threatened biodiversity: understanding, predicting, taking action
... phere. Instead, life organization is shaped by the process of natural selection. First of all, mutation is anyway quite infrequent, because of genome stability, and many mutations are deleterious. Of the nondeleterious ones just a few can pass through the sieve of natural selection, which favors tho ...
... phere. Instead, life organization is shaped by the process of natural selection. First of all, mutation is anyway quite infrequent, because of genome stability, and many mutations are deleterious. Of the nondeleterious ones just a few can pass through the sieve of natural selection, which favors tho ...
2014-Ecology in the Methow
... and leaves. If there was no life present, the sun would simply warm the rocks and then be radiated back into space as heat. The almost magical aspect of ecosystems is that a complex community of thousands of species and billions of individuals can develop on a once barren spot—but no more energy arr ...
... and leaves. If there was no life present, the sun would simply warm the rocks and then be radiated back into space as heat. The almost magical aspect of ecosystems is that a complex community of thousands of species and billions of individuals can develop on a once barren spot—but no more energy arr ...
No Slide Title
... Carrying Capacity - the number of individuals of a given species that can be sustained indefinitely in a given area ...
... Carrying Capacity - the number of individuals of a given species that can be sustained indefinitely in a given area ...
Arctic lemmings: keystone species in a changing environment.
... will help to provide the insights Canadians and other people need in order to understand the vastness, fragility and global significance of Canada’s North and the rapidity with which it is changing.” – Douglas Morris ...
... will help to provide the insights Canadians and other people need in order to understand the vastness, fragility and global significance of Canada’s North and the rapidity with which it is changing.” – Douglas Morris ...
Soft-bottom intertidal ecosystems shaped by ecosystem engineers
... to modify predatory impact among other species (e.g. Farina et al. 2009; Ransom 2011; chapter 4 & 6). In addition, ecosystem engineering and trophic processes can also be closely related when a single species act as a predator and an engineer simultaneously (e.g. Wilby et al. 2001; Sanders and van V ...
... to modify predatory impact among other species (e.g. Farina et al. 2009; Ransom 2011; chapter 4 & 6). In addition, ecosystem engineering and trophic processes can also be closely related when a single species act as a predator and an engineer simultaneously (e.g. Wilby et al. 2001; Sanders and van V ...
Zooplankton Notes
... Optimal Ingestion Rates depend on a number of factors: 1) Temperature (metabolic activity) 2) Gut Clearance Rate (how fast the food is metabolized) 3) Prey preference (is it nutritionally valuable?) To measure zooplankton grazing, we can look at the processes of interest: we want to estimate clearan ...
... Optimal Ingestion Rates depend on a number of factors: 1) Temperature (metabolic activity) 2) Gut Clearance Rate (how fast the food is metabolized) 3) Prey preference (is it nutritionally valuable?) To measure zooplankton grazing, we can look at the processes of interest: we want to estimate clearan ...
Undetected Species Losses, Food Webs, and
... and Yellowstone, and reductions elsewhere, are likely to facilitate increased predation on ungulate neonates, at least in localized settings, prey-predator relationships are dynamic across space and time. If the loss of wolves promotes coyote numbers, then a top-down effect on fawn survival may be p ...
... and Yellowstone, and reductions elsewhere, are likely to facilitate increased predation on ungulate neonates, at least in localized settings, prey-predator relationships are dynamic across space and time. If the loss of wolves promotes coyote numbers, then a top-down effect on fawn survival may be p ...
Chapter 1 of the Student Edition
... You have undoubtedly studied biology and know that biologists are concerned with living things such as plants, animals, and bacteria. Some of you also may have studied Earth science, chemistry, or physics, all of which are referred to as physical sciences and focus on the nonliving parts of our envi ...
... You have undoubtedly studied biology and know that biologists are concerned with living things such as plants, animals, and bacteria. Some of you also may have studied Earth science, chemistry, or physics, all of which are referred to as physical sciences and focus on the nonliving parts of our envi ...
Global Population Dynamics and Hot Spots of Response to Climate
... the roles of interacting species on patterns of response to climate change. In a second step, where population dynamics of multiple interacting species are known, we extend these time-series approaches to include dynamic interactions that provide an approach to identify the species interactions behi ...
... the roles of interacting species on patterns of response to climate change. In a second step, where population dynamics of multiple interacting species are known, we extend these time-series approaches to include dynamic interactions that provide an approach to identify the species interactions behi ...
Island Biogeography - University of Windsor
... Lomolino MV 1984 Mammalian island biogeography: effects of area, isolation, and vagility. Oceologia, 61, 376-382 Lomolino MV 1984 Immigrant selection, predation, and the distribution of Microtus pennsylvanicus and Blarina brevicauda on islands. The American Naturalist, 123, 468-483 Gittenberger E 19 ...
... Lomolino MV 1984 Mammalian island biogeography: effects of area, isolation, and vagility. Oceologia, 61, 376-382 Lomolino MV 1984 Immigrant selection, predation, and the distribution of Microtus pennsylvanicus and Blarina brevicauda on islands. The American Naturalist, 123, 468-483 Gittenberger E 19 ...
Chapter 3 Populations and interactions
... Causes of succession Succession is complex and the process differs in different situations: the events after a woodland fire are not the same as those after a receding glacier. Long-term weather conditions (climatic factors) are important in all cases of succession, as is the presence of different p ...
... Causes of succession Succession is complex and the process differs in different situations: the events after a woodland fire are not the same as those after a receding glacier. Long-term weather conditions (climatic factors) are important in all cases of succession, as is the presence of different p ...
Forest Restoration Ecology - College of Tropical Agriculture and
... • In many cases, ecosystems have been pushed beyond the point of spontaneous recovery – Necessitates anything from active outplanting to removal of invasive species to major topographic work – Typically involves more than a single treatment or activity in time → long-term commitment of resources ...
... • In many cases, ecosystems have been pushed beyond the point of spontaneous recovery – Necessitates anything from active outplanting to removal of invasive species to major topographic work – Typically involves more than a single treatment or activity in time → long-term commitment of resources ...
Compensation masks trophic cascades in complex food
... which point a top generalist predator invaded the food web. We assumed that the predator was an efficient generalist, with a fixed body mass consistent with a large secondary consumer (Mpredator = Z 2.5 ) and a scaled attack rate twice that of other species in the system. We note that the augmented pr ...
... which point a top generalist predator invaded the food web. We assumed that the predator was an efficient generalist, with a fixed body mass consistent with a large secondary consumer (Mpredator = Z 2.5 ) and a scaled attack rate twice that of other species in the system. We note that the augmented pr ...
File
... the same amount of water, the same number of seeds, and the same type of seeds. He grows the seeds for two months and charts the growth every 2 days. What is wrong with his experiment – the biggest problem? A. More than one variable is being tested. C. There is no way of measuring the outcome. B. Th ...
... the same amount of water, the same number of seeds, and the same type of seeds. He grows the seeds for two months and charts the growth every 2 days. What is wrong with his experiment – the biggest problem? A. More than one variable is being tested. C. There is no way of measuring the outcome. B. Th ...
ppt
... can, given human will, recover from very major perturbations [a.k.a. disturbances] on timescales of decades to half-centuries.” “The message of our paper is that recovery is possible and can be rapid for many ecosystems, giving much hope for humankind to transition to sustainable management of globa ...
... can, given human will, recover from very major perturbations [a.k.a. disturbances] on timescales of decades to half-centuries.” “The message of our paper is that recovery is possible and can be rapid for many ecosystems, giving much hope for humankind to transition to sustainable management of globa ...
Davis.20.3.Sep_.09
... and nature as the master text for human society. Ecologists have rejected reading social structures into nature, so it would also behoove us not to automatically read nature into human society. However, it is impossible to read nature objectively with educated bourgeois tools. A good example of how ...
... and nature as the master text for human society. Ecologists have rejected reading social structures into nature, so it would also behoove us not to automatically read nature into human society. However, it is impossible to read nature objectively with educated bourgeois tools. A good example of how ...
Ecology, Second Edition
... thereby causing communities to change. 293 Ecological Effects of Parasites 293 CONCEPT 13.5 Simple models of host–pathogen dynamics suggest ways to control the establishment and spread of diseases. 297 Dynamics and Spread of Diseases 297 A CASE STUDY REVISITED Enslaver Parasites ...
... thereby causing communities to change. 293 Ecological Effects of Parasites 293 CONCEPT 13.5 Simple models of host–pathogen dynamics suggest ways to control the establishment and spread of diseases. 297 Dynamics and Spread of Diseases 297 A CASE STUDY REVISITED Enslaver Parasites ...
Developing Confidence in the Creator God in the University
... much effect on underground water. Therefore, we must look for another source of energy. That energy could have come from the heat generated by radioactivity under the earth's crust (a molten mantle) plus the gravitational energy of the moon and sun. The point to be made here is that if we come to sc ...
... much effect on underground water. Therefore, we must look for another source of energy. That energy could have come from the heat generated by radioactivity under the earth's crust (a molten mantle) plus the gravitational energy of the moon and sun. The point to be made here is that if we come to sc ...
Alternative conceptual approaches for assessing ecological impact
... Individual organism/species‐based frameworks do not address ecosystems Interactions between species and indirect effects not considered Non‐linear responses, emergent properties, resilience, etc…, not addressed Effects at ecosystem level cannot be predicted/extrapolated from effects at indivi ...
... Individual organism/species‐based frameworks do not address ecosystems Interactions between species and indirect effects not considered Non‐linear responses, emergent properties, resilience, etc…, not addressed Effects at ecosystem level cannot be predicted/extrapolated from effects at indivi ...
drosophila - O`Grady Lab
... and the coincident elevation in temperature over the past ∼. million years have led to the break-up of these plant and animal communities and their restriction to higher elevations. Present-day mountaintops in this region are characterized by cooler, more mesic habitats than are the surrounding ar ...
... and the coincident elevation in temperature over the past ∼. million years have led to the break-up of these plant and animal communities and their restriction to higher elevations. Present-day mountaintops in this region are characterized by cooler, more mesic habitats than are the surrounding ar ...
Indicator Fact Sheet - European Environment Agency
... waste at sea. Dumping of waste fishing gear in particular can cause high mortality in non-target species through ghost fishing and ingestion of fragments. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (The Bonn Convention) aims for favourable conservation status of migrator ...
... waste at sea. Dumping of waste fishing gear in particular can cause high mortality in non-target species through ghost fishing and ingestion of fragments. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (The Bonn Convention) aims for favourable conservation status of migrator ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.