POPULATION ECOLOGY
... itero, to repeat), and it is common in most vertebrates, perennial plants, and trees. Among iteroparous organisms there is much variation in the number of clutches and in the number of offspring per clutch. Many species, such as temperate birds or temperate forest trees, have distinct breeding seaso ...
... itero, to repeat), and it is common in most vertebrates, perennial plants, and trees. Among iteroparous organisms there is much variation in the number of clutches and in the number of offspring per clutch. Many species, such as temperate birds or temperate forest trees, have distinct breeding seaso ...
The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation
... of reliable data. Research into amphibian declines has focused on: (1) documentation at the landscape or population level; and (2) observational and experimental work on potential causes of declines. Although loss of habitat is known to have impacted amphibians for decades, recent research has focus ...
... of reliable data. Research into amphibian declines has focused on: (1) documentation at the landscape or population level; and (2) observational and experimental work on potential causes of declines. Although loss of habitat is known to have impacted amphibians for decades, recent research has focus ...
Can the pre-Neolithic provide suitable models for re
... Species associated with grassland and other components of ‘open habitats’ occurred but were rare in the mid-Holocene, suggesting that there were open areas but that such habitats formed a limited part of the overall landscape. However, open-habitat species do become more common at the time that Neol ...
... Species associated with grassland and other components of ‘open habitats’ occurred but were rare in the mid-Holocene, suggesting that there were open areas but that such habitats formed a limited part of the overall landscape. However, open-habitat species do become more common at the time that Neol ...
Plant ecotype affects interacting organisms across multiple trophic
... ran a generalized linear model with quasibinomial error that tested for the effects of garden, ecotype and their interaction, on the proportion of flower heads with presence of herbivores or feeding traces. Second, we analyzed the occurrence of individual herbivore species within each garden, using ...
... ran a generalized linear model with quasibinomial error that tested for the effects of garden, ecotype and their interaction, on the proportion of flower heads with presence of herbivores or feeding traces. Second, we analyzed the occurrence of individual herbivore species within each garden, using ...
Favourable Conservation Status of the European pond turtle Emys
... about 20 individuals (> 16 adults, at least 2 subadults, no juveniles) Danger: isolation, silting up of main pond, big lack of ponds and nesting sites, forest management, high nest predation rate ...
... about 20 individuals (> 16 adults, at least 2 subadults, no juveniles) Danger: isolation, silting up of main pond, big lack of ponds and nesting sites, forest management, high nest predation rate ...
Apparent competition with an invasive plant hastens the extinction of
... Key words: Ammophila arenaria; apparent competition; biotic homogenization; coastal dune ecosystems; life-table response experiment; Lupinus tidestromii; matrix population model; Point Reyes National Seashore, northern California, USA; Peromyscus maniculatus; population viability analysis; predisper ...
... Key words: Ammophila arenaria; apparent competition; biotic homogenization; coastal dune ecosystems; life-table response experiment; Lupinus tidestromii; matrix population model; Point Reyes National Seashore, northern California, USA; Peromyscus maniculatus; population viability analysis; predisper ...
Introduction to EwE Ecopath with Ecosim
... • Definition of P: ΔB = Production - Mortality • This means Production= ΔB + Mortality • If the initial B’s are assumed to be near an “equilibrium” (B’s changing slowly), ΔB=0 and Production=Mortality • If we express production and mortality as specific rates x biomasses, this means PBxB=ZB, i.e. PB ...
... • Definition of P: ΔB = Production - Mortality • This means Production= ΔB + Mortality • If the initial B’s are assumed to be near an “equilibrium” (B’s changing slowly), ΔB=0 and Production=Mortality • If we express production and mortality as specific rates x biomasses, this means PBxB=ZB, i.e. PB ...
REVISED COURSE STRUCTURE FOR M.Sc. BOTANY, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY,
... blue and neutral red. 2. Isolation and purification of nuclei and their staining with Feulgen stain or DAPI. 3. Isolation of mitochondria and their visualization with Janus green B and mitotracker. 4. Isolation of chloroplasts and determination of number of chlorophyll molecules per chloroplast. 5. ...
... blue and neutral red. 2. Isolation and purification of nuclei and their staining with Feulgen stain or DAPI. 3. Isolation of mitochondria and their visualization with Janus green B and mitotracker. 4. Isolation of chloroplasts and determination of number of chlorophyll molecules per chloroplast. 5. ...
Chapter 8 – Marine Fauna - Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists
... Econds for the two species of marine fauna in the Eyre Peninsula and SEQ Catchments regions were based on a single indicator condition score. Single indicators of marine fauna (dugong numbers and whale female-calf pairs) are an appropriate measure of condition because they are based on an actual sur ...
... Econds for the two species of marine fauna in the Eyre Peninsula and SEQ Catchments regions were based on a single indicator condition score. Single indicators of marine fauna (dugong numbers and whale female-calf pairs) are an appropriate measure of condition because they are based on an actual sur ...
Document
... mammals at medium and long-term, including some species of canids such as maned wolf, is essential in the recovery of degraded or fragmented areas. The population model created for Brazil by the Maned Wolf Action Plan (Paula, Medici and Morato 2008) suggests the major threats to the species lie in a ...
... mammals at medium and long-term, including some species of canids such as maned wolf, is essential in the recovery of degraded or fragmented areas. The population model created for Brazil by the Maned Wolf Action Plan (Paula, Medici and Morato 2008) suggests the major threats to the species lie in a ...
The Implications of Niche Construction and Ecosystem
... and colleagues (2003) state,“Conservation efforts may be most effective if they ensure the survival of the key engineers in an ecosystem” (p. 384). These suggestions raise three questions: (1) What conservation strategies are currently being implemented? (2) To what extent are they effective? (3) Co ...
... and colleagues (2003) state,“Conservation efforts may be most effective if they ensure the survival of the key engineers in an ecosystem” (p. 384). These suggestions raise three questions: (1) What conservation strategies are currently being implemented? (2) To what extent are they effective? (3) Co ...
18 Parental Care and Nesting
... • Parental care should be proportional to probability offspring are yours. • Females can be quite confident of maternity – Males (when females mate multiply) are less confident of paternity. ...
... • Parental care should be proportional to probability offspring are yours. • Females can be quite confident of maternity – Males (when females mate multiply) are less confident of paternity. ...
The fusion of behavioral ecology and ecology
... of mates, food obtained, or a more direct measure such as number of offspring. We look for the correspondence between variation in behavior and variation in outcome. The bird that fights harder gets to mate more often than less belligerent birds. The wild dog that hunts with others gets more food th ...
... of mates, food obtained, or a more direct measure such as number of offspring. We look for the correspondence between variation in behavior and variation in outcome. The bird that fights harder gets to mate more often than less belligerent birds. The wild dog that hunts with others gets more food th ...
Successful Invasion of a Food Web in a Chemostat
... populations but only m of them have at least one predator. For example, in the food web in Figure 2 there are n = 3 competitors, but only m = 2 of them have at least one predator population. ‘I’= { i,, i, } = { 1,3}. Also, r,, indicates how many predators the i,th competitor has. In Figure 2, compet ...
... populations but only m of them have at least one predator. For example, in the food web in Figure 2 there are n = 3 competitors, but only m = 2 of them have at least one predator population. ‘I’= { i,, i, } = { 1,3}. Also, r,, indicates how many predators the i,th competitor has. In Figure 2, compet ...
Biological Diversity
... The big question about biological diversity is: How did it all come about? This is a question people have asked as long as they have written. Before modern science, the diversity of life and the adaptations ofliving things to their environment seemed too amazing to have come about by chance. The onl ...
... The big question about biological diversity is: How did it all come about? This is a question people have asked as long as they have written. Before modern science, the diversity of life and the adaptations ofliving things to their environment seemed too amazing to have come about by chance. The onl ...
Ecology Connections 5. GUILDS One reason ecologists study
... Populations within a guild may be from closely related taxonomic groups, such as the five bird species in the above example. Alternatively, populations within a guild may be from diverse taxonomic groups, such as the granivorous guild discussed in Research Connection 1. This guild consisted of three ...
... Populations within a guild may be from closely related taxonomic groups, such as the five bird species in the above example. Alternatively, populations within a guild may be from diverse taxonomic groups, such as the granivorous guild discussed in Research Connection 1. This guild consisted of three ...
Parasites that change predator or prey behaviour can have keystone
... There is an increasing realization that parasitism can play as pivotal a role as predation in structuring biological communities, often via indirect interactions with non-host species [1,2]. Indirect interactions occur when the impact of one species on another affects populations of a third species; ...
... There is an increasing realization that parasitism can play as pivotal a role as predation in structuring biological communities, often via indirect interactions with non-host species [1,2]. Indirect interactions occur when the impact of one species on another affects populations of a third species; ...
A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from
... missing values and to situations in which there are more species than traits, although the authors had suggested a way to extend their framework to other trait types. The main purpose of this note is to further develop this suggestion. We describe a highly flexible distance-based framework to measure ...
... missing values and to situations in which there are more species than traits, although the authors had suggested a way to extend their framework to other trait types. The main purpose of this note is to further develop this suggestion. We describe a highly flexible distance-based framework to measure ...
Section 2 notes
... Instead of competing for similar resources, species usually divide them. For example, the three species of North American warblers shown all live in the same trees and feed on insects. But one species feeds on high branches; another feeds on low branches, and another feeds in the middle. ...
... Instead of competing for similar resources, species usually divide them. For example, the three species of North American warblers shown all live in the same trees and feed on insects. But one species feeds on high branches; another feeds on low branches, and another feeds in the middle. ...
The paradox of energy equivalence
... more explicit about their assumptions. A good example is how individual energy requirements are estimated: most studies use basal metabolic rates, rather than field rates (which scale more steeply; Nagy, 2005). Many studies approximate metabolic rates as M3/4 (Ernest et al., 2008, 2009): this is rea ...
... more explicit about their assumptions. A good example is how individual energy requirements are estimated: most studies use basal metabolic rates, rather than field rates (which scale more steeply; Nagy, 2005). Many studies approximate metabolic rates as M3/4 (Ernest et al., 2008, 2009): this is rea ...
Population structure and species dynamics of Spisula
... clam dredge fishery takes place (Gaspar and Monteiro, 1999; Gaspar et al., 1999; Chı́charo et al., 2002a,b; Palma et al., 2003). The dredges are designed to dig clams out of the sediment, disturbing the seabed both in terms of physical structure and biological communities (Gaspar et al., 2003). Besi ...
... clam dredge fishery takes place (Gaspar and Monteiro, 1999; Gaspar et al., 1999; Chı́charo et al., 2002a,b; Palma et al., 2003). The dredges are designed to dig clams out of the sediment, disturbing the seabed both in terms of physical structure and biological communities (Gaspar et al., 2003). Besi ...