Optical Tweezers: Measuring Piconewton Forces
... activity of a single enzyme acting on a DNA molecule and watch tiny molecular motors exert forces on biological molecules. We can directly test the effects of DNA binding proteins on the properties of DNA and use these measurements to determine their energy of interaction. A detailed knowledge of in ...
... activity of a single enzyme acting on a DNA molecule and watch tiny molecular motors exert forces on biological molecules. We can directly test the effects of DNA binding proteins on the properties of DNA and use these measurements to determine their energy of interaction. A detailed knowledge of in ...
Universal Bioanalyte Signal Amplification for Electrochemical
... ligand pairs, extremely low levels of diverse bioanalytes can be electrochemically measured including microorganisms, proteins and nucleic acids. ...
... ligand pairs, extremely low levels of diverse bioanalytes can be electrochemically measured including microorganisms, proteins and nucleic acids. ...
Impaired Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Mouse Livers Lacking
... to determine how diminished PEPCK activity affects hepatic energy homeostasis. Although the lipid accumulation must be due to an imbalance of fatty acid uptake, -oxidation (8, 9), lipogenesis (10), or lipoprotein export (11), we sought to determine exactly how these processes are disturbed. Ideally ...
... to determine how diminished PEPCK activity affects hepatic energy homeostasis. Although the lipid accumulation must be due to an imbalance of fatty acid uptake, -oxidation (8, 9), lipogenesis (10), or lipoprotein export (11), we sought to determine exactly how these processes are disturbed. Ideally ...
Rapid searches for complex patterns in biological molecules
... "abcde OR abcfg". Another function is to break up long regular expressions, especially those which are "punctuated" by a groups of "." characters. Finally, QUEST tries to simplify patterns linked by "&", "OR" or "AND" into single patterns (that is, if the resultant patterns won't take up too much me ...
... "abcde OR abcfg". Another function is to break up long regular expressions, especially those which are "punctuated" by a groups of "." characters. Finally, QUEST tries to simplify patterns linked by "&", "OR" or "AND" into single patterns (that is, if the resultant patterns won't take up too much me ...
Modeling of Energy Transfer From Vibrationally Excited CO2
... the scientific community. Among these processes, those © 2013 American Chemical Society ...
... the scientific community. Among these processes, those © 2013 American Chemical Society ...
Large-scale identification of cytosolic mouse brain proteins by
... level) (http://brainatlas.org) and 1274 full-ORFs of transcripts expressed in the developing mouse nervous system were identified by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Mouse Brain Molecular Anatomy Project (BMAP) [3]. The gene map will be only the first step in mapping the mouse, and high-throu ...
... level) (http://brainatlas.org) and 1274 full-ORFs of transcripts expressed in the developing mouse nervous system were identified by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Mouse Brain Molecular Anatomy Project (BMAP) [3]. The gene map will be only the first step in mapping the mouse, and high-throu ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Production of Fermented
... and whiskies, sucrose-rich plants (molasses or sugar juice from sugarcane) in the case of rums, or from fruits (which do not require pre-hydrolysis) in the case of wines and brandies. In the presence of sugars, together with other essential nutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, S. ce ...
... and whiskies, sucrose-rich plants (molasses or sugar juice from sugarcane) in the case of rums, or from fruits (which do not require pre-hydrolysis) in the case of wines and brandies. In the presence of sugars, together with other essential nutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, S. ce ...
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION (1995
... B. Ag + is a better oxidizing agent than Ni2+ and Ag is a better reducing agent than Ni C. Ni 2+ can be reduced by silver metal D. Ag+ is a better oxidizing agent than Ni2+ and Ni is a better reducing agent than Ag E. Ni 2+ is a better oxidizing agent than Ag+ and Ag is a better reducing agent than ...
... B. Ag + is a better oxidizing agent than Ni2+ and Ag is a better reducing agent than Ni C. Ni 2+ can be reduced by silver metal D. Ag+ is a better oxidizing agent than Ni2+ and Ni is a better reducing agent than Ag E. Ni 2+ is a better oxidizing agent than Ag+ and Ag is a better reducing agent than ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Production of Fermented
... and whiskies, sucrose-rich plants (molasses or sugar juice from sugarcane) in the case of rums, or from fruits (which do not require pre-hydrolysis) in the case of wines and brandies. In the presence of sugars, together with other essential nutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, S. ce ...
... and whiskies, sucrose-rich plants (molasses or sugar juice from sugarcane) in the case of rums, or from fruits (which do not require pre-hydrolysis) in the case of wines and brandies. In the presence of sugars, together with other essential nutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, S. ce ...
Gene expression profiling of mice with genetically modified muscle
... different GLUTs (glucose transporters) to mediate glucose entry into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be ex ...
... different GLUTs (glucose transporters) to mediate glucose entry into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be ex ...
The novel genome organization of the insect picorna
... sequences in ORF-2 (SKPTVQ and VMGEDL). The third Nterminal sequence (ANFQTN) was found to be situated upstream of the first methionine of ORF-2 (see Fig. 1). This sequence is encoded in the same frame ; thus if there were another initiation codon which was recognized 5« of this sequence then all th ...
... sequences in ORF-2 (SKPTVQ and VMGEDL). The third Nterminal sequence (ANFQTN) was found to be situated upstream of the first methionine of ORF-2 (see Fig. 1). This sequence is encoded in the same frame ; thus if there were another initiation codon which was recognized 5« of this sequence then all th ...
Allantoin transport protein, PucI, from Bacillus subtilis
... primates), however, is non-functional, so uric acid is the end product of purine catabolism and this is excreted in the urine (Johnson et al., 2009). In most other mammals, allantoin is excreted in the urine, whilst in fish it is degraded further to ammonia before excretion. In bacteria, purines are ...
... primates), however, is non-functional, so uric acid is the end product of purine catabolism and this is excreted in the urine (Johnson et al., 2009). In most other mammals, allantoin is excreted in the urine, whilst in fish it is degraded further to ammonia before excretion. In bacteria, purines are ...
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... functions. Thus. in one aspect. the invention is directed to recom ...
... functions. Thus. in one aspect. the invention is directed to recom ...
Notes: Kinetics and Equilibrium
... reaction is called an electrochemical reaction, as electrons move from one substance to another. These substances are normally metals and metal ions. Common names for batteries are nickel – cadmium, lithium ion and lead - acid. The concept of Gibb’s free energy to electrochemical cells is applied by ...
... reaction is called an electrochemical reaction, as electrons move from one substance to another. These substances are normally metals and metal ions. Common names for batteries are nickel – cadmium, lithium ion and lead - acid. The concept of Gibb’s free energy to electrochemical cells is applied by ...
Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck
... termination (composition of the topmost layer) of very thin FeO and thick Fe3O4, aFe2O3 and KFexOy films. It was confirmed that FeO(111) is O-terminated, Fe3O4(111) is Fe-terminated and a-Fe2O3(0001), oxidized at high pressure, is O-terminated. A new information is that KFexOy films contain K and O ...
... termination (composition of the topmost layer) of very thin FeO and thick Fe3O4, aFe2O3 and KFexOy films. It was confirmed that FeO(111) is O-terminated, Fe3O4(111) is Fe-terminated and a-Fe2O3(0001), oxidized at high pressure, is O-terminated. A new information is that KFexOy films contain K and O ...
The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria
... currently available information, however, only ⬇50–60% of all presumed mitochondrial proteins have been identified so far (8–20). Thus, our knowledge about the physiological functions of mitochondria is limited, and many mitochondrial diseases cannot be analyzed on a molecular level. The Saccharomyc ...
... currently available information, however, only ⬇50–60% of all presumed mitochondrial proteins have been identified so far (8–20). Thus, our knowledge about the physiological functions of mitochondria is limited, and many mitochondrial diseases cannot be analyzed on a molecular level. The Saccharomyc ...
De Novo Pyrimidine Nucleotide Synthesis Mainly
... The role of plastids in pyrimidine catabolism and salvage has been in the focus of recent work and can be regarded as well established. Salvage can take place at the level of nucleosides or nucleobases. Plastid-localized uridine kinase isoforms from Arabidopsis have been identified, and double knock ...
... The role of plastids in pyrimidine catabolism and salvage has been in the focus of recent work and can be regarded as well established. Salvage can take place at the level of nucleosides or nucleobases. Plastid-localized uridine kinase isoforms from Arabidopsis have been identified, and double knock ...
Eukaryotic Initiation
... eIF2-GTP, which is homologous to the bacterial IF2-GTP – Next, 43S preinitiation complex binds to 5' end of mRNA – methylguanosine cap aids in recognition Copyright, ©, 2002, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ...
... eIF2-GTP, which is homologous to the bacterial IF2-GTP – Next, 43S preinitiation complex binds to 5' end of mRNA – methylguanosine cap aids in recognition Copyright, ©, 2002, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ...
Taxonomic Study of Anaerobic, Gram-Negative, Rod
... described. All of the strains contained directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing peptidoglycan and in addition the diamine cadaverine or (rarely) putrescine. The diamine was covalently linked to the a-carboxyl group of D-glutamic acid in the peptide subunit of peptidoglycan. Lipid F ...
... described. All of the strains contained directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing peptidoglycan and in addition the diamine cadaverine or (rarely) putrescine. The diamine was covalently linked to the a-carboxyl group of D-glutamic acid in the peptide subunit of peptidoglycan. Lipid F ...
Globins in Nonvertebrate Species: Dispersal by Horizontal Gene
... John Czeluzniak, 5 Morris Goodman, 5 Mark Blaxter,ll and Serge Vinogradofl *Department of Biochemistry, University of Antwerp; TDepartment of Morphology, Systematics and Ecology, University of Ghent; *Department of Radiology and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago; SDepartment of Anatomy, ...
... John Czeluzniak, 5 Morris Goodman, 5 Mark Blaxter,ll and Serge Vinogradofl *Department of Biochemistry, University of Antwerp; TDepartment of Morphology, Systematics and Ecology, University of Ghent; *Department of Radiology and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago; SDepartment of Anatomy, ...
Carbohydrate-Based Mimetics in Drug Design: Sugar Amino Acids
... molecular recognition. In order to perform these functions, the correct folding of the biopolymers creating the active site is crucial, since any kind of interaction is observed only if the reactive groups are positioned in the correct spatial orientation to each other. Thus, the development of smal ...
... molecular recognition. In order to perform these functions, the correct folding of the biopolymers creating the active site is crucial, since any kind of interaction is observed only if the reactive groups are positioned in the correct spatial orientation to each other. Thus, the development of smal ...
Vitamins
... pyridoxamine, all derivatives of pyridine. They differ only in the nature of the functional group attached to the ring. Pyridoxine occurs primarily in plants, whereas pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are found in foods obtained from animals. All three compounds can serve as precursors of the biologically ...
... pyridoxamine, all derivatives of pyridine. They differ only in the nature of the functional group attached to the ring. Pyridoxine occurs primarily in plants, whereas pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are found in foods obtained from animals. All three compounds can serve as precursors of the biologically ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.