Evaluation of peptide-mediated nucleic acid delivery
... therapy seems today more accessible and promising than ever. Nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and oligonucleotides (ONs), can be used in gene therapy applications (21). These molecules exhibit high specificity and low toxicity (22). However, ...
... therapy seems today more accessible and promising than ever. Nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and oligonucleotides (ONs), can be used in gene therapy applications (21). These molecules exhibit high specificity and low toxicity (22). However, ...
REAL-TIME PCR
... to any dsDNA, they will also bind to non-specific products if present in a reaction. Therefore, SYBR green PCR assays need to be properly optimized to avoid amplification of non-specific products or production of primer dimers, and thus reporting of false positive results. The unbound form of SYBR g ...
... to any dsDNA, they will also bind to non-specific products if present in a reaction. Therefore, SYBR green PCR assays need to be properly optimized to avoid amplification of non-specific products or production of primer dimers, and thus reporting of false positive results. The unbound form of SYBR g ...
Acids - Beck-Shop
... Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is a strong acid, but this is true only for one of the two hydrogen atoms. When sulfuric acid is mixed with water each H2SO4 molecule dissociates, releasing just one of its two hydrogen atoms as an H+ ion: H2SO4(aq) → H+(aq) + HSO4−(aq) The resulting HSO4−(aq) ions then only pa ...
... Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is a strong acid, but this is true only for one of the two hydrogen atoms. When sulfuric acid is mixed with water each H2SO4 molecule dissociates, releasing just one of its two hydrogen atoms as an H+ ion: H2SO4(aq) → H+(aq) + HSO4−(aq) The resulting HSO4−(aq) ions then only pa ...
Slide 1
... (non-heme iron containing enzymes) • These enzymes introduce unsaturation at C4, C5, C6 or C9 • electrons transferred from the oxidized fatty acids during desaturation are transferred from the desaturases to cytochrome b5 and then NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase • These electrons are un-coupled f ...
... (non-heme iron containing enzymes) • These enzymes introduce unsaturation at C4, C5, C6 or C9 • electrons transferred from the oxidized fatty acids during desaturation are transferred from the desaturases to cytochrome b5 and then NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase • These electrons are un-coupled f ...
THE STRUCTURE OF CHROMATIN
... structure. (When genes are active in a chromosome then of course transcription is occurring. Then the chromosome, and thus chromatin, will also be associated with RNA if we analyze its chemical composition.) The structure of the interphase chromosome (1) Each interphase chromosome contains one DNA d ...
... structure. (When genes are active in a chromosome then of course transcription is occurring. Then the chromosome, and thus chromatin, will also be associated with RNA if we analyze its chemical composition.) The structure of the interphase chromosome (1) Each interphase chromosome contains one DNA d ...
Genetics: The Science of Heredity
... Chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string. The chromosomes in a pair may have different alleles for some genes and the same allele for others. ...
... Chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string. The chromosomes in a pair may have different alleles for some genes and the same allele for others. ...
Nuclear Genes That Encode Mitochondrial Proteins
... several genes in this interval were involved in similar functions. A list of the genes identified is provided in Table 1. In addition, a number of genes that encode mitochondrially targeted proteins of yet unknown function were present (data not shown). Conservatively, we have identified 50 genes w ...
... several genes in this interval were involved in similar functions. A list of the genes identified is provided in Table 1. In addition, a number of genes that encode mitochondrially targeted proteins of yet unknown function were present (data not shown). Conservatively, we have identified 50 genes w ...
Mitochondrial genes in the colourless alga Prototheca wickerhamii
... indicated by its bootstrap values (all above 93%). Consistent results were obtained by using informative positions varying in numbers between 453 and 98 or by applying further algorithms like a maximum likelihood approach and a neighbour-joining method (35). Two main aspects of the presented tree ca ...
... indicated by its bootstrap values (all above 93%). Consistent results were obtained by using informative positions varying in numbers between 453 and 98 or by applying further algorithms like a maximum likelihood approach and a neighbour-joining method (35). Two main aspects of the presented tree ca ...
BCH401G Lecture 39 Andres Lecture Summary: Ribosome
... the bound GTP, converting it to GDP. The phosphate bonds of many nucleotide triphosphates are used to drive the process of translation. Hydrolysis of these bonds liberates energy that can be used to do work. In this case, GTP hydrolysis causes release of IF-2 (drives a change in conformation) from t ...
... the bound GTP, converting it to GDP. The phosphate bonds of many nucleotide triphosphates are used to drive the process of translation. Hydrolysis of these bonds liberates energy that can be used to do work. In this case, GTP hydrolysis causes release of IF-2 (drives a change in conformation) from t ...
Amino acid sequence of PR-39
... The determination of the primary structure of PR-39 was complicated, largely because of the monotonous sequence and the limited sensitivity of the peptide to enzymic degradation The C-terminal portion and the C-terminal amide were especially difficult to establish and the final remedy was capillary ...
... The determination of the primary structure of PR-39 was complicated, largely because of the monotonous sequence and the limited sensitivity of the peptide to enzymic degradation The C-terminal portion and the C-terminal amide were especially difficult to establish and the final remedy was capillary ...
Supplementary Notes - Word file
... In the molecular design of DLSA, we used dehydroluciferin, rather than luciferin itself, as the luciferyl moiety of the ligand to mimic the growing sp2-character at C-4 in the thiazoline ring predicted in the subsequent oxidation step of the luciferyl adenylate intermediate by molecular oxygen. ...
... In the molecular design of DLSA, we used dehydroluciferin, rather than luciferin itself, as the luciferyl moiety of the ligand to mimic the growing sp2-character at C-4 in the thiazoline ring predicted in the subsequent oxidation step of the luciferyl adenylate intermediate by molecular oxygen. ...
document
... reactions, using extremely reduced sample volumes, and to efficiently process flow-based assays for applications in chemistry, biochemistry and the life science. To date, analysis is still performed by fluorescence microscopes, even though bulky and expensive, since they enable the highest flexibili ...
... reactions, using extremely reduced sample volumes, and to efficiently process flow-based assays for applications in chemistry, biochemistry and the life science. To date, analysis is still performed by fluorescence microscopes, even though bulky and expensive, since they enable the highest flexibili ...
The past, present and future of plant breeding
... series issue, we outline how the crops we know today have evolved from nature, with particular emphasis on the role humans have played. Since agriculture began around 10,000 years ago, humans have adapted plants to suit their purposes. To start with, only the best-performing plants that nature provi ...
... series issue, we outline how the crops we know today have evolved from nature, with particular emphasis on the role humans have played. Since agriculture began around 10,000 years ago, humans have adapted plants to suit their purposes. To start with, only the best-performing plants that nature provi ...
number of fifty human tumours
... only a few chromosome counts, the mean DNA/chromosome ratio of the remaining 29 tumours is 1-040 (standard deviation ±0-063). If we consider only the 29 untreated primary carcinomas and teratoma (excluding the two seminomas because of uncertainty regarding the DNA content of the homologous normal ce ...
... only a few chromosome counts, the mean DNA/chromosome ratio of the remaining 29 tumours is 1-040 (standard deviation ±0-063). If we consider only the 29 untreated primary carcinomas and teratoma (excluding the two seminomas because of uncertainty regarding the DNA content of the homologous normal ce ...
1 Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation Transmission of
... into the bacterial cytoplasm. (b) DNA complementary to the phage genome is synthesized to generate pCTX, the replicative (plasmid) form of CTX. (c) The chromosome-encoded recombinases XerC and XerD, along with the phage-encoded protein RstB, are required for integration of pCTX into the chromosome a ...
... into the bacterial cytoplasm. (b) DNA complementary to the phage genome is synthesized to generate pCTX, the replicative (plasmid) form of CTX. (c) The chromosome-encoded recombinases XerC and XerD, along with the phage-encoded protein RstB, are required for integration of pCTX into the chromosome a ...
Intermolecular interaction studies in some amino acids with aqueous
... assumed to be valid in the present study, where w is the angular frequency. Thus the adiabatic compressibility obtained is equal to (β∞ + βrelax). With the rise in temperature β∞ increases due to the thermal expansion and βrelax decreases due to the thermal rupture of the ice-like structure. Thus th ...
... assumed to be valid in the present study, where w is the angular frequency. Thus the adiabatic compressibility obtained is equal to (β∞ + βrelax). With the rise in temperature β∞ increases due to the thermal expansion and βrelax decreases due to the thermal rupture of the ice-like structure. Thus th ...
Preferential expression of one P-tubulin gene during
... were probed with a mixture of a-tubulin-specific monoclonal antibody YL1/2 (Kilmartin et al., 1982) and 8-tubulin-specific monoclonal antibody KMX-I (Birkett et al., 1985). Reaction with the antibodies was detected using horseradish-peroxidase-conjugatedsecondary antibodies. The same filters to whic ...
... were probed with a mixture of a-tubulin-specific monoclonal antibody YL1/2 (Kilmartin et al., 1982) and 8-tubulin-specific monoclonal antibody KMX-I (Birkett et al., 1985). Reaction with the antibodies was detected using horseradish-peroxidase-conjugatedsecondary antibodies. The same filters to whic ...
HERE
... α-Amino acids that cannot undergo Transamination include: o Lysine, Threonine, Cyclic Imino acids: Proline and Hydroxyproline Transamination reactions are Reversible, therefore they can function in Amino Acid Catabolism and Biosynthesis Enzymes that catalyze Transamination reactions are called Trans ...
... α-Amino acids that cannot undergo Transamination include: o Lysine, Threonine, Cyclic Imino acids: Proline and Hydroxyproline Transamination reactions are Reversible, therefore they can function in Amino Acid Catabolism and Biosynthesis Enzymes that catalyze Transamination reactions are called Trans ...
Splicing regulation: a structural biology perspective
... involving a complicated network of RNA-RNA, RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. Mass spectrometric analyses of affinity-purified spliceosomal complexes indicate that the total number of spliceosome-associated factors is approximately 170 [1]. Among all the proteins involved in splicing, on ...
... involving a complicated network of RNA-RNA, RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. Mass spectrometric analyses of affinity-purified spliceosomal complexes indicate that the total number of spliceosome-associated factors is approximately 170 [1]. Among all the proteins involved in splicing, on ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.