Study Guide
... (Advanced Information: Sex cells are called gametes. Other body cells are called autosomes.) Body cells are diploid. They have the full number of chromosomes. 7. Only one chromosome from each chromosome pair ends up in each sex cell. ...
... (Advanced Information: Sex cells are called gametes. Other body cells are called autosomes.) Body cells are diploid. They have the full number of chromosomes. 7. Only one chromosome from each chromosome pair ends up in each sex cell. ...
Chapter Three The Biological Basis of Life
... Cellular function and an organism’s inheritance. DNA is composed of two chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases. The two chains are held together by bonds formed on their bases with their complement on the other chain. Adenine (A) is ...
... Cellular function and an organism’s inheritance. DNA is composed of two chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases. The two chains are held together by bonds formed on their bases with their complement on the other chain. Adenine (A) is ...
Chapter 6: Genetic Control: DNA and RNA
... any given DNA as 5’ – 3’. It’s complementary strand is the reverse, we read as 3’ – 5’, because we start off a complementary nucleotide with a FREE –OH at C3 of the sugar. ...
... any given DNA as 5’ – 3’. It’s complementary strand is the reverse, we read as 3’ – 5’, because we start off a complementary nucleotide with a FREE –OH at C3 of the sugar. ...
Thao_Molecular cell
... Nitrogenous base; these bases are classified based on their chemical structures into two groups: Purine; double ringed structure (Adenine and Guanine). Pyrimidine; single ring structures (cytosine and thymine). ...
... Nitrogenous base; these bases are classified based on their chemical structures into two groups: Purine; double ringed structure (Adenine and Guanine). Pyrimidine; single ring structures (cytosine and thymine). ...
Document
... DNA data is multiple state data. It normally exist in 4 different bases (A, T, C and G). ...
... DNA data is multiple state data. It normally exist in 4 different bases (A, T, C and G). ...
Mutations and DNA Technology Notes
... individuals to bring together the best traits of both. – Mule- cross between a donkey and horse ...
... individuals to bring together the best traits of both. – Mule- cross between a donkey and horse ...
From Gene to Protein
... RNA can pair with a single strand of DNA, except that adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine Single-strand RNA can fold into complex shapes by internal base pairing ...
... RNA can pair with a single strand of DNA, except that adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine Single-strand RNA can fold into complex shapes by internal base pairing ...
Organic/Bio Chemistry
... DNA & RNA are polymers (many units) --- long chains of smaller repeating units. The repeating unit (monomers) in nucleic acids is called a nucleotide. ...
... DNA & RNA are polymers (many units) --- long chains of smaller repeating units. The repeating unit (monomers) in nucleic acids is called a nucleotide. ...
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
... Differs from DNA synthesis in that only one strand of DNA, the template strand, is used to make mRNA Does not need a primer to start Can involve multiple RNA polymerases Divided into 3 stages ...
... Differs from DNA synthesis in that only one strand of DNA, the template strand, is used to make mRNA Does not need a primer to start Can involve multiple RNA polymerases Divided into 3 stages ...
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis
... – Each codon attracts an anticodon aka tRNA – tRNA carries an amino acid. – Amino acids bond and move along the mRNA – Continues until reaches STOP codon and forms polypeptide and mRNA is released. ...
... – Each codon attracts an anticodon aka tRNA – tRNA carries an amino acid. – Amino acids bond and move along the mRNA – Continues until reaches STOP codon and forms polypeptide and mRNA is released. ...
Chapter 4 • Lesson 21
... Protein synthesis is the complete process by which cells make proteins. Protein synthesis occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. These stages use different types of RNA. Cells contain three main kinds of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). ...
... Protein synthesis is the complete process by which cells make proteins. Protein synthesis occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. These stages use different types of RNA. Cells contain three main kinds of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). ...
Study Guide Genetic Systems 2015 File
... o Resources: DNA Structure and Replication Notes o HW: Building DNA Explore Learning (see assignment and link on moodle) I can describe the process of transcription and translation o Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3b9ArupXZg o Resources: Transcription and translation Notes I can identify ...
... o Resources: DNA Structure and Replication Notes o HW: Building DNA Explore Learning (see assignment and link on moodle) I can describe the process of transcription and translation o Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3b9ArupXZg o Resources: Transcription and translation Notes I can identify ...
1. Suppose the nucleotide composition of a DNA virus was found to
... In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, many ribosomes translate simultaneously from the same mRNA, allowing protein to be made more quickly from the same mRNA molecule. On the diagram below, label the following: a. 5’ and 3’ ends b. the stop codon c. N-terminus of the protein(s) d. The first ribosome ( ...
... In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, many ribosomes translate simultaneously from the same mRNA, allowing protein to be made more quickly from the same mRNA molecule. On the diagram below, label the following: a. 5’ and 3’ ends b. the stop codon c. N-terminus of the protein(s) d. The first ribosome ( ...
Proteins
... perform specific functions for the organism; therefore, individual cells differentiate and become specialized in structure and function. Differentiation happens due to selective gene expression – some genes are turned off, some are ...
... perform specific functions for the organism; therefore, individual cells differentiate and become specialized in structure and function. Differentiation happens due to selective gene expression – some genes are turned off, some are ...
1. I can tell the difference between mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
... DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the instruction booklet for making all of an organisms proteins. The DNA contains sections (genes) that code for specific proteins. DNA has the sugar deoxyribose, contains the nitrogen base Thymine (G = C, A = T), and is double stranded. It stays in the nucleus. RNA: Ri ...
... DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the instruction booklet for making all of an organisms proteins. The DNA contains sections (genes) that code for specific proteins. DNA has the sugar deoxyribose, contains the nitrogen base Thymine (G = C, A = T), and is double stranded. It stays in the nucleus. RNA: Ri ...
dsRNA synthesis RNAi (Howard Clarke)
... Selection and preparation of DNA template: Chose an exon-rich region of genomic DNA 300bp in length (>500 is better, and 3’ UTR sequence is fine). Alternatively, cDNA clones or first-strand cDNA generated by RT-PCR can be used as template (see protocol “Oligo d(T) primed cDNA synthesis”). cDNA templ ...
... Selection and preparation of DNA template: Chose an exon-rich region of genomic DNA 300bp in length (>500 is better, and 3’ UTR sequence is fine). Alternatively, cDNA clones or first-strand cDNA generated by RT-PCR can be used as template (see protocol “Oligo d(T) primed cDNA synthesis”). cDNA templ ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems
... variety of logical reasons. Which one of the following was NOT cited as a reason to doubt that DNA was the genetic material? A. DNA is made up of only four nucleotides and is too simple to encode complex traits. B. The experiments were done with bacteria, and bacteria may be too simple to have genes ...
... variety of logical reasons. Which one of the following was NOT cited as a reason to doubt that DNA was the genetic material? A. DNA is made up of only four nucleotides and is too simple to encode complex traits. B. The experiments were done with bacteria, and bacteria may be too simple to have genes ...
level two biology: gene expression
... I can define DNA in terms of the information it encodes. I can define RNA by using the terms ‘single-stranded’, ‘copy’ and ‘gene’. I can explain why RNA is necessary for protein synthesis by comparing the size and importance of RNA and DNA. I can show that I understand the processes of transcription ...
... I can define DNA in terms of the information it encodes. I can define RNA by using the terms ‘single-stranded’, ‘copy’ and ‘gene’. I can explain why RNA is necessary for protein synthesis by comparing the size and importance of RNA and DNA. I can show that I understand the processes of transcription ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.