NCEA Level 2 Biology (91159) 2013
... Mutagens cause mutations / change in DNA sequence Environmental factors vary widely, but can include high / low / change in temperature, wind, salinity, available nutrients (food) etc. (Any reasonable / appropriate environmental factors can be accepted.) Mutagens cause changes to the genetic materia ...
... Mutagens cause mutations / change in DNA sequence Environmental factors vary widely, but can include high / low / change in temperature, wind, salinity, available nutrients (food) etc. (Any reasonable / appropriate environmental factors can be accepted.) Mutagens cause changes to the genetic materia ...
Glycolysis - WordPress.com
... molecule of NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move on to the next stage - the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells. The Krebs Cycle - This is the second stage, and the products of this stage of the aerobic system are a ...
... molecule of NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move on to the next stage - the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells. The Krebs Cycle - This is the second stage, and the products of this stage of the aerobic system are a ...
Document
... If the compound is soluble that means that it will remain as ions in the solution, if it is insoluble then the compound precipitated out of the reaction (it became the precipitate or solid). 2. If at least one INSOLUBLE product is formed (which means a precipitate will form) the reaction will occur! ...
... If the compound is soluble that means that it will remain as ions in the solution, if it is insoluble then the compound precipitated out of the reaction (it became the precipitate or solid). 2. If at least one INSOLUBLE product is formed (which means a precipitate will form) the reaction will occur! ...
Presentación de PowerPoint
... partially folded intermediates that tend to aggregate. • Misfolding originates from interactions between regions of the folding polypeptide chain that are separate in the native protein. These nonnative states expose hydrophobic amino acid residues and readily self-associate into disordered complexe ...
... partially folded intermediates that tend to aggregate. • Misfolding originates from interactions between regions of the folding polypeptide chain that are separate in the native protein. These nonnative states expose hydrophobic amino acid residues and readily self-associate into disordered complexe ...
Thermostable glycerol kinase from a
... these sequences suggests that the amino acid sequence of GK is relatively well conserved among various GKs. For example, the identity in the amino acid sequence between E.coli GK and human GK is 51%. This is probably because GK is a key enzyme in glycerol metabolism and therefore the enzyme cannot h ...
... these sequences suggests that the amino acid sequence of GK is relatively well conserved among various GKs. For example, the identity in the amino acid sequence between E.coli GK and human GK is 51%. This is probably because GK is a key enzyme in glycerol metabolism and therefore the enzyme cannot h ...
Rapid sequencing of DNA based on single molecule detection
... yield per molecule is 1.6 x lO due to an 100 fold improvement in its photostability. We have been able to utilize the increased photon yield of R6G in EtOH to observe the bursts of photons from individual molecules of R6G using cW excitation as indicated from non-random correlations in the autocorre ...
... yield per molecule is 1.6 x lO due to an 100 fold improvement in its photostability. We have been able to utilize the increased photon yield of R6G in EtOH to observe the bursts of photons from individual molecules of R6G using cW excitation as indicated from non-random correlations in the autocorre ...
pH of the Human Body is
... What in the Cell is Going on? The Battle is over pH by Dr. Gary Tunsky As you quietly read these words, a whirl of activity is taking place in every cell of your body. Every second, unseen, unnoticed, millions of new cells are reborn in your body’s ceaseless program of selfgeneration. Since cells ar ...
... What in the Cell is Going on? The Battle is over pH by Dr. Gary Tunsky As you quietly read these words, a whirl of activity is taking place in every cell of your body. Every second, unseen, unnoticed, millions of new cells are reborn in your body’s ceaseless program of selfgeneration. Since cells ar ...
Lecture 9 – Cellular Respiration
... breakdown of all carbohydrates to disaccharides • Maltases, lactases, and sucrases break down disaccharides into monosaccharides • Glucose is brought to all the cells in the body through the circulatory system NSCC BIOL211 ...
... breakdown of all carbohydrates to disaccharides • Maltases, lactases, and sucrases break down disaccharides into monosaccharides • Glucose is brought to all the cells in the body through the circulatory system NSCC BIOL211 ...
Evaluation of the Progress of Protein Hydrolysis
... 100°C for a standard period of time, yielding a purple-blue compound, the ammonium salt of diketohydrindylidene-diketohydrindamine, as the major product. The structure of the reagents and the reaction is shown in Figure B2.2.1. Amino acids generally react with ninhydrin to yield carbon dioxide, ammo ...
... 100°C for a standard period of time, yielding a purple-blue compound, the ammonium salt of diketohydrindylidene-diketohydrindamine, as the major product. The structure of the reagents and the reaction is shown in Figure B2.2.1. Amino acids generally react with ninhydrin to yield carbon dioxide, ammo ...
Protein-nucleic acid interactions
... The helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif — roughly 20 amino acids folded into two roughly perpendicular α-helices linked by a β-turn or loop — is used by transcription regulators and enzymes of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes typically to bind the major-groove edges of the DNA base pairs. The linker and non ...
... The helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif — roughly 20 amino acids folded into two roughly perpendicular α-helices linked by a β-turn or loop — is used by transcription regulators and enzymes of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes typically to bind the major-groove edges of the DNA base pairs. The linker and non ...
Actin
... Dry-cured ham is a traditional food requiring a long processing period for development of its appreciated texture and flavour characteristics. During this time, there is an intense degradation of muscle proteins due to the action of endogenous proteolytic enzymes. This gives rise to an important gen ...
... Dry-cured ham is a traditional food requiring a long processing period for development of its appreciated texture and flavour characteristics. During this time, there is an intense degradation of muscle proteins due to the action of endogenous proteolytic enzymes. This gives rise to an important gen ...
Respiratory (Gas Exchange) System
... The animal kingdom has evolved some very unique ways of extracting oxygen from the air for use in cellular respiration. Humans and pigs make use a diaphragm to draw air in, frogs utilize their mouth and skin, and fish their opercullum. Some have distinct pathways for air to flow, and others such as ...
... The animal kingdom has evolved some very unique ways of extracting oxygen from the air for use in cellular respiration. Humans and pigs make use a diaphragm to draw air in, frogs utilize their mouth and skin, and fish their opercullum. Some have distinct pathways for air to flow, and others such as ...
DNA structure and protein synthesis
... • The stretch of DNA that is transcribed is called a transcription unit • Transcription factors (sigma) – initiate the binding of the RNA polymerase • The completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to a promoter is called a transcription initiation complex • A promoter c ...
... • The stretch of DNA that is transcribed is called a transcription unit • Transcription factors (sigma) – initiate the binding of the RNA polymerase • The completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to a promoter is called a transcription initiation complex • A promoter c ...
MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Curriculum Requirements for MCDB
... credits. These 72 credits include the core course requirements (below) and applicable research credits earned. Credits taken during a student's M.S. program in MCDB at Iowa State University may count towards their Ph.D. in MCDB. Students seeking an M.S. degree must take a total of 30 credits, with n ...
... credits. These 72 credits include the core course requirements (below) and applicable research credits earned. Credits taken during a student's M.S. program in MCDB at Iowa State University may count towards their Ph.D. in MCDB. Students seeking an M.S. degree must take a total of 30 credits, with n ...
Biology - Essay.org
... One is serum albumin, which is necessary to normal blood and tissue relationship during absorption. The other is serum globulin, which gives rise to antibodies causing immunity to various diseases. Inorganic minerals, dissolved in water give plasma a salt content of about 1%, while sea water is appr ...
... One is serum albumin, which is necessary to normal blood and tissue relationship during absorption. The other is serum globulin, which gives rise to antibodies causing immunity to various diseases. Inorganic minerals, dissolved in water give plasma a salt content of about 1%, while sea water is appr ...
AP Chemistry - West Bloomfield School District
... a. Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs (remember oxygen is O 2). b. How many grams of P2O5 are formed if 3.40 g of P4 react? c. How many grams of oxygen would be consumed using 16.00 g of P 4? 65. When a mixture of silver metal and sulfur is heated, silver sulfide is formed: 16 Ag ...
... a. Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs (remember oxygen is O 2). b. How many grams of P2O5 are formed if 3.40 g of P4 react? c. How many grams of oxygen would be consumed using 16.00 g of P 4? 65. When a mixture of silver metal and sulfur is heated, silver sulfide is formed: 16 Ag ...
Lecture_6_TCA_Cycle
... effects of arsenite poisoning by forming a complex with the arsenite that can be excreted. Early hatters used mercury to make felt, which inhibited complex activity in the brain, often leading to strange behavior. Origin of the phrase – Mad as a hatter, they used to use Mercury Nitrate to treat anim ...
... effects of arsenite poisoning by forming a complex with the arsenite that can be excreted. Early hatters used mercury to make felt, which inhibited complex activity in the brain, often leading to strange behavior. Origin of the phrase – Mad as a hatter, they used to use Mercury Nitrate to treat anim ...
Slide 1
... protein with a large extracellular domain and a relatively short cytoplasmic domain. In the mammalian genome 8 β and 18 α subunits have been identified so far, and they are known to assemble into 24 distinct integrins. In the diagram shown here, each α and β subunit is represented as a circle, and t ...
... protein with a large extracellular domain and a relatively short cytoplasmic domain. In the mammalian genome 8 β and 18 α subunits have been identified so far, and they are known to assemble into 24 distinct integrins. In the diagram shown here, each α and β subunit is represented as a circle, and t ...
Article Evolution of a Genome-Encoded Bias in Amino Acid
... Ward et al. 1998; Xu 2006). In contrast, sequencing an organism’s genome has become routine, and the scientific community continues to sequence organisms from varied environments at an increasing pace, yet the vast majority of those organisms cannot be cultured by current methods, in part because th ...
... Ward et al. 1998; Xu 2006). In contrast, sequencing an organism’s genome has become routine, and the scientific community continues to sequence organisms from varied environments at an increasing pace, yet the vast majority of those organisms cannot be cultured by current methods, in part because th ...
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and mRNA Expression of
... internal water filled cavity. Due to this protein specially found in mature enterocytes, I-FABP was thought to be crucial in fatty acids trafficking, and targeting ligands to specific organelle for metabolic process. Even so, the specific function of I-FABP in animal intestine remains elusive. LCFAs ...
... internal water filled cavity. Due to this protein specially found in mature enterocytes, I-FABP was thought to be crucial in fatty acids trafficking, and targeting ligands to specific organelle for metabolic process. Even so, the specific function of I-FABP in animal intestine remains elusive. LCFAs ...
Optimizing Data Acquisition for Automated de novo Sequencing
... Purpose: We have evaluated various data acquisition methods on the LTQ Orbitrap to obtain data most suitable for automated de novo sequencing. We then reviewed the examples where an integrated approach using de novo sequencing and blast search indicated an amino acid substitution or sequence variati ...
... Purpose: We have evaluated various data acquisition methods on the LTQ Orbitrap to obtain data most suitable for automated de novo sequencing. We then reviewed the examples where an integrated approach using de novo sequencing and blast search indicated an amino acid substitution or sequence variati ...
PAGES 1-41 INCL. 1. Overview (a) discovery of enzymes (b
... -used by man--fermentation of alcohol and cheese 1.(a) discovery of enzymes - enzyme first used in 1878 by Kühne to indicate yeast were organized systems capable of fermentation - shown by Büchner in 1897 that yeast extracts could also ferment sugar to alcohol; nevertheless, the term enzyme (in yeas ...
... -used by man--fermentation of alcohol and cheese 1.(a) discovery of enzymes - enzyme first used in 1878 by Kühne to indicate yeast were organized systems capable of fermentation - shown by Büchner in 1897 that yeast extracts could also ferment sugar to alcohol; nevertheless, the term enzyme (in yeas ...
Enzymes
... The reaction catalyzed by lysozyme is the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond of the (NAM-NAG)n heteropolymer that is the backbone of the bacterial cell wall. The enzyme is specific for NAMNAG glycosidic bonds (β-1,4 conformation). ...
... The reaction catalyzed by lysozyme is the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond of the (NAM-NAG)n heteropolymer that is the backbone of the bacterial cell wall. The enzyme is specific for NAMNAG glycosidic bonds (β-1,4 conformation). ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.