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Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa)
Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa)

... A species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism, other than a bacterium or virus, that is wild by nature and is either native to Canada or has extended its range into Canada without human intervention and has been present in Can ...
Influence of migratory ungulate management on competitive
Influence of migratory ungulate management on competitive

... Protected areas are often seen as unaffected islands of high conservation value in humandominated landscapes. However, through borderless ecological processes (Bauer and Hoye 2014), management measures outside protected areas can influence organisms that are resident within them. For instance, a spe ...
The Art of Multiple Sequence Alignment in R - decipher
The Art of Multiple Sequence Alignment in R - decipher

... DNA, RNA, or amino acid (AA) sequences and returns a merged alignment. For more than two sequences, the function AlignSeqs will perform multiple sequence alignment in a progressive/iterative manner on sequences of the same kind. In this case, multiple alignment works by aligning two sequences, mergi ...
COMPETITION AND  MORPHOLOGICAL SIMILARITY:  THE  CASE ... THE  "SNAKE-LIKE"  LIZARDS ANGUIS  FRAGILIS  (ANGUIDAE) AND
COMPETITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL SIMILARITY: THE CASE ... THE "SNAKE-LIKE" LIZARDS ANGUIS FRAGILIS (ANGUIDAE) AND

... gence among reptiles (e.g. see Shine, 1 980), especially among Squamates (lizards and snakes). In most cases, convergence is shown by species living in allopatry (e.g. the Australian elapid snake Acanthophis antarcticus resembling viperid species of the old world, cf. Shine, 1 980), but there are al ...
Enigmatic decline of eastern kingsnakes
Enigmatic decline of eastern kingsnakes

... History. After thousands of snake captures and recaptures over the years, we have seen no evidence that our capture or processing methods negatively affect snake populations or animal health. Relative abundance.—Trapping effort was not always recorded, especially in earlier years. Therefore, we used ...
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic

... Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader ...
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic

... Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader ...
phylogenetic analysis of the rompb genes of rickettsia felis and
phylogenetic analysis of the rompb genes of rickettsia felis and

... One of the rickettsial major surface proteins has been referred to as rickettsial outer membrane protein B (rOmpB). The interest in this protein results from its major quantity and outer membrane location and the strong immune response observed after infection, suggesting an important yet undefined ...
Invasion of a stream food web by a new top predator
Invasion of a stream food web by a new top predator

Cloning and functional expression of invertebrate connexins from
Cloning and functional expression of invertebrate connexins from

... evolution can be traced from prokaryotes to humans [1–3]. Gap junction channels, which move aqueous solutes between cells, are a notable exception to this pattern. Deuterostome animals, including all vertebrates, utilize two unrelated families of gap junction genes, the connexins and the pannexins [ ...
Transcriptome analysis reveals unique C4
Transcriptome analysis reveals unique C4

... the form of neutral lipids [10]. In addition, carotenoids content increased as well under nitrogen starvation in Parietochloris incisa (synonym with M. incisa [11,12]) [13]. Thus, M. incisa may be a potential resource for both ArA and carotenoids exploitation. There are two pathways proposed in micr ...
Energy budget and ecological role of mangrove epibenthos in the
Energy budget and ecological role of mangrove epibenthos in the

... size classes from 0 to n, Gi = the mass specific growth rate (taken from Koch 1999) of size class i with mean mass wi, and fi = the mean number of specimens in that size class during time interval ∆t. (2) For Eurytium limosum the size-frequency method (Hynes & Coleman 1968, Hamilton 1969) was used a ...
An overview of studies on trophic ecology in the
An overview of studies on trophic ecology in the

... trophic levels have been identified in soft-bottom communities (Commito and Ambrose, 1985). Linkage density, the number of trophic links per species, once thought to be constant, is now known to increase with the number of species in the web (Cohen et al., 1990). The existence of gradients of trophi ...
Federal Concerns Regarding Hatchery Steelhead Spawning in the
Federal Concerns Regarding Hatchery Steelhead Spawning in the

The Canadian Seal Hunt: No Management and
The Canadian Seal Hunt: No Management and

... 1986-1995. In recent years, 4,000-6,000 hooded seals have been taken in native subsistence hunts in Greenland, with a further 100 or so in northern Canada. Icelandic hunters shoot an unknown number annually. ...
Environmental Science Chapter 8 Revision
Environmental Science Chapter 8 Revision

... 50. The diagrams above show four different types of interactions between species. An arrow pointing from one organism to another means that the first organism has an effect on the second organism. Label each diagram with the correct type of interaction. 51. The cardon and organ-pipe are flowering c ...
Mine area - Conservation Significant fauna and habitat
Mine area - Conservation Significant fauna and habitat

... Oakwood 2000). Both sexes mature at 11 months. Due to the discrete male cohorts that arise within populations, any factor that significantly increases mortality rates of female and juvenile Northern Quolls could cause rapid local extinction of quoll populations; if no juvenile males survive to adult ...
Rate of recovery of lichen-dominated tundra vegetation after
Rate of recovery of lichen-dominated tundra vegetation after

... characteristics to a certain extent (Khitun 1997), however, this is likely only in small-scale areas with limited extent of disturbances. Terrestrial ecosystems of the Yamal Peninsula were subjected to the impact of domestic reindeer for several decades: the reindeer husbandry was extensively develo ...
Predation, Size, and Composition of Planktons
Predation, Size, and Composition of Planktons

... of these interest span from how planktons can be used for food for humans to how they will influence global biogeochemical cycles in years to come. In the recent paper, “The first 25 years of Journal of Plankton Research: looking into the future”, Harris et al emphasized that plankton studies will c ...
Multiple Manner Transposons in Flatworms and Hydras Are Related
Multiple Manner Transposons in Flatworms and Hydras Are Related

... by less than 1%, and that no other examined species of Dugesia has similar sequences in its genome (Garcia-Fernandez et al. 1995). All of these observations suggest that this is an active mariner that recently entered the genome of this flatworm after its divergence from Its closest congeners, perha ...
Evolutionary Ecology of Weeds - Iowa State University Agronomy
Evolutionary Ecology of Weeds - Iowa State University Agronomy

... community behavior and change. Both perspectives must be understood in depth, and seen as an integrated whole, to fully understand agricultural weed communities. The conceptual limitations and intellectual liberations of both types of models are also a focus in this book. New for 2011. This new vers ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... inorganic substrate to organic nutrients is high, the obligate species tend to dominate over facultatively mixotrophic species [75,114,137]. Several factors can affect such competition but in general the obligate species exhibit much greater flexibility in responding to variable supplies of their inor ...
otters - the facts
otters - the facts

... Most otters live for three to four years in the wild, although they can live longer. Mortality is high among young animals looking to establish their own territories, particularly in areas with well established populations. The most common natural causes of death are likely to be starvation for youn ...
Blanchard`s Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi)
Blanchard`s Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi)

... Formerly recognized as a subspecies of the Northern Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans), the Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (A. blanchardi) is listed as Endangered on Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act. It is also listed as Endangered under Ontario’s Endangered Species Act, 2007 1 . It is a tiny member of t ...
Construction and validation of food webs using logic
Construction and validation of food webs using logic

... so-called sampling effect can arise due to an increased probability of including one species with atypically high productivity or efficient resource use, as the total species pool broadens (Fargione et al., 2007). The portfolio effect (Tilman et al., 1998) hypothesises that conditions that are bad f ...
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Molecular ecology

Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many questions in behavioral ecology). It is virtually synonymous with the field of ""Ecological Genetics"" as pioneered by Theodosius Dobzhansky, E. B. Ford, Godfrey M. Hewitt and others. These fields are united in their attempt to study genetic-based questions ""out in the field"" as opposed to the laboratory. Molecular ecology is related to the field of Conservation genetics.Methods frequently include using microsatellites to determine gene flow and hybridization between populations. The development of molecular ecology is also closely related to the use of DNA microarrays, which allows for the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of different genes. Quantitative PCR may also be used to analyze gene expression as a result of changes in environmental conditions or different response by differently adapted individuals.
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