Ecological speciation model
... • Examples: Glucose (C6H12O6): 6O is +6, 12 H's is -6, 6-6=0 Lactate (C3H6O3): 3O is +3, 6H's is -3, 3-3=0 Acetate (C2H4O2): 2O is +2, 4H's is -2, 2-2=0 Glycerol (C3H8O3): 3O is +3, 8 H's is -4, 3-4 = -1 Ethanol (C2H6O): 1O is +1, 6 H is -3, 1-3= -2 Carbon dioxide (CO2): 2 O's = +2 ...
... • Examples: Glucose (C6H12O6): 6O is +6, 12 H's is -6, 6-6=0 Lactate (C3H6O3): 3O is +3, 6H's is -3, 3-3=0 Acetate (C2H4O2): 2O is +2, 4H's is -2, 2-2=0 Glycerol (C3H8O3): 3O is +3, 8 H's is -4, 3-4 = -1 Ethanol (C2H6O): 1O is +1, 6 H is -3, 1-3= -2 Carbon dioxide (CO2): 2 O's = +2 ...
15Nitrogen metabolism
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
File
... 1. Carbonyl carbon of acetyl group to C2 of Malonyl-Acp, lose CO2 with malonyl carboxyl group 2. B-Ketone reduce using NADPH (from PPS) 3. Alchohol dehydrated double bond 4. Double bond reduced to butyryl-ACP from NADPH 5. Butyryl transferred to CE exposing ACP SH site to a 2 nd ...
... 1. Carbonyl carbon of acetyl group to C2 of Malonyl-Acp, lose CO2 with malonyl carboxyl group 2. B-Ketone reduce using NADPH (from PPS) 3. Alchohol dehydrated double bond 4. Double bond reduced to butyryl-ACP from NADPH 5. Butyryl transferred to CE exposing ACP SH site to a 2 nd ...
Absorption of Amino Acids from an Amino Acid
... Normal adult volunteers, who gave their informed consent, were intubated with a doublelumen perfusion tube incorporating a proximal occlusive balloon (Sladen & Dawson, 1970; Silk, Perrett & Clark, 1973). The tube was allowed to pass until the 30 cm perfusion segment was positioned in the upper jejun ...
... Normal adult volunteers, who gave their informed consent, were intubated with a doublelumen perfusion tube incorporating a proximal occlusive balloon (Sladen & Dawson, 1970; Silk, Perrett & Clark, 1973). The tube was allowed to pass until the 30 cm perfusion segment was positioned in the upper jejun ...
Document
... into carbon skeletons. Ammonium can be formed from oxidized inorganic percursors by reductive reactions: nitrogen fixation reduces N2 to NH4+; nitrate assimilation reduces NO3- to NH4+. Nitrifying bacteria can oxidize NH4+ back to NO3- and obtain energy for growth in the process of nitrification. De ...
... into carbon skeletons. Ammonium can be formed from oxidized inorganic percursors by reductive reactions: nitrogen fixation reduces N2 to NH4+; nitrate assimilation reduces NO3- to NH4+. Nitrifying bacteria can oxidize NH4+ back to NO3- and obtain energy for growth in the process of nitrification. De ...
Bk3BP09EE
... In addition polymerization, monomer molecules join together to form one product molecule while in condensation polymerization, monomer molecules join together to form a product molecule with small molecules such as water eliminated. The relative molecular mass of an addition polymer is the sum of th ...
... In addition polymerization, monomer molecules join together to form one product molecule while in condensation polymerization, monomer molecules join together to form a product molecule with small molecules such as water eliminated. The relative molecular mass of an addition polymer is the sum of th ...
MCDB 1030 – Spring 2003
... There are two fatty acid chains in a phospholipid and three fatty acid chains in a triglyceride. (In a phospholipid, a phosphate group takes the place of one of the fatty acid tails of a triglyceride.) c) Why do phospholipids form bilayers? Phospholipids have polar and non-polar regions (they are am ...
... There are two fatty acid chains in a phospholipid and three fatty acid chains in a triglyceride. (In a phospholipid, a phosphate group takes the place of one of the fatty acid tails of a triglyceride.) c) Why do phospholipids form bilayers? Phospholipids have polar and non-polar regions (they are am ...
Chapter 9
... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose ...
... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose ...
Molecular Biology of the Cell
... lactate does not directly cause acidosis, nor is it responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness. This is because lactate itself is not capable of releasing a proton. The acidosis that is associated with increases in lactate concentration during heavy exercise arises from a separate reaction. When ...
... lactate does not directly cause acidosis, nor is it responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness. This is because lactate itself is not capable of releasing a proton. The acidosis that is associated with increases in lactate concentration during heavy exercise arises from a separate reaction. When ...
B-Metabolism of Sulphur containing amino acids
... It is an inherited disorder and occurs at frequency of (1:7000) individuals Defect: it is considered to be due to a renal transport defect in the reabsorption of the above four amino acids do not occur, a single reabsorptive site is involved. Complications: Cystine is relatively insoluble amino aci ...
... It is an inherited disorder and occurs at frequency of (1:7000) individuals Defect: it is considered to be due to a renal transport defect in the reabsorption of the above four amino acids do not occur, a single reabsorptive site is involved. Complications: Cystine is relatively insoluble amino aci ...
Electron Transport Chain - Dr-Manar-KSU
... by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. – Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. ...
... by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. – Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. ...
Lecture Notes BS1090
... metabolic fuels (including glycogen) while glucagon promotes glycogen degradation in the liver. (854-56). ...
... metabolic fuels (including glycogen) while glucagon promotes glycogen degradation in the liver. (854-56). ...
Chapter 1 Notes
... Ribosomes are made of 2 subunits that are constructed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - contains a binding site for mRNA - contains 3 binding sites for tRNA - P site: holds the tRNA carrying the growing peptide chain ...
... Ribosomes are made of 2 subunits that are constructed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - contains a binding site for mRNA - contains 3 binding sites for tRNA - P site: holds the tRNA carrying the growing peptide chain ...
doc Vocabulary challenge A list of all the definitions from
... Vocabulary challenge – below are lots of definitions from IGCSE Biology. Your task is to fill in the correct word that goes with each definition. Your only clue – the words will be in alphabetical order. ...
... Vocabulary challenge – below are lots of definitions from IGCSE Biology. Your task is to fill in the correct word that goes with each definition. Your only clue – the words will be in alphabetical order. ...
2nd nine weeks benchmark review homework
... d- atomic mass, protons When the physical composition of a substance changes, the chemical composition- ...
... d- atomic mass, protons When the physical composition of a substance changes, the chemical composition- ...
Energy and Metabolism
... – Expend energy to build up molecules (endergonic) • Catabolic reactions/catabolism – Harvest energy by breaking down molecules ...
... – Expend energy to build up molecules (endergonic) • Catabolic reactions/catabolism – Harvest energy by breaking down molecules ...
scientific method
... 16. List the 4 macromolecules, their monomers, 2 examples, and their function in the body. ...
... 16. List the 4 macromolecules, their monomers, 2 examples, and their function in the body. ...
Enzyme Notes
... The shape of the active site determines which reactants, or ___________________, will bind to it. Each different enzyme acts only on specific substrates. Binding of the substrates causes the enzyme’s shape to change. This change causes some bonds in the substrates to break and new bonds to form. Enz ...
... The shape of the active site determines which reactants, or ___________________, will bind to it. Each different enzyme acts only on specific substrates. Binding of the substrates causes the enzyme’s shape to change. This change causes some bonds in the substrates to break and new bonds to form. Enz ...
Biology DNA MCAS questions
... In phenylketonuria (PKU), an enzyme that converts one amino acid into another does not work properly. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this genetic condition? A. an error in the transcription of the gene for the enzyme B. a mutation in the DNA sequence that codes for the enzyme C. ...
... In phenylketonuria (PKU), an enzyme that converts one amino acid into another does not work properly. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this genetic condition? A. an error in the transcription of the gene for the enzyme B. a mutation in the DNA sequence that codes for the enzyme C. ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.