THREE POSSIBILE MODELS FOR REPLICATION
... • cloverleaf-like secondary structure folds into L shape • brings amino acids to ribosome • attaches amino acids in proper place • ANTICODON region matches codon on mRNA AMINOACYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE enzyme attaches a specific amino acid using energy from ATP ...
... • cloverleaf-like secondary structure folds into L shape • brings amino acids to ribosome • attaches amino acids in proper place • ANTICODON region matches codon on mRNA AMINOACYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE enzyme attaches a specific amino acid using energy from ATP ...
Quiz 7
... 1. Which of the following are typical of both mitosis and of the first division of meiosis? a) The genetic material in the nucleus is duplicated prior to division; b) Spindle fibers form; c) Two nuclei form as a result of the division; d) None of the above; e) a,b,c are true 2. At the end of Telopha ...
... 1. Which of the following are typical of both mitosis and of the first division of meiosis? a) The genetic material in the nucleus is duplicated prior to division; b) Spindle fibers form; c) Two nuclei form as a result of the division; d) None of the above; e) a,b,c are true 2. At the end of Telopha ...
Nutritional biochemistry
... Life can be sustained without food for a longer time than without water. In human the water content varies between 45-65% of the total body weight, it depends on the age, sex and gross body weight About 55% of water is localized inside the cells and about 45% is extracellular fluid (ECF). ECF consis ...
... Life can be sustained without food for a longer time than without water. In human the water content varies between 45-65% of the total body weight, it depends on the age, sex and gross body weight About 55% of water is localized inside the cells and about 45% is extracellular fluid (ECF). ECF consis ...
Translation
... • Energetic of translation - The energy cost for protein synthesis is high. - The total energy required for synthesizing a protein of N residues. 2N ATPs are required to charge tRNAs 1 GTP is needed for initiation. N –1 GTPs are needed to form N –1 peptide bonds N –1 GTPs are needed to form N –1 tr ...
... • Energetic of translation - The energy cost for protein synthesis is high. - The total energy required for synthesizing a protein of N residues. 2N ATPs are required to charge tRNAs 1 GTP is needed for initiation. N –1 GTPs are needed to form N –1 peptide bonds N –1 GTPs are needed to form N –1 tr ...
2001 AP Biology Scoring Guidelines - AP Central
... 1 point amino acids contain amino, carboxyl and R groups or correct structural formula showing amino, carboxyl, and R group attached to central carbon or proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen 1 point R group determines the identity/properties of the amino acid Elaboration 1 ...
... 1 point amino acids contain amino, carboxyl and R groups or correct structural formula showing amino, carboxyl, and R group attached to central carbon or proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen 1 point R group determines the identity/properties of the amino acid Elaboration 1 ...
Translation
... • The Mechanism of Translation -The pathway of protein synthesis is called translation. -Because the language of nucleotides of the mRNA is transcripted into amino acid language. - The mRNA is translated in 5’ 3’ direction producing polypeptide from it’s amino terminal end to its carboxylic termi ...
... • The Mechanism of Translation -The pathway of protein synthesis is called translation. -Because the language of nucleotides of the mRNA is transcripted into amino acid language. - The mRNA is translated in 5’ 3’ direction producing polypeptide from it’s amino terminal end to its carboxylic termi ...
Document
... Identification of Oxidase Negative Gram Negative Rods • MacConkey – Selective and differential medium – Prevents growth of Gram + – Lactose fermentation • Pink colonies ...
... Identification of Oxidase Negative Gram Negative Rods • MacConkey – Selective and differential medium – Prevents growth of Gram + – Lactose fermentation • Pink colonies ...
Mutations Worksheet
... There are several types of mutation: DELETION (a base is lost) INSERTION (an extra base is inserted) Deletion and insertion may cause what’s called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading “frame” changes, changing the amino acid sequence. SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another) If a substitutio ...
... There are several types of mutation: DELETION (a base is lost) INSERTION (an extra base is inserted) Deletion and insertion may cause what’s called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading “frame” changes, changing the amino acid sequence. SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another) If a substitutio ...
Chem 410 Chapter 11: Polyprotic Acids and Bases Part 1 How
... But these amino acid zwitterions are salts, actually internal salts. So they will have many physical properties in common with salts. So they are crystals with high melting points, are highly water soluble (but low solubilities in organic compounds), and they have large dipole moments. If in the ami ...
... But these amino acid zwitterions are salts, actually internal salts. So they will have many physical properties in common with salts. So they are crystals with high melting points, are highly water soluble (but low solubilities in organic compounds), and they have large dipole moments. If in the ami ...
Lecture exam 1A
... A. An allosteric site often allows the product of a metabolic pathway to inhibit the enzyme and shut off the pathway B. An allosteric site is often found on a protein subunit that does not contain the active site C. An allosteric activator prevents the substrate from binding at the active site D. On ...
... A. An allosteric site often allows the product of a metabolic pathway to inhibit the enzyme and shut off the pathway B. An allosteric site is often found on a protein subunit that does not contain the active site C. An allosteric activator prevents the substrate from binding at the active site D. On ...
Chapter 1
... • Stage 3, ribose-5-phosphate and two xylulose-5phosphate are produced along with two fructose-6phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate – The nonoxidative stages produce sugars with from 3 to 7 carbons – The ribose sugar is critical for nucleic acid synthesis ...
... • Stage 3, ribose-5-phosphate and two xylulose-5phosphate are produced along with two fructose-6phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate – The nonoxidative stages produce sugars with from 3 to 7 carbons – The ribose sugar is critical for nucleic acid synthesis ...
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration
... • A cellular respiration equation is helpful to show the changes in hydrogen atom distribution. • Glucose – loses its hydrogen atoms and (consists of 1 proton and 1 electron) – becomes oxidized to CO2. ...
... • A cellular respiration equation is helpful to show the changes in hydrogen atom distribution. • Glucose – loses its hydrogen atoms and (consists of 1 proton and 1 electron) – becomes oxidized to CO2. ...
fatty acid synthesis
... transferase I) , whereas that produced by ACC-1 is utilized in fatty acid synthesis. Phosphorylation of ACC, for example a result of activation of PKA by stress or exercise switches on fatty acid oxidation (via phosphorylation and inhibition of ACC-2 resulting in decreased malonyl CoA levels) while ...
... transferase I) , whereas that produced by ACC-1 is utilized in fatty acid synthesis. Phosphorylation of ACC, for example a result of activation of PKA by stress or exercise switches on fatty acid oxidation (via phosphorylation and inhibition of ACC-2 resulting in decreased malonyl CoA levels) while ...
Energy - Doctor Jade Main
... Photosynthesis is a redox process. The equation is: 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O in the presence of light. In a redox reaction there must be both an oxidation and a reduction. In photosynthetic reactions water is oxidized, that is it loses electrons and hydrogen ions while carbon dioxide is re ...
... Photosynthesis is a redox process. The equation is: 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O in the presence of light. In a redox reaction there must be both an oxidation and a reduction. In photosynthetic reactions water is oxidized, that is it loses electrons and hydrogen ions while carbon dioxide is re ...
Chapter 10: Chemistry of Living Systems
... You have read that most of Earth’s biomass is composed primarily of six elements—carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. All living organisms obtain these elements from their environment. These elements go through natural cycles where they are used and reused by organisms. Other ...
... You have read that most of Earth’s biomass is composed primarily of six elements—carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. All living organisms obtain these elements from their environment. These elements go through natural cycles where they are used and reused by organisms. Other ...
Renal Physiology 9 (Acid Base 1)
... Acid – Base balance (a.k.a. pH HOMEOSTASIS) one of the essential functions of the body. When discussing acid - base balance, we are normally concerned with regulation of H+ ion balance (although HCO3- plays a vital role in this balance). ...
... Acid – Base balance (a.k.a. pH HOMEOSTASIS) one of the essential functions of the body. When discussing acid - base balance, we are normally concerned with regulation of H+ ion balance (although HCO3- plays a vital role in this balance). ...
Milk Composition
... - complex mixture of lipids - triglycerides are the major type - major energy source of young - extremely variable between species and within a species ...
... - complex mixture of lipids - triglycerides are the major type - major energy source of young - extremely variable between species and within a species ...
BCHM 463 Supplemental Problems for Friday, April 2, 2004 1. Write
... answer with regard to your answer to #1. 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed b ...
... answer with regard to your answer to #1. 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed b ...
Study Guide Test 1
... 9. Be able to explain the role of carbohydrates and fats in energy production for muscular contraction. Be able to follow a molecule of glucose or a fatty acid through the energy systems. 10. Understand the role of NAD and FAD in the energy systems. 11. Be able to differentiate between oxidative pho ...
... 9. Be able to explain the role of carbohydrates and fats in energy production for muscular contraction. Be able to follow a molecule of glucose or a fatty acid through the energy systems. 10. Understand the role of NAD and FAD in the energy systems. 11. Be able to differentiate between oxidative pho ...
hydrocarbon chains
... Phospholipids are the major class of membrane lipids -One or more fatty acids -Platform to which the fatty acids are attached ...
... Phospholipids are the major class of membrane lipids -One or more fatty acids -Platform to which the fatty acids are attached ...
Hydrocarbon Names
... • Bonding and nonbonding pairs will arrange themselves around an atom so that they are as far from each other as possible • 2 pairs - BeCl2 • Linear geometry, bond angle = 180º ...
... • Bonding and nonbonding pairs will arrange themselves around an atom so that they are as far from each other as possible • 2 pairs - BeCl2 • Linear geometry, bond angle = 180º ...
Cell Membrane Selective Permeability
... Cell Membrane Membrane proteins help to regulate the movement of material in and out of the cell Membrane proteins Transport: Act as channels to help move molecules through the membrane Marker: Advertise the cell’s type Receptor: Bind with specific substances Enzyme: Assist chemical reactions ...
... Cell Membrane Membrane proteins help to regulate the movement of material in and out of the cell Membrane proteins Transport: Act as channels to help move molecules through the membrane Marker: Advertise the cell’s type Receptor: Bind with specific substances Enzyme: Assist chemical reactions ...
CAPT Biology Concepts Study Sheet
... A. POPULATION: All of the organisms of a single species in a given area. Many biologists are exploring the idea of the evolution of populations rather than individuals. B. COMMUNITY: All of the organisms of all different species in a given area. This is an important ecological concept in that organi ...
... A. POPULATION: All of the organisms of a single species in a given area. Many biologists are exploring the idea of the evolution of populations rather than individuals. B. COMMUNITY: All of the organisms of all different species in a given area. This is an important ecological concept in that organi ...
Languages of a Cell and the History of the
... the third language of a cell. Combining amino acids to form a long chain creates proteins. This language uses completely different characters (20 different amino acids – you can show a table of amino acids) than DNA or RNA (nucleotides). For this reason it is more like Japanese than English or Spani ...
... the third language of a cell. Combining amino acids to form a long chain creates proteins. This language uses completely different characters (20 different amino acids – you can show a table of amino acids) than DNA or RNA (nucleotides). For this reason it is more like Japanese than English or Spani ...
1 - Medical Mastermind Community
... It is a major precursor in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It can be made by reaction of serine with phosphatidylcholine. It can be converted to phosphatidylethanolamine by decarboxylation. It is an intermediate in a cycle that produces ethanolamine in a net fashion. ...
... It is a major precursor in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It can be made by reaction of serine with phosphatidylcholine. It can be converted to phosphatidylethanolamine by decarboxylation. It is an intermediate in a cycle that produces ethanolamine in a net fashion. ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.