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Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

...  Increase the rate of chemical reactions ...
Acid/Base Homeostasis - Interactive Physiology
Acid/Base Homeostasis - Interactive Physiology

... function at an altered pH. Many globular proteins have specific functions in the body and their shape is crucial for their function. • The protein shown is an enzyme. Enzymes have active sites with a specific shape. If for some reason the shape of the protein changes, this enzyme would no longer be ...
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Every Biological Molecules Question

... State what a gene codes for. ...
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... Optically active molecules means also they have two isomers ...
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation (PowerPoint) Gulf Coast 2012
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation (PowerPoint) Gulf Coast 2012

... 2. Once ONE mRNA is produced, does it just stop? 3. Can only one repressor block all the RNA polymerases? 4. How many places does RNA polymerase bind? 5. Why does this gene need to be regulated? 6. Where does lactose comes from and where does it go? 7. How many lac operons are in a single E. coli ce ...
molecular biology
molecular biology

... The cleavage is at a site away from the recognition site, though the distance is only about 20-30 bp from the recognition sequence, eg. EcoPI, HincI. These are also of little value in gene manipulation. Recently another class of restriction endonuclases, the type IV Restriction Enzymes has also been ...
At One Hundred: The Living Legacy of Francis Crick
At One Hundred: The Living Legacy of Francis Crick

... failure (which was independently replicated by Pauling’s group), they produced a successful model in 1953: the DNA double helix with two strands running in opposite directions and the bases stacked inside, showing basepair complementarity (A:T and C:G), in concordance with experimental results previ ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology

... These clusters, or CpG islands, are targets for proteins that bind to unmethylated CpGs and initiate gene transcription. In contrast, methylated CpGs are generally associated with silent DNA, can block methylation-sensitive proteins and can be easily mutated. The loss of normal DNA methylation patte ...
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... investigate the structure of amino acids and how they affect the structure of a protein. We will also investigate the affect of structure on the function of a protein. Why learn about proteins? Of the three classes of biomolecules - lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins – proteins have some of the mos ...
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Nutritional Requirements in Fermentation

... weight on the order of 2 x lo9. This one molecule contains all the hereditary information. Eukaryotes contain a nucleus with several larger DNA molecules. The negative charges on DNA are balanced by divalent ions in the case of prokaryotes or basic amino acids in the case of eukaryotes. Messenger RN ...
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Supercoils in plant DNA: nucleoid

... higher order organization of nuclear DNA in plants have been conducted. Plants share many common features with the other eukaryotes, but there are also many peculiarities distinguishing them. For example, they possess unusually large genomes, highly variable in size and organization from species to ...
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... genetic disease, i.e. spinal muscular atrophy, von Willebrand disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Williams syndrome. Transposable Element jumping in genome can cause many diseases including hemophilia A and B, severe combined immunodeficiency, porphyria, colon cancer, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Detectio ...
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MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology

... function at an altered pH. Many globular proteins have specific functions in the body and their shape is crucial for their function. • The protein shown is an enzyme. Enzymes have active sites with a specific shape. If for some reason the shape of the protein changes, this enzyme would no longer be ...
MS Word Version
MS Word Version

... function at an altered pH. Many globular proteins have specific functions in the body and their shape is crucial for their function. • The protein shown is an enzyme. Enzymes have active sites with a specific shape. If for some reason the shape of the protein changes, this enzyme would no longer be ...
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Matching DNA Sequences

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Statistically Significant Patterns in DNA Sequences
Statistically Significant Patterns in DNA Sequences

... the genomic sequence is short, a random occurence of the motif is not expected the genomic sequence is long, random occurences of motifs are expected, however, functional sites occure clustered resulting in local overrepresenation of sites a sequence or set of sequences is expected to have similar/h ...
The colorimetric estimation of inorganic phosphate
The colorimetric estimation of inorganic phosphate

... Introduction Inorganic phosphate react with ammonium molybdate in an acid solution to form phosphomolybdic acid. A reducing agent such as metol is added which reduces the molybdenum to give a blue colour but does not affect the uncombined. ...
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lecture - Haloarchaea

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Identification of genes altered in a mos1 mutagenesis I
Identification of genes altered in a mos1 mutagenesis I

... stratagene lab manual; modifications for class by V. Praitis. Day 1: Worm lysis I-PCR can be performed on a worm lysate or on purified genomic DNA. Worm lysis works fine most of the time. However, for reasons that we did not try to identify, we had a few experiments fail with worm lysates while puri ...
Introduction to Synthetic Biology: Challenges and Opportunities for
Introduction to Synthetic Biology: Challenges and Opportunities for

... Paynter formalism ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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