Taxation trends in the European Union
... The 2014 edition of Taxation Trends in the European Union is the eighth issue of the report in its current form. The objective of the report remains unchanged: to present a complete view of the structure, level and trends of taxation in the Union over a medium- to long-term period. Taxation is at th ...
... The 2014 edition of Taxation Trends in the European Union is the eighth issue of the report in its current form. The objective of the report remains unchanged: to present a complete view of the structure, level and trends of taxation in the Union over a medium- to long-term period. Taxation is at th ...
Part IV: Fiscal decentralisation in the EU – main characteristics and
... The Chapter shows that there is a trend towards increasing fiscal decentralisation across most of the EU from both the expenditure and revenue sides, albeit with heterogeneity across countries. The statutory classification of countries as federal or unitary only imperfectly reflects the effective de ...
... The Chapter shows that there is a trend towards increasing fiscal decentralisation across most of the EU from both the expenditure and revenue sides, albeit with heterogeneity across countries. The statutory classification of countries as federal or unitary only imperfectly reflects the effective de ...
0538478098_281254
... American population? • At the federal level, most taxes or levies are on income. • 50 percent of tax revenues come in the form of income taxes on individuals and corporations, called personal income taxes and corporate income taxes, respectively. ...
... American population? • At the federal level, most taxes or levies are on income. • 50 percent of tax revenues come in the form of income taxes on individuals and corporations, called personal income taxes and corporate income taxes, respectively. ...
Interjurisdiction Political Competition and Fiscal Extraction in China
... officials accountable to the same principal, the more intense political competition is, resulting in higher taxation; however, too many officials accountable to the same principal leads to lower taxation because of less competitive officials’ shirking and the fear of political instability. Using a p ...
... officials accountable to the same principal, the more intense political competition is, resulting in higher taxation; however, too many officials accountable to the same principal leads to lower taxation because of less competitive officials’ shirking and the fear of political instability. Using a p ...
1 Principles of Macroeconomics, 9e
... 32) It is difficult to test whether the velocity of money is constant over time, because A) there has been very little variation in the money supply over time. B) there may be a time lag between a change in the money supply and its effects on nominal GDP. C) there is only one definition of the money ...
... 32) It is difficult to test whether the velocity of money is constant over time, because A) there has been very little variation in the money supply over time. B) there may be a time lag between a change in the money supply and its effects on nominal GDP. C) there is only one definition of the money ...
PARPA II Review—The Tax System in Mozambique
... Effects of the Tax System on Private Sector Development Standard tax rates on businesses in Mozambique are now slightly above the regional and international averages, due to the global trend towards lower company taxes. Nonetheless, the prevailing tax rates should not be a deterrent to most investme ...
... Effects of the Tax System on Private Sector Development Standard tax rates on businesses in Mozambique are now slightly above the regional and international averages, due to the global trend towards lower company taxes. Nonetheless, the prevailing tax rates should not be a deterrent to most investme ...
MAII Public Economics Title English.p65
... According to Smith, a strong market system will stimulet the production and distribution whereby the maximum social welfare can gained by the general public. (e) ...
... According to Smith, a strong market system will stimulet the production and distribution whereby the maximum social welfare can gained by the general public. (e) ...
MidtermII-review
... 9. The counterpart to the unsold output of firms is the lack of jobs for workers willing to work. ...
... 9. The counterpart to the unsold output of firms is the lack of jobs for workers willing to work. ...
2005-2006 Budget Plan
... budgetary and monetary stimuli. In 2004, US firms regained their financial health of the mid-1990s by exercising tight cost management, reflected by a significant decline in employment between 2001 and 2003. Moreover, credit conditions and the risk premium on corporate securities are currently as fa ...
... budgetary and monetary stimuli. In 2004, US firms regained their financial health of the mid-1990s by exercising tight cost management, reflected by a significant decline in employment between 2001 and 2003. Moreover, credit conditions and the risk premium on corporate securities are currently as fa ...
The Economic Costs of Capital Gains Taxes in
... empirical analysis of the effect of taxation on the realization of capital gains, using the sale of corporate stocks at a profit as their test. The authors found that the realizing of capital gains is sensitive to the marginal tax rate. Their research concluded that a 10.0 percentage point increase ...
... empirical analysis of the effect of taxation on the realization of capital gains, using the sale of corporate stocks at a profit as their test. The authors found that the realizing of capital gains is sensitive to the marginal tax rate. Their research concluded that a 10.0 percentage point increase ...
Forecasting State Revenue under a Flexible Loss
... over-prediction of revenues. Within this framework it is also possible to test whether forecasters have successfully incorporated available information into their forecasts. Revenue forecasting accuracy is important because forecast errors can be politically and administratively costly. An over pred ...
... over-prediction of revenues. Within this framework it is also possible to test whether forecasters have successfully incorporated available information into their forecasts. Revenue forecasting accuracy is important because forecast errors can be politically and administratively costly. An over pred ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TAXES, INSTITUTIONS AND FOREIGN DIVERSIFICATION OPPORTUNITIES Dhammika Dharmapala
... a sample of countries with significant stock market activity.3 As Figure 1 demonstrates, the ratio of outbound FPI to FDI varies significantly across countries that are of comparable levels of economic development, giving rise to the possibility that taxation and investor protections might affect t ...
... a sample of countries with significant stock market activity.3 As Figure 1 demonstrates, the ratio of outbound FPI to FDI varies significantly across countries that are of comparable levels of economic development, giving rise to the possibility that taxation and investor protections might affect t ...
Do Tax Cuts Starve the Beast? The Effect of Tax Changes on
... changes in spending. Often, policymakers will introduce a new program or social benefit and raise taxes at about the same time to pay for it. This was true, for example, in the mid-1950s when the interstate highway system was started, and in the mid-1960s when Medicare was introduced. The key featur ...
... changes in spending. Often, policymakers will introduce a new program or social benefit and raise taxes at about the same time to pay for it. This was true, for example, in the mid-1950s when the interstate highway system was started, and in the mid-1960s when Medicare was introduced. The key featur ...
State-local finances in recession and inflation: An economic analysis
... Throughout this period state and local government expenditures from own sources were taking a larger and larger share of total GNP, with total state and local government own source expenditures rising from 9% of GNP in 1964 to 11.5% in 1975. Local government spending from own sources reached a high ...
... Throughout this period state and local government expenditures from own sources were taking a larger and larger share of total GNP, with total state and local government own source expenditures rising from 9% of GNP in 1964 to 11.5% in 1975. Local government spending from own sources reached a high ...
Free Full text
... period of higher growth in 1995–2007, with per capita growth averaging about 1.7 percent. This average masks yearly variations reflecting volatility in agriculture output, with per capita growth nearing 4 percent in some years and dropping to negative values in others. In response to a series of exo ...
... period of higher growth in 1995–2007, with per capita growth averaging about 1.7 percent. This average masks yearly variations reflecting volatility in agriculture output, with per capita growth nearing 4 percent in some years and dropping to negative values in others. In response to a series of exo ...
Decentralization and Sub-National Economics Thematic Group
... on intergovernmental transfers in addition to locally derived revenues. Limited own source revenue mobilization is typically due to the fact that revenues are more effectively collected at higher levels, insufficient tax bases have been assigned to lower levels, and/or local revenue capacity and eff ...
... on intergovernmental transfers in addition to locally derived revenues. Limited own source revenue mobilization is typically due to the fact that revenues are more effectively collected at higher levels, insufficient tax bases have been assigned to lower levels, and/or local revenue capacity and eff ...
Volume 2 - Policy Advice Division
... Size of the hidden economy and the level of tax evasion ........................... 41 Relationship between taxation and the size of the hidden economy ........... 42 Inland Revenue’s initiatives to address tax avoidance and evasion ............ 42 Recommendations by the Committee of Experts on Tax ...
... Size of the hidden economy and the level of tax evasion ........................... 41 Relationship between taxation and the size of the hidden economy ........... 42 Inland Revenue’s initiatives to address tax avoidance and evasion ............ 42 Recommendations by the Committee of Experts on Tax ...
Owning Development: Taxation to fight poverty
... countries get from tax, and that this can be done in a way that tackles inequality, making sure the richest bear the biggest burden. In the 52 developing countries analysed in this report, we found that significantly improving the collection of tax could potentially raise an additional $269bn dollar ...
... countries get from tax, and that this can be done in a way that tackles inequality, making sure the richest bear the biggest burden. In the 52 developing countries analysed in this report, we found that significantly improving the collection of tax could potentially raise an additional $269bn dollar ...
Enhancing Sustainable Fiscal Policy in South Africa By Samuel Sangawulo Jibao
... emerging economies, and the worldwide averages. For instance, even though fiscal authorities have reduced the CIT rate from a high 50% to 28%, this rate is still higher when compared to other upper middle income economies and the rest of the world‟s average. The country compares no better either whe ...
... emerging economies, and the worldwide averages. For instance, even though fiscal authorities have reduced the CIT rate from a high 50% to 28%, this rate is still higher when compared to other upper middle income economies and the rest of the world‟s average. The country compares no better either whe ...
Fiscal Capacity, Tax Composition and the (in)Stability of
... Most macroeconomic models assume that governments always have the ability to raise the desired or needed tax revenues and are, in general, effective. This was clearly not the case historically, but neither is it today in many developing countries. Historians, sociologists and other social scientists ...
... Most macroeconomic models assume that governments always have the ability to raise the desired or needed tax revenues and are, in general, effective. This was clearly not the case historically, but neither is it today in many developing countries. Historians, sociologists and other social scientists ...
Brookings Papers DAVID H. ROMER JUSTIN WOLFERS
... changes in spending. Often, policymakers will introduce a new program or social benefit and raise taxes at about the same time to pay for it. This was true, for example, in the mid-1950s when the interstate highway system was started, and in the mid-1960s when Medicare was introduced. The key featur ...
... changes in spending. Often, policymakers will introduce a new program or social benefit and raise taxes at about the same time to pay for it. This was true, for example, in the mid-1950s when the interstate highway system was started, and in the mid-1960s when Medicare was introduced. The key featur ...
2010-08-11 MFR of Arthur Laffer interview_1
... “We responded to a traditional financial crisis with massive fiscal redistribution. It turned a crisis into a catastrophe just the way it did in the1930s…I think that answer should have been that we did nothing. We should have held our hands and said ‘I not listening, I’m not listening.’ Instead, wh ...
... “We responded to a traditional financial crisis with massive fiscal redistribution. It turned a crisis into a catastrophe just the way it did in the1930s…I think that answer should have been that we did nothing. We should have held our hands and said ‘I not listening, I’m not listening.’ Instead, wh ...
Trends in Australian Government receipts 1982-83 to 2012-13
... reviews and inquiries into individual aspects of the tax system, 3 and almost continuous changes to the tax legislation.4 As a result, the tax system today is in some ways unrecognisable from what it was 30 years ago. A number of important elements of the Australian tax system did not exist 30 years ...
... reviews and inquiries into individual aspects of the tax system, 3 and almost continuous changes to the tax legislation.4 As a result, the tax system today is in some ways unrecognisable from what it was 30 years ago. A number of important elements of the Australian tax system did not exist 30 years ...
the pros and cons of formalizing informal mses in the palestinian
... informal firms generally include all employers and self-employed workers2 who fail to comply with state regulations, including firm registration, tax rules, and labor law (Pratap and Quintin 2006). Therefore, the informal sector usually includes all economic activities that contribute to the Gross N ...
... informal firms generally include all employers and self-employed workers2 who fail to comply with state regulations, including firm registration, tax rules, and labor law (Pratap and Quintin 2006). Therefore, the informal sector usually includes all economic activities that contribute to the Gross N ...
Supply-side economics
Supply-side economics is a school of macroeconomics which argues that economic growth can be most effectively created by investing in capital, and by lowering barriers on the production of goods and services. According to supply-side economics, consumers will then benefit from a greater supply of goods and services at lower prices; furthermore, the investment and expansion of businesses will increase the demand for employees and therefore create jobs. Typical policy recommendations of supply-side economists are lower marginal tax rates and less regulation.The term ""supply-side economics"" was thought, for some time, to have been coined by journalist Jude Wanniski in 1975, but according to Robert D. Atkinson's Supply-Side Follies, the term ""supply side"" (""supply-side fiscalists"") was first used by Herbert Stein, a former economic adviser to President Nixon, in 1976, and only later that year was this term repeated by Jude Wanniski. Its use connotes the ideas of economists Robert Mundell and Arthur Laffer. Supply-side economics is likened by critics to ""trickle-down economics,"" a rhetorical term which is not an economic theory.The Laffer curve illustrates a central theory of supply-side economics, that lowering tax rates may have a positive impact on work, output, and employment and generate more government revenue than would otherwise be expected at the lower tax rate due to the tax cut's economic effect. However, the Laffer curve only measures the rate of taxation, not tax incidence, which is a stronger predictor of whether a tax code change is stimulative or dampening. In addition, studies have shown that tax cuts seldom recoup revenue losses and have minimal impact on GDP growth.