 ATPs are produced in t ...
amino-acids - ChemConnections
... Acid-Base Properties of Glycine The zwitterionic structure of glycine also follows from considering its acid-base properties. A good way to think about this is to start with the structure of glycine in strongly acidic solution, say pH = 1. At pH = 1, glycine exists in its protonated form (a monocat ...
... Acid-Base Properties of Glycine The zwitterionic structure of glycine also follows from considering its acid-base properties. A good way to think about this is to start with the structure of glycine in strongly acidic solution, say pH = 1. At pH = 1, glycine exists in its protonated form (a monocat ...
Significance of Intestinal Digestion of Dietary Protein
... activity of the small intestine is substantial and ideally, bags should be recovered at the end of the ileum using re-entrant cannulas. However, for practical purposes, fecal collection is more convenient. Estimates obtained from fecal collection of bags assume that bags and feed residues are not co ...
... activity of the small intestine is substantial and ideally, bags should be recovered at the end of the ileum using re-entrant cannulas. However, for practical purposes, fecal collection is more convenient. Estimates obtained from fecal collection of bags assume that bags and feed residues are not co ...
Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) RNA Binding Protein
... to viral nucleic acids detected by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lead to transcription of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) [10]. ISG15 is an ubiquitin-like protein modifier that is strongly induced by type I IFN (review in [11]), and it targets viral proteins from various virus families ...
... to viral nucleic acids detected by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lead to transcription of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) [10]. ISG15 is an ubiquitin-like protein modifier that is strongly induced by type I IFN (review in [11]), and it targets viral proteins from various virus families ...
annotated slides Power Point
... Fatty acids must first be activated by formation of acyl-CoA • Acyl-CoA synthetase condenses fatty acids with CoA, with simultaneous hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi • Formation of a CoA ester is expensive energetically • Reaction just barely breaks even with ATP hydrolysis DGo’ATP hydroysis = -32. ...
... Fatty acids must first be activated by formation of acyl-CoA • Acyl-CoA synthetase condenses fatty acids with CoA, with simultaneous hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi • Formation of a CoA ester is expensive energetically • Reaction just barely breaks even with ATP hydrolysis DGo’ATP hydroysis = -32. ...
Faculty of Science, IUG
... Date:2/12 /2005 Name----------- & NO.----------Answer the following I- Sketch the titration curve, calculate pI and determine the regions of the buffer capacity of ASP. The pK values of its Alfa COOH, Alfa amino , and Beta COOH groups are 2.1, 9.2, and 3.9 respectively. (6pts). ...
... Date:2/12 /2005 Name----------- & NO.----------Answer the following I- Sketch the titration curve, calculate pI and determine the regions of the buffer capacity of ASP. The pK values of its Alfa COOH, Alfa amino , and Beta COOH groups are 2.1, 9.2, and 3.9 respectively. (6pts). ...
Cloning, sequence and in vitro transcription/translation analysis of a
... that ORF H is a gene whose product is not detected due to the absence of a strong ribosome binding site. If this were the case, ORFs K, H. A, I and E might bc contained within a single operon. Similar analysis for the region between ORFs F and (’ did not predict the prcsencc of a coding region. Icav ...
... that ORF H is a gene whose product is not detected due to the absence of a strong ribosome binding site. If this were the case, ORFs K, H. A, I and E might bc contained within a single operon. Similar analysis for the region between ORFs F and (’ did not predict the prcsencc of a coding region. Icav ...
Amphibolic nature of Krebs Cycle
... of nutrient energy • Catabolism of amino acids provides: succinate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, αketoglutarate. • pyruvate (from glycolysis) • acetyl CoA stimulates pyruvate carboxylase ...
... of nutrient energy • Catabolism of amino acids provides: succinate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, αketoglutarate. • pyruvate (from glycolysis) • acetyl CoA stimulates pyruvate carboxylase ...
Gene Section RBBP8 (retinoblastoma binding protein 8) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... reflect the fact that these tissues are active sites of DNA repair and CtIP insufficiency might contribute to lymphoma development due to potential defects in DNA repair. ...
... reflect the fact that these tissues are active sites of DNA repair and CtIP insufficiency might contribute to lymphoma development due to potential defects in DNA repair. ...
Ammonium Dodecyl Sulfate as an Alternative to Sodium Dodecyl
... commonly used to extract hydrophobic or membrane proteins from cells.5,6 Most biopolymer samples such as cell lysates contain a lot of salts that can be the potential source of sodium ions in subsequent MALDI analysis. However, prior to the use of SDS for protein extraction, the water-soluble protei ...
... commonly used to extract hydrophobic or membrane proteins from cells.5,6 Most biopolymer samples such as cell lysates contain a lot of salts that can be the potential source of sodium ions in subsequent MALDI analysis. However, prior to the use of SDS for protein extraction, the water-soluble protei ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.