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Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4
... • A circle with a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter is drawn around each station. • The point where all three circles intersect is the earthquake epicenter. ...
... • A circle with a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter is drawn around each station. • The point where all three circles intersect is the earthquake epicenter. ...
The Continued Utility of Probabilistic Seismic
... PSHA has for a long time served to provide input ground motions for the design of engineered structures, which requires estimates of hazard that are relevant to the lifespan of the structure. For example, building design typically considers return periods of 500 or 2,500 years, which are, respective ...
... PSHA has for a long time served to provide input ground motions for the design of engineered structures, which requires estimates of hazard that are relevant to the lifespan of the structure. For example, building design typically considers return periods of 500 or 2,500 years, which are, respective ...
study on seismic behavior of various rc buildings under
... Figure 3(a): Floor Acceleration, floor displacement and storey drift of two storey building in x direction due to ground motion LGM, IGM and HGM Figure 3(a) shows floor acceleration is maximum due to HGM and minimum due to LGM. The floor displacement is maximum due to HGM and minimum due to LGM. The ...
... Figure 3(a): Floor Acceleration, floor displacement and storey drift of two storey building in x direction due to ground motion LGM, IGM and HGM Figure 3(a) shows floor acceleration is maximum due to HGM and minimum due to LGM. The floor displacement is maximum due to HGM and minimum due to LGM. The ...
An Alternative Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment Method in
... long (> 2500 years) design return period considerations than to normal design considerations for building structures. Furthermore, a very long lead time is required to deliver results that are considered useful for drafting structural design code provisions. A finely divided source zones model (for ...
... long (> 2500 years) design return period considerations than to normal design considerations for building structures. Furthermore, a very long lead time is required to deliver results that are considered useful for drafting structural design code provisions. A finely divided source zones model (for ...
Lesson 6: Seismic Waves
... 4. Ask your students where they think the seismic waves of an earthquake originate. Students may answer: along the fault plane or at a single point along the fault. Introduce to your students these two terms: hypocenter (focus) and epicenter. The focus of an earthquake is where rock ruptures and sli ...
... 4. Ask your students where they think the seismic waves of an earthquake originate. Students may answer: along the fault plane or at a single point along the fault. Introduce to your students these two terms: hypocenter (focus) and epicenter. The focus of an earthquake is where rock ruptures and sli ...
Long-period ground motion simulation in the Kinki area during the... 7.1 foreshock of the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquakes
... Two large earthquakes with M J 7.1 and 7.4 rocked Honshu from Kanto to Kyushu on 5 September 2004 (Japan Meteorological Agency, 2004). These events occurred off the Kii Peninsula in the shallower part of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate. They are located as the source region of the expected Tonan ...
... Two large earthquakes with M J 7.1 and 7.4 rocked Honshu from Kanto to Kyushu on 5 September 2004 (Japan Meteorological Agency, 2004). These events occurred off the Kii Peninsula in the shallower part of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate. They are located as the source region of the expected Tonan ...
Shallow inland earthquakes in NE Japan possibly triggered
... For the fault planes discriminated from auxiliary planes in the previous section, we calculate the Coulomb stress change caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. We also assume the rake from each focal mechanism. We adopted the Coulomb 3.2 (Lin and Stein, 2004; Toda et al., 2005), assuming a frictional ...
... For the fault planes discriminated from auxiliary planes in the previous section, we calculate the Coulomb stress change caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. We also assume the rake from each focal mechanism. We adopted the Coulomb 3.2 (Lin and Stein, 2004; Toda et al., 2005), assuming a frictional ...
Effects of Openings in Shear Wall on Seismic Response of Structures
... behavior of shear wall with opening under seismis load actions. In modern tall buildings, shear walls are commonly used as a vertical structural element for resisting the lateral loads that may be induced by the effect of wind and earthquakes. Shear walls are generally located at the sides of buildi ...
... behavior of shear wall with opening under seismis load actions. In modern tall buildings, shear walls are commonly used as a vertical structural element for resisting the lateral loads that may be induced by the effect of wind and earthquakes. Shear walls are generally located at the sides of buildi ...
Centrifuge tests to assess seismic site response of partially
... instrumented sites during past earthquakes [1,4–15]. In general, lower site amplification factors were observed during earthquakes with higher bedrock motion intensities [8,11–15]. This could be attributed to the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of soils and higher damping values as a result of highe ...
... instrumented sites during past earthquakes [1,4–15]. In general, lower site amplification factors were observed during earthquakes with higher bedrock motion intensities [8,11–15]. This could be attributed to the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of soils and higher damping values as a result of highe ...
Recipe for Predicting Strong Ground Motion from Crustal
... Recipe for Predicting Strong Ground Motion from Crustal Earthquake Scenarios KOJIRO IRIKURA1 and HIROE MIYAKE2 Abstract—We developed a recipe for predicting strong ground motions based on a characterization of the source model for future crustal earthquakes. From recent developments of waveform inve ...
... Recipe for Predicting Strong Ground Motion from Crustal Earthquake Scenarios KOJIRO IRIKURA1 and HIROE MIYAKE2 Abstract—We developed a recipe for predicting strong ground motions based on a characterization of the source model for future crustal earthquakes. From recent developments of waveform inve ...
Lessons learned from the Tohoku earthquake / tsunami and
... nuclear power station (NPS). The earthquake was officially named as “off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake” by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), but often abbreviated as the Tohoku (-oki) earthquake. The earthquake and tsunami disaster, including the NPS accident, was named as “the Great E ...
... nuclear power station (NPS). The earthquake was officially named as “off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake” by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), but often abbreviated as the Tohoku (-oki) earthquake. The earthquake and tsunami disaster, including the NPS accident, was named as “the Great E ...
Urgent aftershock observation of the 2004 off the Kii Peninsula... using ocean bottom seismometers
... The 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquake occurred on September 5, 2004. Knowing the precise aftershock distribution is important for understanding the mechanism of this earthquake. However, the hypocenter of the main shock was located more than 100 km offshore from the nearest station of the land o ...
... The 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquake occurred on September 5, 2004. Knowing the precise aftershock distribution is important for understanding the mechanism of this earthquake. However, the hypocenter of the main shock was located more than 100 km offshore from the nearest station of the land o ...
1 - Purdue University
... time” so that one can see not only where earthquakes have occurred, but also the patterns in time. To further enhance the display, the epicenters and volcanic eruptions are plotted with symbols that are scaled according to magnitude of the earthquake or eruption. Further, the epicenter symbols are c ...
... time” so that one can see not only where earthquakes have occurred, but also the patterns in time. To further enhance the display, the epicenters and volcanic eruptions are plotted with symbols that are scaled according to magnitude of the earthquake or eruption. Further, the epicenter symbols are c ...
Focal depth estimates of earthquakes in the Himalayan
... high elevation and crustal uplift of the Tibetan plateau have been proposed, such as the continental extrusion (Tapponnier et al., 2001), lower crustal flow (Royden et al., 1997; Ozacar and Zandt, 2004) and lithosphere delamination (Chen and Tseng, 2007). These geologic processes likely cause strong ...
... high elevation and crustal uplift of the Tibetan plateau have been proposed, such as the continental extrusion (Tapponnier et al., 2001), lower crustal flow (Royden et al., 1997; Ozacar and Zandt, 2004) and lithosphere delamination (Chen and Tseng, 2007). These geologic processes likely cause strong ...
Earthquake geotechnical engineering practice
... Module 4: Foundations, and Module 6: Retaining Walls, will also be of interest to practising structural engineers although it is intended that they should work in close collaboration with geotechnical engineering professionals to develop designs for significant building foundations and retaining str ...
... Module 4: Foundations, and Module 6: Retaining Walls, will also be of interest to practising structural engineers although it is intended that they should work in close collaboration with geotechnical engineering professionals to develop designs for significant building foundations and retaining str ...
Repeating earthquakes and quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east... northern Honshu, Japan Toru Matsuzawa , Naoki Uchida
... at the asperity. Nonetheless, the repeating earthquake data is one of the important tools at present for estimating the quasistatic slip distribution. In this study, we estimated the quasi-static slip variation on the plate boundary east off northern Honshu during an earthquake swarm using the small ...
... at the asperity. Nonetheless, the repeating earthquake data is one of the important tools at present for estimating the quasistatic slip distribution. In this study, we estimated the quasi-static slip variation on the plate boundary east off northern Honshu during an earthquake swarm using the small ...
CV - NGRI
... by the Ministry of Earth Sciences. Under this programme earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna region of Maharashtra are being continuously monitored in real time through satellite network, which has led to successful short term earthquake forecasts based on an earthquake precursory phenomenon referred as n ...
... by the Ministry of Earth Sciences. Under this programme earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna region of Maharashtra are being continuously monitored in real time through satellite network, which has led to successful short term earthquake forecasts based on an earthquake precursory phenomenon referred as n ...
Seismic retrofit
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ExteiorShearTruss.jpg?width=300)
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries (US, Japan etc.) and late 1970s for many other parts of the world (Turkey, China etc.), many structures were designed without adequate detailing and reinforcement for seismic protection. In view of the imminent problem, various research work has been carried out. State-of-the-art technical guidelines for seismic assessment, retrofit and rehabilitation have been published around the world - such as the ASCE-SEI 41 and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)'s guidelines. These codes must be regularly updated; the 1994 Northridge earthquake brought to light the brittleness of welded steel frames, for example.The retrofit techniques outlined here are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms. Whilst current practice of seismic retrofitting is predominantly concerned with structural improvements to reduce the seismic hazard of using the structures, it is similarly essential to reduce the hazards and losses from non-structural elements. It is also important to keep in mind that there is no such thing as an earthquake-proof structure, although seismic performance can be greatly enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent modifications.