Guidelines for the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disease in
... Urine for organic acids, glycosaminoglycans (MPS), oligosaccharides and amino acids. ...
... Urine for organic acids, glycosaminoglycans (MPS), oligosaccharides and amino acids. ...
Deuterium fractionation of methylamine through atomic grain
... Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Japan Interstellar methylamine (CH3NH2) was first found in 1974 toward Sgr B2 and Ori A [1]. This finding is of interest in view of astrobiology because methylamine could be a precursor of amino acid in space [2]. Laboratory studies revealed ...
... Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Japan Interstellar methylamine (CH3NH2) was first found in 1974 toward Sgr B2 and Ori A [1]. This finding is of interest in view of astrobiology because methylamine could be a precursor of amino acid in space [2]. Laboratory studies revealed ...
energy supply components - The Company of Biologists
... can be used at low rates to supplement glycolysis (Collicutt & Hochachka, 1977). Fermentable fuels should amplify the molar yield of ATP This property is particularly well met by glycogen which yields 3 mol ATP/ glucosyl unit. Thus, the complete fermentation of 100/imolg"1 generates at least 300 jun ...
... can be used at low rates to supplement glycolysis (Collicutt & Hochachka, 1977). Fermentable fuels should amplify the molar yield of ATP This property is particularly well met by glycogen which yields 3 mol ATP/ glucosyl unit. Thus, the complete fermentation of 100/imolg"1 generates at least 300 jun ...
Multi-Organ Contribution to the Metabolic Plasma Profile Using
... When applying PLS (partial least square projection to latent structures) and PCA modelling to complex data that includes multiple variables, the interpretation of the results becomes problematic. More sophisticated ways of analysing the data are required. In these situations it is advantageous to di ...
... When applying PLS (partial least square projection to latent structures) and PCA modelling to complex data that includes multiple variables, the interpretation of the results becomes problematic. More sophisticated ways of analysing the data are required. In these situations it is advantageous to di ...
Hemoglobin
... •~20 million RBCs are degraded and synthetised per second (~500 trillion Hbs/sec) •~97% of dry mass of a RBC is Hb •~35% of wet mass of a RBC is Hb •Hb enhances the solubility of O2 in blood seventy fold compared to water. •The degradation products are AAs (recycled), Fe[II] (recycled) and, bilirubi ...
... •~20 million RBCs are degraded and synthetised per second (~500 trillion Hbs/sec) •~97% of dry mass of a RBC is Hb •~35% of wet mass of a RBC is Hb •Hb enhances the solubility of O2 in blood seventy fold compared to water. •The degradation products are AAs (recycled), Fe[II] (recycled) and, bilirubi ...
Stoichiometry - ChemistryatBiotech
... Sulfuric acid, an important chemical in industry, is manufactured and sold by XYZ company. • Sulfur dioxide gas is combined with water and oxygen to make H₂SO₄. • The company is expecting a shipment of 500 kg of SO₂ and wants to know how much H₂SO₄ can be made from this shipment. ...
... Sulfuric acid, an important chemical in industry, is manufactured and sold by XYZ company. • Sulfur dioxide gas is combined with water and oxygen to make H₂SO₄. • The company is expecting a shipment of 500 kg of SO₂ and wants to know how much H₂SO₄ can be made from this shipment. ...
ATP Synthesis
... whereby the transfer of a phosphoryl group from a “high-energy” compound (eg phosphoenol pyruvate) to ADP is used to synthesize ATP (see §3.1 and §3.2) ...
... whereby the transfer of a phosphoryl group from a “high-energy” compound (eg phosphoenol pyruvate) to ADP is used to synthesize ATP (see §3.1 and §3.2) ...
Biosynthesis of Lipids and Hydrocarbons in Algae
... component of and derived from organisms; 2) it is basically very soluble in organic solvents but not in water; 3) it contains hydrocarbon group in its structure. We adopt biosynthetic classification to categorize lipids such as fatty acid, isoprene or others of unique lipids as shown in Table 1, ins ...
... component of and derived from organisms; 2) it is basically very soluble in organic solvents but not in water; 3) it contains hydrocarbon group in its structure. We adopt biosynthetic classification to categorize lipids such as fatty acid, isoprene or others of unique lipids as shown in Table 1, ins ...
MCAS 2010 February Biology Released ITems
... Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? A. amino acids B. fatty acids ...
... Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? A. amino acids B. fatty acids ...
Malate Dehydrogenases – Structure and Function
... in the glyoxylate cycle (Minard and McAlister-Henn 1991). All MDHs are NADdependent except of the chloroplast enzyme which requires NADP as a coenzyme. Primary and secondary structure Malate dehydrogenases belong to the NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, which are one of the largest and best-studied fami ...
... in the glyoxylate cycle (Minard and McAlister-Henn 1991). All MDHs are NADdependent except of the chloroplast enzyme which requires NADP as a coenzyme. Primary and secondary structure Malate dehydrogenases belong to the NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, which are one of the largest and best-studied fami ...
Chemistry
... as 440 BC, the Greek Leucippus and his pupil Democritus coined the term atomos to describe the smallest particle of matter. It translates to mean something that is indivisible. In the eighteenth century, chemist, John Dalton, revived the term when he suggested that each element was made up of unique ...
... as 440 BC, the Greek Leucippus and his pupil Democritus coined the term atomos to describe the smallest particle of matter. It translates to mean something that is indivisible. In the eighteenth century, chemist, John Dalton, revived the term when he suggested that each element was made up of unique ...
anabolic and catabolic reactions. Energetics of bacterial growth
... that the significance of phosphate esters was more fully appreciated. Lipmann (56) used the term ‘‘energy rich’’ to describe ATP and other phosphorylated intermediates, and with time, phosphate bond formation and breakage were recognized as means of energy exchange. ATP is often assigned a standard ...
... that the significance of phosphate esters was more fully appreciated. Lipmann (56) used the term ‘‘energy rich’’ to describe ATP and other phosphorylated intermediates, and with time, phosphate bond formation and breakage were recognized as means of energy exchange. ATP is often assigned a standard ...
Bacterial Unknowns
... The Gram stain has been in existence for more than 100 years, and remains a key starting point to identify microbial species. The stain makes use of the differing membrane structures between Gram positive (single cell membrane with a tough outer cell wall of peptidoglycan), and Gram negative orga ...
... The Gram stain has been in existence for more than 100 years, and remains a key starting point to identify microbial species. The stain makes use of the differing membrane structures between Gram positive (single cell membrane with a tough outer cell wall of peptidoglycan), and Gram negative orga ...
Resurrecting ancestral RuBisCO in silico
... oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzes a key reaction of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is the primary catalyst of biological carbon fixation, but its carboxylase activity is plagued by a competing oxygenation reaction.3-5 Modern atmospheric oxygen levels are orders of magnitude greater than those of carbon dio ...
... oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzes a key reaction of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is the primary catalyst of biological carbon fixation, but its carboxylase activity is plagued by a competing oxygenation reaction.3-5 Modern atmospheric oxygen levels are orders of magnitude greater than those of carbon dio ...
Fundamentals
... The bridge between a macroscopic sample-a liter of gas or a piece of wire that can be held in hand-and the atomistic view is a quantity called the mole. A mole, abbreviated mol, contains 6.022137 X 1023particles, a number referred to as Avogadro's number (NA) in recognition of the importance of Avog ...
... The bridge between a macroscopic sample-a liter of gas or a piece of wire that can be held in hand-and the atomistic view is a quantity called the mole. A mole, abbreviated mol, contains 6.022137 X 1023particles, a number referred to as Avogadro's number (NA) in recognition of the importance of Avog ...
Prediction of Maximum Yields of Metabolites and Optimal Pathways
... more suitable for acetic acid production, since large amount of ATP which may exceed the capacity of the E. coli metabolic network is produced. It can be utilized through macromolecule biosynthesis, and thus ATP balance could be achieved in the growing cell. Furthermore, metabolic flux analysis can ...
... more suitable for acetic acid production, since large amount of ATP which may exceed the capacity of the E. coli metabolic network is produced. It can be utilized through macromolecule biosynthesis, and thus ATP balance could be achieved in the growing cell. Furthermore, metabolic flux analysis can ...
local copy pdf
... ing RNA chains that were too big to diffuse of different compounds and short peptides help define the chemistry that must have back out. A year later, Szostak and his gradu- to the mix. “Nothing worked,” she says. “It been involved at some level to get a selfate student Ting Zhu found that adding ex ...
... ing RNA chains that were too big to diffuse of different compounds and short peptides help define the chemistry that must have back out. A year later, Szostak and his gradu- to the mix. “Nothing worked,” she says. “It been involved at some level to get a selfate student Ting Zhu found that adding ex ...
Catabolic Alanine Racemase from Salmonella typhimurium: DNA Sequence, Enzyme Purification, and Characterization.
... We have recently described an alanine racemase in Salmonella typhimurium that is essential only for L-alanine catabolism, providing substrate for a D-specific alanine dehydrogenase (encoded by the dadA gene) (Wasserman et al., 1983). This enzyme, the major source of intracellular alanine racemase ac ...
... We have recently described an alanine racemase in Salmonella typhimurium that is essential only for L-alanine catabolism, providing substrate for a D-specific alanine dehydrogenase (encoded by the dadA gene) (Wasserman et al., 1983). This enzyme, the major source of intracellular alanine racemase ac ...
Structural Studies on Sulfated Glycopeptides from the Carbohydrate
... sulfated compounds was 53:37:10 based on the serine second galactose residue which is remote from the innermost contents. Biological significance of the newly found xylose. sulfated linkage structure is discussed. EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURES ...
... sulfated compounds was 53:37:10 based on the serine second galactose residue which is remote from the innermost contents. Biological significance of the newly found xylose. sulfated linkage structure is discussed. EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURES ...
What is sequence alignment - department of computer & electrical
... and (due to the evolutionary connection) have similar function The sequence alignment problem is an optimization problem: produce the best alignment according to a scoring function A scoring function provide numeric values for each possible symbol pairing and for gaps in an alignment. ...
... and (due to the evolutionary connection) have similar function The sequence alignment problem is an optimization problem: produce the best alignment according to a scoring function A scoring function provide numeric values for each possible symbol pairing and for gaps in an alignment. ...
contents 2002 MAY
... R Amrutha , L Sangeetha & P Chandran* Cumulenes are compounds containing a unit of ‘n’ carbon atoms with (n-1) double bonds between them (n>3).The members are propadiene(allene), butatriene, pentatetraene etc. A systematic study of chlorination on cumulenes is done in the present study. Geometrical ...
... R Amrutha , L Sangeetha & P Chandran* Cumulenes are compounds containing a unit of ‘n’ carbon atoms with (n-1) double bonds between them (n>3).The members are propadiene(allene), butatriene, pentatetraene etc. A systematic study of chlorination on cumulenes is done in the present study. Geometrical ...
Photosynthesis in the Higher Plant, Vicia.faba
... the intramolecular isotope distributions of four key intermediates: citrate, aspartate, alanine, and serine. The first two compounds are metabolites of or related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Anomalous labeling of citrate during photosynthesis has been reported previously by Kent (15). Aspartate ...
... the intramolecular isotope distributions of four key intermediates: citrate, aspartate, alanine, and serine. The first two compounds are metabolites of or related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Anomalous labeling of citrate during photosynthesis has been reported previously by Kent (15). Aspartate ...
Chapter 9
... • Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels – Cells break down complex organic molecules (rich in potential energy) to simpler waste products (low in potential energy) • To get energy to do work • Rest is given off as heat ...
... • Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels – Cells break down complex organic molecules (rich in potential energy) to simpler waste products (low in potential energy) • To get energy to do work • Rest is given off as heat ...
lec-08-handout
... The group specific irreversible inhibitor, these inhibitors can react with specific side chain of amino acid. The reactive substrates or affinity labels, they are structurally similar to the substrate and covalently bind to the active site. They are more specific for enzyme active site than group sp ...
... The group specific irreversible inhibitor, these inhibitors can react with specific side chain of amino acid. The reactive substrates or affinity labels, they are structurally similar to the substrate and covalently bind to the active site. They are more specific for enzyme active site than group sp ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.