Ambiguity, Audit Errors, and Tax Compliance
... The above models assume that the IRS’s audit finalizes tax liabilities and that there is no interaction between the taxpayer and the IRS after an audit. This approach is suitable for a setting where taxpayer uncertainty originates from complex but unambiguous tax rules. In such an environment, an au ...
... The above models assume that the IRS’s audit finalizes tax liabilities and that there is no interaction between the taxpayer and the IRS after an audit. This approach is suitable for a setting where taxpayer uncertainty originates from complex but unambiguous tax rules. In such an environment, an au ...
The economic impact of Air Passenger Duty Analytical update
... 4. The aviation links study is based on data up to the year 2012, making it, at the time of writing, the most recent analysis of the relationship between aviation sector output and GDP. Seat capacity is one of many measures of aviation sector output, but it is also one that is relevant to the issue ...
... 4. The aviation links study is based on data up to the year 2012, making it, at the time of writing, the most recent analysis of the relationship between aviation sector output and GDP. Seat capacity is one of many measures of aviation sector output, but it is also one that is relevant to the issue ...
A Better Way: Our Vision for a Confident America
... committee-led task forces committed to delivering serious solutions. Each Task Force was charged with developing detailed policy recommendations to serve as the pillars of our pro-growth plan for the future – our plan for a confident America. As leader of the Tax Reform Task Force, Ways and Means Co ...
... committee-led task forces committed to delivering serious solutions. Each Task Force was charged with developing detailed policy recommendations to serve as the pillars of our pro-growth plan for the future – our plan for a confident America. As leader of the Tax Reform Task Force, Ways and Means Co ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHICH COUNTRIES BECOME TAX HAVENS? Dhammika Dharmapala
... by a larger tax base due both to greater investment and to greater taxable income associated with local investment. Any budgetary cost in the form of reduced government revenue that accompanies becoming a tax haven can, in principle, be recouped by increasing other taxes, such as personal income ta ...
... by a larger tax base due both to greater investment and to greater taxable income associated with local investment. Any budgetary cost in the form of reduced government revenue that accompanies becoming a tax haven can, in principle, be recouped by increasing other taxes, such as personal income ta ...
Do Tax Havens Flourish? - University of Michigan`s Ross School of
... pretax income. Investment projects of modest anticipated value, with expected pretax returns too low to justify undertaking if the returns would be subject to taxation at normal rates, might be deemed worthwhile if located in tax havens and therefore taxed lightly (if at all). Other considerations ...
... pretax income. Investment projects of modest anticipated value, with expected pretax returns too low to justify undertaking if the returns would be subject to taxation at normal rates, might be deemed worthwhile if located in tax havens and therefore taxed lightly (if at all). Other considerations ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DO TAX HAVENS FLOURISH? James R. Hines Jr.
... pretax income. Investment projects of modest anticipated value, with expected pretax returns too low to justify undertaking if the returns would be subject to taxation at normal rates, might be deemed worthwhile if located in tax havens and therefore taxed lightly (if at all). Other considerations ...
... pretax income. Investment projects of modest anticipated value, with expected pretax returns too low to justify undertaking if the returns would be subject to taxation at normal rates, might be deemed worthwhile if located in tax havens and therefore taxed lightly (if at all). Other considerations ...
ma_eco_final_pap4a_bl3
... is called hypothecation. This practice is often disliked by finance ministers, since it reduces their freedom of action. Some economic theorists consider the concept to be intellectually dishonest since (in reality) money is fungible. Furthermore, it often happens that taxes or excises initially lev ...
... is called hypothecation. This practice is often disliked by finance ministers, since it reduces their freedom of action. Some economic theorists consider the concept to be intellectually dishonest since (in reality) money is fungible. Furthermore, it often happens that taxes or excises initially lev ...
Cyclically Adjusted Fiscal Balance – OECD and ESCB Methods
... most taxes makes it possible to assume proportionality between tax proceeds and the relevant base, i.e. unit elasticity. If this assumption cannot be applied due to progressivity of the tax or some other factor violating the proportionality assumption, information from the tax code and additional d ...
... most taxes makes it possible to assume proportionality between tax proceeds and the relevant base, i.e. unit elasticity. If this assumption cannot be applied due to progressivity of the tax or some other factor violating the proportionality assumption, information from the tax code and additional d ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... to achieve effects that might otherwise be done by explicit outlays. Tax expenditures now result in an annual total revenue loss of about $1 trillion; reducing them could permanently reduce future deficits without increasing marginal tax rates or reducing the rewards for saving, investment, and risk ...
... to achieve effects that might otherwise be done by explicit outlays. Tax expenditures now result in an annual total revenue loss of about $1 trillion; reducing them could permanently reduce future deficits without increasing marginal tax rates or reducing the rewards for saving, investment, and risk ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE
... revenue to GDP, divided by the standard VAT rate. 3 The closer these ratios are to zero (one), the lower (higher) the collection efficiency of the VAT tax. Having information on the standard VAT rate in 2003 for a sample of 44 countries, we assume that the statutory rates do not change frequently in ...
... revenue to GDP, divided by the standard VAT rate. 3 The closer these ratios are to zero (one), the lower (higher) the collection efficiency of the VAT tax. Having information on the standard VAT rate in 2003 for a sample of 44 countries, we assume that the statutory rates do not change frequently in ...
Macroeconomic Effects from Government Purchases and Taxes
... predicated on the view that expenditure multipliers are greater than 1. The packages typically also include tax reductions, designed partly to boost disposable income and consumption (through wealth effects) and partly to stimulate work effort, production, and investment by lowering marginal income ...
... predicated on the view that expenditure multipliers are greater than 1. The packages typically also include tax reductions, designed partly to boost disposable income and consumption (through wealth effects) and partly to stimulate work effort, production, and investment by lowering marginal income ...
Asia’s emerging gems pwC Investment brief
... • Lower demand as companies or customers defer/delay their purchases or investments • More stringent access to funding - banks and investors have lower tolerance towards risk ...
... • Lower demand as companies or customers defer/delay their purchases or investments • More stringent access to funding - banks and investors have lower tolerance towards risk ...
Why Should Tanzanians Pay Taxes?
... approximately two percent of GDP, still Tanzania has maintained a high level of ...
... approximately two percent of GDP, still Tanzania has maintained a high level of ...
Automatic Fiscal Stabilisers
... exogenous aggregate demand or real GDP shock (represented by cyclical above). For example, an exogenous cyclical shock such as a contraction in aggregate private sector demand, will tend to reduce tax revenue while increasing unemployment benefit spending, thereby reducing the government’s budget ba ...
... exogenous aggregate demand or real GDP shock (represented by cyclical above). For example, an exogenous cyclical shock such as a contraction in aggregate private sector demand, will tend to reduce tax revenue while increasing unemployment benefit spending, thereby reducing the government’s budget ba ...
FINDING THE OPTIMUM TAX RATIO AND TAX MIX TO
... this country. However, in a developing country such as South Africa, the merit of this phenomenon should be weighted against the growing needs on the expenditure side (Koch et ...
... this country. However, in a developing country such as South Africa, the merit of this phenomenon should be weighted against the growing needs on the expenditure side (Koch et ...
TRP99-3 -The Case for Payroll Tax
... wages are flexible and the supply of labour relatively constant, decreased demand for labour reduces wages, reducing the cost of labour. The cost to the employer does not change significantly but the employee's wage decreases. The impact of the tax is on the employee's choice of hours worked rather ...
... wages are flexible and the supply of labour relatively constant, decreased demand for labour reduces wages, reducing the cost of labour. The cost to the employer does not change significantly but the employee's wage decreases. The impact of the tax is on the employee's choice of hours worked rather ...
Nivedita Mukherji and Fuad Hasanov
... contribute to informality do not necessarily increase net revenue. This suggests that if one needs to understand the motivations behind policies that promote informality, an alternative objective function is perhaps called for. Some metric measuring government extraction from publicly funded project ...
... contribute to informality do not necessarily increase net revenue. This suggests that if one needs to understand the motivations behind policies that promote informality, an alternative objective function is perhaps called for. Some metric measuring government extraction from publicly funded project ...
WHERE MIGHT ADDITIONAL TAX REVENUES BE FOUND?
... A comparison of tax systems across OECD countries shows that the UK is a fairly average country when it comes to taxation. There are many other economically successful countries – in particular in Scandinavia – that have a significantly higher tax to GDP ratio; but also countries that have a lower r ...
... A comparison of tax systems across OECD countries shows that the UK is a fairly average country when it comes to taxation. There are many other economically successful countries – in particular in Scandinavia – that have a significantly higher tax to GDP ratio; but also countries that have a lower r ...
Individual Income Tax
... should be taxed on their ability to pay, no matter the level of benefits they receive. According to this principle, people with higher incomes will pay more than people with lower incomes. The level of benefits received is not a consideration. Yet, income alone might not completely determine someone ...
... should be taxed on their ability to pay, no matter the level of benefits they receive. According to this principle, people with higher incomes will pay more than people with lower incomes. The level of benefits received is not a consideration. Yet, income alone might not completely determine someone ...
Fiscal Policy Effectiveness in a Small Open Economy
... This paper presents estimates of fiscal multipliers in Paraguay following different estimation techniques and identification approaches. It also discusses selected recent studies with a special focus on empirical results for developing countries (see Annex A). An examination of multipliers in Paragu ...
... This paper presents estimates of fiscal multipliers in Paraguay following different estimation techniques and identification approaches. It also discusses selected recent studies with a special focus on empirical results for developing countries (see Annex A). An examination of multipliers in Paragu ...
Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries (2011)
... The effects which theory suggests the level and composition of taxes can have on efficiency and long-run growth—via investment, human capital acquisition, and innovation—have proved hard to identify robustly. For OECD countries, Arnold (2008) concludes that property taxes are least damaging for grow ...
... The effects which theory suggests the level and composition of taxes can have on efficiency and long-run growth—via investment, human capital acquisition, and innovation—have proved hard to identify robustly. For OECD countries, Arnold (2008) concludes that property taxes are least damaging for grow ...
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... mitigate …scal pressure arising from population ageing in Australia - pension cuts and tax hikes. To that end, we construct a small open economy version of computable, overlapping generations (OLG) models based on Auerbach and Kotliko¤ (1987) with non-stationary demographic structures. This class of ...
... mitigate …scal pressure arising from population ageing in Australia - pension cuts and tax hikes. To that end, we construct a small open economy version of computable, overlapping generations (OLG) models based on Auerbach and Kotliko¤ (1987) with non-stationary demographic structures. This class of ...
From Stimulus to Consolidation: Revenue and Expenditure
... age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues in an efficient manner. The precise mix will vary across countries, but given the high level of taxation in advanced countries and recent increases in spending, a relatively stronger effort is n ...
... age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues in an efficient manner. The precise mix will vary across countries, but given the high level of taxation in advanced countries and recent increases in spending, a relatively stronger effort is n ...
PDF Download
... mitigate …scal pressure arising from population ageing in Australia - pension cuts and tax hikes. To that end, we construct a small open economy version of computable, overlapping generations (OLG) models based on Auerbach and Kotliko¤ (1987) with non-stationary demographic structures. This class of ...
... mitigate …scal pressure arising from population ageing in Australia - pension cuts and tax hikes. To that end, we construct a small open economy version of computable, overlapping generations (OLG) models based on Auerbach and Kotliko¤ (1987) with non-stationary demographic structures. This class of ...
FROM GALLONS TO MILES: A SHORT
... highway system because policymakers have relied on the gasoline tax to charge motorists and truckers for their use of the roads and to raise revenues to maintain and expand the highway system. Because the level of the gasoline tax has been fixed for more than two decades, while the nation’s vehicle ...
... highway system because policymakers have relied on the gasoline tax to charge motorists and truckers for their use of the roads and to raise revenues to maintain and expand the highway system. Because the level of the gasoline tax has been fixed for more than two decades, while the nation’s vehicle ...
Supply-side economics
Supply-side economics is a school of macroeconomics which argues that economic growth can be most effectively created by investing in capital, and by lowering barriers on the production of goods and services. According to supply-side economics, consumers will then benefit from a greater supply of goods and services at lower prices; furthermore, the investment and expansion of businesses will increase the demand for employees and therefore create jobs. Typical policy recommendations of supply-side economists are lower marginal tax rates and less regulation.The term ""supply-side economics"" was thought, for some time, to have been coined by journalist Jude Wanniski in 1975, but according to Robert D. Atkinson's Supply-Side Follies, the term ""supply side"" (""supply-side fiscalists"") was first used by Herbert Stein, a former economic adviser to President Nixon, in 1976, and only later that year was this term repeated by Jude Wanniski. Its use connotes the ideas of economists Robert Mundell and Arthur Laffer. Supply-side economics is likened by critics to ""trickle-down economics,"" a rhetorical term which is not an economic theory.The Laffer curve illustrates a central theory of supply-side economics, that lowering tax rates may have a positive impact on work, output, and employment and generate more government revenue than would otherwise be expected at the lower tax rate due to the tax cut's economic effect. However, the Laffer curve only measures the rate of taxation, not tax incidence, which is a stronger predictor of whether a tax code change is stimulative or dampening. In addition, studies have shown that tax cuts seldom recoup revenue losses and have minimal impact on GDP growth.