The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous
... conparison between species because the proportional division of the codon table into the two categories may differ; e.g., Ikemura (1) identified 21 optimal codons for 14 amino acids in E.coll. and 19 optimal codons for 13 amino acids in yeast. Gribskov et al. (10) have recently proposed another inde ...
... conparison between species because the proportional division of the codon table into the two categories may differ; e.g., Ikemura (1) identified 21 optimal codons for 14 amino acids in E.coll. and 19 optimal codons for 13 amino acids in yeast. Gribskov et al. (10) have recently proposed another inde ...
Bottom-up and top-down processes in African ungulate communities
... The biomasses of both lions and ungulates in the Ngorongoro Crater were considerably higher than in the other areas; this point is an outlier and has therefore been removed from all our numerical responses. The abundance of lions increased with the biomass of mesoherbivores: the best model was a lin ...
... The biomasses of both lions and ungulates in the Ngorongoro Crater were considerably higher than in the other areas; this point is an outlier and has therefore been removed from all our numerical responses. The abundance of lions increased with the biomass of mesoherbivores: the best model was a lin ...
paper
... longevity of individuals. By influencing population structure, it may thus decrease the significance of drift and potentially increase the longevity of species, independent of any direct selection. Third, through ecological spillovers that occur in the process of modifying their own niches, organism ...
... longevity of individuals. By influencing population structure, it may thus decrease the significance of drift and potentially increase the longevity of species, independent of any direct selection. Third, through ecological spillovers that occur in the process of modifying their own niches, organism ...
Nucleotide sequence of the thioredoxin gene from
... the sequence of another Sau3A fragment (Fig. 2) from the thioredoxin gene~ a 15-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide was synthesized (Table 1) for use as a primer in the sequence analysis. The isolated 3-kb fragment was used as template in direct dideoxy sequence analysis after heat-induced strand separatio ...
... the sequence of another Sau3A fragment (Fig. 2) from the thioredoxin gene~ a 15-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide was synthesized (Table 1) for use as a primer in the sequence analysis. The isolated 3-kb fragment was used as template in direct dideoxy sequence analysis after heat-induced strand separatio ...
Changing Gears—Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors
... By the end of class today, you will be able to: distinguish the difference between biotic and abiotic factors and the role they play in environmental communities to identify the 4 mains parts of energy flow through an ecosystem ...
... By the end of class today, you will be able to: distinguish the difference between biotic and abiotic factors and the role they play in environmental communities to identify the 4 mains parts of energy flow through an ecosystem ...
DOC. SC37-29 - The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
... provide excellent indicators by which to evaluate progress towards achievement of the 2010 target established by world leaders in 2002, and to this end Call on the Conventions on Migratory Species, Biological Diversity and Wetlands, and other international agreements to work together and with other ...
... provide excellent indicators by which to evaluate progress towards achievement of the 2010 target established by world leaders in 2002, and to this end Call on the Conventions on Migratory Species, Biological Diversity and Wetlands, and other international agreements to work together and with other ...
Viewing invasive species removal in a whole
... species, the removal of the exotic top predator could lead to net negative impacts on native populations of conservation value18. For example, exotic cats on Stewart Island, New Zealand, prey upon the kakapo Strigops habroptilus, an endangered flightless parrot. However, the diet of the cats consist ...
... species, the removal of the exotic top predator could lead to net negative impacts on native populations of conservation value18. For example, exotic cats on Stewart Island, New Zealand, prey upon the kakapo Strigops habroptilus, an endangered flightless parrot. However, the diet of the cats consist ...
Organelle origins: Energy-producing symbionts
... If mitochondria and hydrogenosomes have a common evolutionary history, the genes encoding their Hsps should be phylogenetically related. The presence of mitochondrionlike Hsp genes in deeper branches of the eukaryotic tree would provide presumptive evidence that the earliest diverging eukaryotes had ...
... If mitochondria and hydrogenosomes have a common evolutionary history, the genes encoding their Hsps should be phylogenetically related. The presence of mitochondrionlike Hsp genes in deeper branches of the eukaryotic tree would provide presumptive evidence that the earliest diverging eukaryotes had ...
Torquay 2010 - Australasian Wildlife Management Society
... This volume is a pre-conference compilation of abstracts. The contents have not been peer-reviewed and abstracts have been printed as received from submitting authors except for minor editing. In many cases the contents contain preliminary results only. Any advice provided in this publication is int ...
... This volume is a pre-conference compilation of abstracts. The contents have not been peer-reviewed and abstracts have been printed as received from submitting authors except for minor editing. In many cases the contents contain preliminary results only. Any advice provided in this publication is int ...
Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana)
... population is probably at least 10,000 individuals, but much uncertainly is associated with this number and it could be much larger. However, it is almost certain that populations fluctuate greatly in size; the population at its lowest ebb may well fall below the 10,000 individual threshold. Most br ...
... population is probably at least 10,000 individuals, but much uncertainly is associated with this number and it could be much larger. However, it is almost certain that populations fluctuate greatly in size; the population at its lowest ebb may well fall below the 10,000 individual threshold. Most br ...
Ecosystems in Action: Lessons from Marine Ecology about Recovery
... This information can have strong management implications, because it may signal the range of likely impacts from a given environmental change and inform choices among different management strategies. Unfortunately, however, information about ecological recovery is often incomplete or indirect. The b ...
... This information can have strong management implications, because it may signal the range of likely impacts from a given environmental change and inform choices among different management strategies. Unfortunately, however, information about ecological recovery is often incomplete or indirect. The b ...
Dominica Schools Booklet 2016
... competing for the same habitats and thermal environments. Reptiles, especially small lizards like anoles, require quite specific thermal niches (temperature ranges) in order to maintain their preferred body temperature. If two species are in competition for areas of habitat with the same thermal pro ...
... competing for the same habitats and thermal environments. Reptiles, especially small lizards like anoles, require quite specific thermal niches (temperature ranges) in order to maintain their preferred body temperature. If two species are in competition for areas of habitat with the same thermal pro ...
Ecological Character Displacement in Adaptive Radiation
... the most important future direction of research. The “predictive” approach uses optimality or evolutionary models to generate quantitative expectations of mean phenotypes under character displacement and compares them with expectations from other models that do not include competition. The approach ...
... the most important future direction of research. The “predictive” approach uses optimality or evolutionary models to generate quantitative expectations of mean phenotypes under character displacement and compares them with expectations from other models that do not include competition. The approach ...
Frontiers in Polar Biology - Division on Earth and Life Studies
... marine waters and ice-covered lakes occurs when microorganisms build communities on sedimentary particles. The individuals within these communities are thought to interact closely with one another, where the presence of one species enhances the activity of the other. (See Figures 1 and 2). Potential ...
... marine waters and ice-covered lakes occurs when microorganisms build communities on sedimentary particles. The individuals within these communities are thought to interact closely with one another, where the presence of one species enhances the activity of the other. (See Figures 1 and 2). Potential ...
- Wiley Online Library
... species range boundaries, some range limits might develop from factors and processes that prevent adaptation to stressful environments. Here, we determined whether an ecological cost of plant defense involving stress associated with changes in the local plant community may contribute to range limit ...
... species range boundaries, some range limits might develop from factors and processes that prevent adaptation to stressful environments. Here, we determined whether an ecological cost of plant defense involving stress associated with changes in the local plant community may contribute to range limit ...
Traits underpinning desiccation resistance explain distribution
... authors’ expert knowledge of the local environmental conditions. We are aware that this is only an approximate categorization of water availability. However, we believe that the classification of the sites into three levels of water availability should provide sufficient resolution to test whether t ...
... authors’ expert knowledge of the local environmental conditions. We are aware that this is only an approximate categorization of water availability. However, we believe that the classification of the sites into three levels of water availability should provide sufficient resolution to test whether t ...
desert bighorn sheep of new mexico
... The goal of the PHVA is to assist the recovery of New Mexico’s desert bighorn sheep. Agency representatives, researchers, sportsmen, landowners and other interested parties are invited to collaboratively analyze the available information (much of which will be gathered before the workshop) and devel ...
... The goal of the PHVA is to assist the recovery of New Mexico’s desert bighorn sheep. Agency representatives, researchers, sportsmen, landowners and other interested parties are invited to collaboratively analyze the available information (much of which will be gathered before the workshop) and devel ...
Marzluff__Rodewald_formatted _Nov 18-2
... colonization of urban areas by purposefully or accidentally introducing species foreign to the locale. Together colonization, persistence, and extinction sum to determine how aspects of a community (its richness, balance, and uniqueness) vary along a gradient of urbanization (Marzluff 2005). For exa ...
... colonization of urban areas by purposefully or accidentally introducing species foreign to the locale. Together colonization, persistence, and extinction sum to determine how aspects of a community (its richness, balance, and uniqueness) vary along a gradient of urbanization (Marzluff 2005). For exa ...
Reprint
... describe apply explicitly to a system of pure-breeding clones, but it will be seen that a model used in quantitative genetics has many of the same features. Our approach also departs from single-species evolutionary game theory in being based on density in addition to frequency of different phenotype ...
... describe apply explicitly to a system of pure-breeding clones, but it will be seen that a model used in quantitative genetics has many of the same features. Our approach also departs from single-species evolutionary game theory in being based on density in addition to frequency of different phenotype ...
English version
... This is not an exhaustive listing of programmes, contributions or initiatives by state, private sector , NGOs or CBOs. It does however illustrate productive initiatives in participatory management and the increasing concern for biodiversity and environmental matters by all sectors of the society. Th ...
... This is not an exhaustive listing of programmes, contributions or initiatives by state, private sector , NGOs or CBOs. It does however illustrate productive initiatives in participatory management and the increasing concern for biodiversity and environmental matters by all sectors of the society. Th ...
Red swamp crayfish Scientific name: Procambarus clarkii
... flowing water. Tolerant of low oxygen and can be found in most habitat types in sluggish streams and lentic situations (NatureServe 2010). In cool regions of Europe, it prefers small permanent ponds. The red swamp crayfish is able to tolerate dry periods of up to four months (Global Invasive ...
... flowing water. Tolerant of low oxygen and can be found in most habitat types in sluggish streams and lentic situations (NatureServe 2010). In cool regions of Europe, it prefers small permanent ponds. The red swamp crayfish is able to tolerate dry periods of up to four months (Global Invasive ...
Action Statement
... vulnerable to catastrophes such as wildfire and disease. In its final recommendation the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC 1994) determined that the Hooded Scaly-foot is: ...
... vulnerable to catastrophes such as wildfire and disease. In its final recommendation the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC 1994) determined that the Hooded Scaly-foot is: ...
Hooded Scaly-foot (Pygopus nigriceps)
... vulnerable to catastrophes such as wildfire and disease. In its final recommendation the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC 1994) determined that the Hooded Scaly-foot is: ...
... vulnerable to catastrophes such as wildfire and disease. In its final recommendation the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC 1994) determined that the Hooded Scaly-foot is: ...
GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF THE BARNACLE BALANUS
... Vernier calipers. This measurement (hereafter referred to as orifice length) is easy to obtain in the field and is also less variable than the basal diameter, which is frequently affected by contact with other individuals or substratum microtopography. G r o w t h . - T h r e e cohorts recruited dur ...
... Vernier calipers. This measurement (hereafter referred to as orifice length) is easy to obtain in the field and is also less variable than the basal diameter, which is frequently affected by contact with other individuals or substratum microtopography. G r o w t h . - T h r e e cohorts recruited dur ...