Plant Cell
... The Arabidopsis genome contains At2g25625, a gene homolog to LOC_Os05g49940, whose function remains to be characterized. The public microarray database (Winter et al., 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abi ...
... The Arabidopsis genome contains At2g25625, a gene homolog to LOC_Os05g49940, whose function remains to be characterized. The public microarray database (Winter et al., 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abi ...
Lecture: Fatty Acids Synthesis Recall the physiological role of
... Recall triglyceride degradation in adipose tissue by hormone sensitive lipase, and identify the hormone that regulates the hormone sensitive lipase. o During fasting, adipose TG broken down (lipolysis) o Lipases cleave FAs from TG: hormone sensitive lipase starts process Signaled by decreasing ins ...
... Recall triglyceride degradation in adipose tissue by hormone sensitive lipase, and identify the hormone that regulates the hormone sensitive lipase. o During fasting, adipose TG broken down (lipolysis) o Lipases cleave FAs from TG: hormone sensitive lipase starts process Signaled by decreasing ins ...
Analysis of Amino and Fatty Acids Composition of Senna alata Seed
... Proteins are polymeric molecules consisting of covalently bonded amino acids organized as a linear polymer. Protein can be quantified using amino acid analysis, to determine the identity of proteins based on their amino acid contents following protein hydrolysis [3]. Amino acids are the building blo ...
... Proteins are polymeric molecules consisting of covalently bonded amino acids organized as a linear polymer. Protein can be quantified using amino acid analysis, to determine the identity of proteins based on their amino acid contents following protein hydrolysis [3]. Amino acids are the building blo ...
Reducing Rice Seed Storage Protein Accumulation Leads to
... Furthermore, not only α-, but also β- and γ- zeins are important for the vitreous kernel phenotype. Compositional changes in amino acid composition by reducing β-, γ- and δ-zeins were not examined. We have generated transgenic rice plants in which different SSP genes were suppressed (our unpublished ...
... Furthermore, not only α-, but also β- and γ- zeins are important for the vitreous kernel phenotype. Compositional changes in amino acid composition by reducing β-, γ- and δ-zeins were not examined. We have generated transgenic rice plants in which different SSP genes were suppressed (our unpublished ...
Identification of Bioactive Peptide Sequences from Amaranth
... Proteins from animal sources such as eggs, milk, and meat are the best sources of protein with high quality. However, they have a high cost and in some cases produce some allergies or intolerances. Plant proteins can be substituted for them either partially or completely (Tavano and others 2008; She ...
... Proteins from animal sources such as eggs, milk, and meat are the best sources of protein with high quality. However, they have a high cost and in some cases produce some allergies or intolerances. Plant proteins can be substituted for them either partially or completely (Tavano and others 2008; She ...
Structure/function analyses of human serum paraoxonase (HuPON1
... HuPON1 is a 43-kDa glycosylated protein [18] comprised of 354 amino acids. Prior experiments utilized groupspecific reagents followed by site-directed mutagenesis to identify residues essential for enzyme activity. Results showed that residues E53, D54, D169, D183, E195, D269, D279, and C284, histid ...
... HuPON1 is a 43-kDa glycosylated protein [18] comprised of 354 amino acids. Prior experiments utilized groupspecific reagents followed by site-directed mutagenesis to identify residues essential for enzyme activity. Results showed that residues E53, D54, D169, D183, E195, D269, D279, and C284, histid ...
Somatic cancer mutations in the MLL1 histone methyltransferase
... Somatic missense mutations in the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) histone H3K4 methyltransferase are often observed in cancers. MLL1 forms a complex with WDR5, RBBP5, and ASH2L (WRA) which stimulates its activity. The MM-102 compound prevents the interaction between MLL1 and WDR5 and functions as an ...
... Somatic missense mutations in the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) histone H3K4 methyltransferase are often observed in cancers. MLL1 forms a complex with WDR5, RBBP5, and ASH2L (WRA) which stimulates its activity. The MM-102 compound prevents the interaction between MLL1 and WDR5 and functions as an ...
Isolation, characterization and cDNA cloning of nicotianamine
... given in pmole NA´mg21´min21. Extracts of bacteria carrying the empty expression vector as well as barley extract were used as control. E. coli 5 and 8 represent two independent clones (with and without heat denaturation at 100 8C for 5 min). ...
... given in pmole NA´mg21´min21. Extracts of bacteria carrying the empty expression vector as well as barley extract were used as control. E. coli 5 and 8 represent two independent clones (with and without heat denaturation at 100 8C for 5 min). ...
In Silico Prediction of the Peroxisomal Proteome in Fungi, Plants
... requires around 20 PEX genes and their products, the peroxins.8 PTS1 interacts with the tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) of the receptor Pex5p.16 Proteins bearing PTS2 bind to the WD40 motifs of Pex7p.17 After binding of their cargo proteins, these receptors are thought to interact with a docking co ...
... requires around 20 PEX genes and their products, the peroxins.8 PTS1 interacts with the tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) of the receptor Pex5p.16 Proteins bearing PTS2 bind to the WD40 motifs of Pex7p.17 After binding of their cargo proteins, these receptors are thought to interact with a docking co ...
University of Groningen Sugar transport in
... sole carbon source. In particular, carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes from hyperthermophilic archaea have been well characterized as they are of interest for industrial applications. Only a few hyperthermophilic archaea can grow on monosaccharides like glucose, but most do grow on di- and polysacchari ...
... sole carbon source. In particular, carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes from hyperthermophilic archaea have been well characterized as they are of interest for industrial applications. Only a few hyperthermophilic archaea can grow on monosaccharides like glucose, but most do grow on di- and polysacchari ...
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text
... (G), phenylalanine (F), and valine (V). Remember that the order is important; AG is not the same peptide as GA. Using the one-letter abbreviations for each amino acid the possibilities are AGFV GAFV FAGV VAGF ...
... (G), phenylalanine (F), and valine (V). Remember that the order is important; AG is not the same peptide as GA. Using the one-letter abbreviations for each amino acid the possibilities are AGFV GAFV FAGV VAGF ...
PDF
... the global carbon cycle, relatively little is known about carbon fixation and carbohydrate pathways in these algae [4]. For example the exact mode of CO2 fixation is largely unsolved. Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenases (Rubisco) from diatoms have half-saturation constants for CO2 of 30– ...
... the global carbon cycle, relatively little is known about carbon fixation and carbohydrate pathways in these algae [4]. For example the exact mode of CO2 fixation is largely unsolved. Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenases (Rubisco) from diatoms have half-saturation constants for CO2 of 30– ...
12 Molecular Visualization of an Enzyme, Acetylcholinesterase
... a carboxyl “C=O” and an “N-H” along the protein backbone. The side chain for each amino acid is also connected to the α-carbon. (The side chain for a glycine amino acid is simply a “H” and so it is not shown in the structure.) One side chain is covalently bonded to NAF. Move your cursor to the α-car ...
... a carboxyl “C=O” and an “N-H” along the protein backbone. The side chain for each amino acid is also connected to the α-carbon. (The side chain for a glycine amino acid is simply a “H” and so it is not shown in the structure.) One side chain is covalently bonded to NAF. Move your cursor to the α-car ...
prediction
... Nagano 1973 – Interactions of residues in a window of 6. The interactions were linearly combined to calculate interacting residue propensities for each SSE type (H, E or C) over 95 crystallographically determined protein tertiary structures. Lim 1974 – Predictions are based on a set of complicated ...
... Nagano 1973 – Interactions of residues in a window of 6. The interactions were linearly combined to calculate interacting residue propensities for each SSE type (H, E or C) over 95 crystallographically determined protein tertiary structures. Lim 1974 – Predictions are based on a set of complicated ...
Prokaryotic orthologues of mitochondrial alternative oxidase and plastid terminal oxidase
... plants, as well as some algae, fungi, and protists. It may serve to dampen reactive oxygen species generation by the respiratory electron transport chain. PTOX is a plastoquinol oxidase in plants and some algae. It is required in carotenoid biosynthesis and may represent the elusive oxidase in chlor ...
... plants, as well as some algae, fungi, and protists. It may serve to dampen reactive oxygen species generation by the respiratory electron transport chain. PTOX is a plastoquinol oxidase in plants and some algae. It is required in carotenoid biosynthesis and may represent the elusive oxidase in chlor ...
Biochemistry for the Radiation Biologist
... Adenosine triphosphate is a readily available compound in almost all cells The terminal phosphoanhydride linkage (and the previous one) can be hydrolyzed, yielding energy: ATP + H2O ADP + Pi, Go ~ -30 kJ mol-1 Energy drives other reactions, performs mechanical work in molecular machines ATP itsel ...
... Adenosine triphosphate is a readily available compound in almost all cells The terminal phosphoanhydride linkage (and the previous one) can be hydrolyzed, yielding energy: ATP + H2O ADP + Pi, Go ~ -30 kJ mol-1 Energy drives other reactions, performs mechanical work in molecular machines ATP itsel ...
B-Metabolism of Sulphur containing amino acids
... the above four amino acids do not occur, a single reabsorptive site is involved. Complications: Cystine is relatively insoluble amino acid, which may precipitate in renal tubules, ureters and bladder to form cystine calculi. Cystine stones account for 1-2% of all urinary tract calculi. It forms a ma ...
... the above four amino acids do not occur, a single reabsorptive site is involved. Complications: Cystine is relatively insoluble amino acid, which may precipitate in renal tubules, ureters and bladder to form cystine calculi. Cystine stones account for 1-2% of all urinary tract calculi. It forms a ma ...
Analysis of a ribose transport operon from Bacillus
... these systems have a protein homologous to the periplasmic substrate-binding protein, even though this bacterium does not have a periplasm. Nevertheless, Perego e t al. (1991) have demonstrated that the periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein OppA is cell wall associated in exponentially growing ce ...
... these systems have a protein homologous to the periplasmic substrate-binding protein, even though this bacterium does not have a periplasm. Nevertheless, Perego e t al. (1991) have demonstrated that the periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein OppA is cell wall associated in exponentially growing ce ...
The CamSol Method of Rational Design of Protein Mutants with
... over a window of seven residues to account for the effect of the neighboring residues [see Materials and Methods and Eqs. (1) and (2)]. The major difference with the Zyggregator method is that, in the CamSol calculations, we used a different set of parameters in order to remove the bias toward predi ...
... over a window of seven residues to account for the effect of the neighboring residues [see Materials and Methods and Eqs. (1) and (2)]. The major difference with the Zyggregator method is that, in the CamSol calculations, we used a different set of parameters in order to remove the bias toward predi ...
Supporting Information
... TRUNCATE from the CCP4 suite (3). Because molecular replacement trials using the Synechocystis ACO structure (PDB ID code 2BIX) (4) failed to yield a correct solution, we attempted de novo phasing using the anomalous signal from the natively bound iron atom. A high multiplicity dataset (native 2), c ...
... TRUNCATE from the CCP4 suite (3). Because molecular replacement trials using the Synechocystis ACO structure (PDB ID code 2BIX) (4) failed to yield a correct solution, we attempted de novo phasing using the anomalous signal from the natively bound iron atom. A high multiplicity dataset (native 2), c ...
The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
... (Figure 2), plus a few isolated ones. Apart from the six motifs, no significant similarity is detectable between groups. TRMs are rather large (80 kD on average) and charged proteins, covering a large range of pI from 4.3 to 10.6. They often contain a large positively charged domain of 150 to 300 re ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.