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Dell`Orphano: SNP discovery
Dell`Orphano: SNP discovery

... • Filter 3 & 4: Addressed quality of each base call relative to its position and frequency in a contig. First 100 bases discarded. Consed view of a contig containing a high quality mismatch (A vs. T). The mismatch has been confirmed as a common SNP. ...
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

... large DNA fragments, as shown in Figure 2.5A.2B. For separating large DNA molecules, it is best to run gels at both low agarose concentrations and low applied voltages (∼1 V/cm, 0.5% agarose). Electrophoresis buffers. The two most widely used electrophoresis buffers are Tris/ acetate (TAE) and Tris/ ...
CHAPTER 13 DNA manipulation
CHAPTER 13 DNA manipulation

... that was essential for cell survival, causing the gene to become non-functional? What would be expected to happen if the added DNA was by chance inserted into a cancer-suppressing gene so that this gene was disabled? Another major limitation was that, although these early techniques could carry a fu ...
Practice Midterm #2
Practice Midterm #2

... checkers in the initial setup can't move – checker A has a checker to its right (namely, B) and checker C C C has a checker above it (namely, B). After moving checker B, the player can either move checker A or move checker C. Your job is to write a program that lets the user play this game. Specific ...
Mutations in a gene encoding a novel protein tyrosine
Mutations in a gene encoding a novel protein tyrosine

... gene, the products of which would be predicted to have unique carboxy-terminal amino acid sequences (Fig. 4b). Two other cDNA clones, SFB14 and 743381, which could represent additional alternative forms of EPM2A, were also identified (Fig. 3). SFB14 was contiguous with genomic DNA and identical to t ...
Viruses
Viruses

... • The broadest variety of RNA genomes is found among the viruses that infects animals. There are three types of single stranded RNAa genomes. • Here the virus genome serves as a template for mRNA synthesis. • RNA viruses with most complicated reproductive cycles are the retroviruses (backward) which ...
DNA Sequencing
DNA Sequencing

not a plastid specific promoter but is also capable of
not a plastid specific promoter but is also capable of

Cloning and Sequencing of a Gene from Bacillus
Cloning and Sequencing of a Gene from Bacillus

... ability to sporulate on further cultures of MY2000.68. Lysates were checked, before testing, to see that there was no bacterial contamination. A single colony was selected from the first sub-culture of one of the eight isolates. This strain was used for all subsequent work. The transducing lysate ob ...
Lecture 10 Mass Spectrommetry Interpretation
Lecture 10 Mass Spectrommetry Interpretation

... Each of the fragments identified as y or b ions – the user does not have to assign the peaks or work out residual masses ...
How to design CRISPR crRNA for gene disruption
How to design CRISPR crRNA for gene disruption

... Note that sequence mismatches closer to the PAM sequence have a more negative impact on Cas9 cleavage than mismatches further away in the protospacer sequence. Therefore, off-target sites with mismatches near the PAM sequence are less likely to have an unwanted editing event than those with mismatch ...
Effects of Protein-Deprivation on the Regeneration of Rat Liver after
Effects of Protein-Deprivation on the Regeneration of Rat Liver after

... DNA synthesis during liver regeneration. The delay in DNA synthesis is eliminated by the administration of casein hydrolysate (given as late as 6h after partial hepatectomy), but not by glucose or incomplete amino acid mixtures. Despite the change in the timing of DNA synthesis, the increases in hep ...
1 glucose 2 molecules acetyl CoA
1 glucose 2 molecules acetyl CoA

Visualization of oligonucleotide probes and point mutations in
Visualization of oligonucleotide probes and point mutations in

... poly(T) linker centered around a (CH2)18 spacer. Each circle sequence was designed to have a minimum level of secondary structure or cross hybridization to other circles or decorator probes. The decorator probes had sequences identical to that of a segment of their cognate circle, and each was label ...
Molecular Determinants of Alphavirus Neurovirulence: Nucleotide
Molecular Determinants of Alphavirus Neurovirulence: Nucleotide

... D N A complementary to the 26S region of viral 42S RNA was prepared for cloning into pUC18 by priming at the T-end of the genome, as previously described (Kinney et al., 1986). Restriction fragments of the cloned cDNA, designated pTC-5, were subcloned into M 13 phages mpl0 and mpl 1. The entire sequ ...
Southern molecular hybridization experiments with parallel
Southern molecular hybridization experiments with parallel

... 3.3. Southern blot analysis of cloned DNA with parallel complementary oligonucleotide probes The previously cloned sequences of A282 and p8.3, containing the same 8.3 kb EcoRl fragment from the cut locus of D. melanogaster [14] were used as the model for studying the hybridization of Southern filter ...
exam I keys
exam I keys

... In the tripeptide Arg-Pro-Tyr, the C-terminal residue is Arg. Open systems, such as living creatures, are not at equilibrium. ...
[15] Recombineering: In Vivo Genetic Engineering in E. coli, S
[15] Recombineering: In Vivo Genetic Engineering in E. coli, S

... recombination proteins collectively called ‘‘Red’’ to directly modify DNA within a bacterial cell. Importantly, the Red proteins require only 50 bases METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, VOL. 421 ...
Sample questions from old exam I BCHS 3304 – Dr. Yeo  T
Sample questions from old exam I BCHS 3304 – Dr. Yeo T

... In the tripeptide Arg-Pro-Tyr, the C-terminal residue is Arg. Open systems, such as living creatures, are not at equilibrium. ...
FMOC The solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was first
FMOC The solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was first

... The solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was first introduced by Merrifield in 1963 (Merrifield, 1963). The concept of the SPPS can be illustrated by Figure 1 where the first protected amino acid is attached to an insoluble polystyrene solid support via an acid labile linker. The amino acids are pro ...
video slide - Wayne State University
video slide - Wayne State University

... This sequence of 4 building blocs must somehow code for sequence of 20 different amino acids in proteins. How can that be done? Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Organic Macromolecules and the Genetic Code
Organic Macromolecules and the Genetic Code

Immobilization_Mecha..
Immobilization_Mecha..

... performed using ImageJ.17 For each sample, the average intensity of five spots was taken, along with a background area next to each spot. The fluorescence signal for each spot was determined by normalization to the background intensity: signal = [spot intensity/background intensity] − 1. With this tec ...
Li 2001 Cancer Res
Li 2001 Cancer Res

... background in vivo DNA adducts in untreated cells were negligible (100-fold lower) compared with the levels of in vitro BPDE-induced DNA adducts in treated cells. Therefore, only BPDE-treated cells were analyzed. The adduct levels determined by this assay in DNA sample duplicates were highly reprodu ...
Predicted function of the vaccinia virus G5R protein
Predicted function of the vaccinia virus G5R protein

... each protein associated with the intracellular mature virion using mass spectrometry were unable to detect G5R within the intracellular mature virion (Yoder et al., 2006; Chung et al., 2006). When we employed a hidden Markov model (HMM) comparison search tool (HHsearch) to screen for the functions o ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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