Certain uncertainty
... warm weather from the lower latitudes. Conversely, if the jet stream meanders to the south it can bring unsettled weather and colder temperatures. The WMO report notes that 2010 was not only the warmest year on record, but also the wettest globally. Floods were the most frequent extreme events durin ...
... warm weather from the lower latitudes. Conversely, if the jet stream meanders to the south it can bring unsettled weather and colder temperatures. The WMO report notes that 2010 was not only the warmest year on record, but also the wettest globally. Floods were the most frequent extreme events durin ...
Atmospheric Science and Air Pollution
... portion of the thermohaline circulation, consisting of dense, cool water that sinks Interrupting the thermohaline circulation could trigger rapid climate change ...
... portion of the thermohaline circulation, consisting of dense, cool water that sinks Interrupting the thermohaline circulation could trigger rapid climate change ...
CAN LIZARDS BEAT THE HEAT , OR WILL THEY GO ExTINCT
... These authors7 then make a case for a global model that can be built on their original observations and, by incorporating Tb into their model, they predict the geographic regions and species that are most vulnerable because of a reduction in ht. Bill Branch of the Port Elizabeth Museum, a co-author ...
... These authors7 then make a case for a global model that can be built on their original observations and, by incorporating Tb into their model, they predict the geographic regions and species that are most vulnerable because of a reduction in ht. Bill Branch of the Port Elizabeth Museum, a co-author ...
Drought assessment and trends analysis from 20th century
... 2014). Statistical downscaling methods are perhaps the most widely used to bridge the gap between GCMs simulations and what is needed in climate impact studies (Storch and Zwiers, 1999). Based on the quantile-based mapping method (CDF matching) (Panofsky and Brier, 1958), Li et al. (2010) developed ...
... 2014). Statistical downscaling methods are perhaps the most widely used to bridge the gap between GCMs simulations and what is needed in climate impact studies (Storch and Zwiers, 1999). Based on the quantile-based mapping method (CDF matching) (Panofsky and Brier, 1958), Li et al. (2010) developed ...
Expansion of the world`s deserts due to vegetation
... Received 20 June 2009; revised 24 July 2009; accepted 5 August 2009; published 9 September 2009. ...
... Received 20 June 2009; revised 24 July 2009; accepted 5 August 2009; published 9 September 2009. ...
Math Poster
... perception system lessens) but the bending enhances the curvature compensation signal. ...
... perception system lessens) but the bending enhances the curvature compensation signal. ...
Financial Risk Management and Global Climate Change:
... generating the risks and hence the application of standard delta and gamma hedges provide extremely poor performance. A completely new approach is required and the robust optimal control literature can be applied here with relative ease 1. We propose to develop robust option pricing and hedging inst ...
... generating the risks and hence the application of standard delta and gamma hedges provide extremely poor performance. A completely new approach is required and the robust optimal control literature can be applied here with relative ease 1. We propose to develop robust option pricing and hedging inst ...
Lesson 5
... Aircraft can carry a variety of weather-sensing instruments and collect data in places far from ground stations, such as over oceans. ...
... Aircraft can carry a variety of weather-sensing instruments and collect data in places far from ground stations, such as over oceans. ...
Biome Models - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... 1884; Cramer and Leemans, 1993). Climatic factors may be used to identify environmental correlates or even causes for the distributional limits of either biomes or species. Classically, the factors used were easily accessible longer-term averages of standard variables, such as annual or monthly aver ...
... 1884; Cramer and Leemans, 1993). Climatic factors may be used to identify environmental correlates or even causes for the distributional limits of either biomes or species. Classically, the factors used were easily accessible longer-term averages of standard variables, such as annual or monthly aver ...
Climate change, fires, and carbon aerosol over N. America
... All ecosystems across the western US show increases in Area Burned between ~5 and 90% due to increasing temperatures. ...
... All ecosystems across the western US show increases in Area Burned between ~5 and 90% due to increasing temperatures. ...
Understanding Weather Maps - University of Alaska Fairbanks
... • Base reference is sea level • Contours are lines of constant atmospheric pressure at sea level • Contours thus depict where certain atmospheric pressures intersect sea level • You will find bulls-‐eyes ...
... • Base reference is sea level • Contours are lines of constant atmospheric pressure at sea level • Contours thus depict where certain atmospheric pressures intersect sea level • You will find bulls-‐eyes ...
Science MJScience Resource Page - Central Region Office
... weather and climate • Differentiate and/or explain interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. • Identify and describe the composition and structure of the atmosphere and how the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet • Compare and contrast the dif ...
... weather and climate • Differentiate and/or explain interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. • Identify and describe the composition and structure of the atmosphere and how the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet • Compare and contrast the dif ...
Integrated Assessment of Agricultural Systems
... pesticide use and irrigation water use. The farm model uses information on the various, current and alternative, agricultural activities which can be practiced on the major farming systems across the EU, i.e. annual and perennial cropping activities and livestock activities. Externalities of activit ...
... pesticide use and irrigation water use. The farm model uses information on the various, current and alternative, agricultural activities which can be practiced on the major farming systems across the EU, i.e. annual and perennial cropping activities and livestock activities. Externalities of activit ...
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in water hazard assessments using regional
... conditions have been forgotten, but results are still dependent on the lateral boundary conditions from a numerical global model weather prediction model ( in which the initial atmospheric conditions are not yet forgotten) or a global data reanalysis, and on the bottom boundary conditions. Type 2 in ...
... conditions have been forgotten, but results are still dependent on the lateral boundary conditions from a numerical global model weather prediction model ( in which the initial atmospheric conditions are not yet forgotten) or a global data reanalysis, and on the bottom boundary conditions. Type 2 in ...
European Consortium for Modelling of Air Pollution and Climate
... The project draws on a diverse and extensive amount of information to evaluate the effectiveness of current EU policies, and to guide modifications of these policies to ensure clean air and climate change mitigation targets are achieved. The project utilizes twelve major models, each model is tailor ...
... The project draws on a diverse and extensive amount of information to evaluate the effectiveness of current EU policies, and to guide modifications of these policies to ensure clean air and climate change mitigation targets are achieved. The project utilizes twelve major models, each model is tailor ...
O 3
... solar insolation. – Changes in solar output greatly affect the temperature in the thermosphere. These changes cause the region to shrink and puff out, providing atmospheric drag on low orbit satellites in space. ...
... solar insolation. – Changes in solar output greatly affect the temperature in the thermosphere. These changes cause the region to shrink and puff out, providing atmospheric drag on low orbit satellites in space. ...
Annual Report 2012 - Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
... the generality of patterns observed in the Winds and 2.) Revisit all sites from 2010 to pick up temperature sensors and to resurvey a subset of sites to test for annual differences. Forty sites in the Bighorns were surveyed for scat and at a subset of these temperature sensors were deployed to measu ...
... the generality of patterns observed in the Winds and 2.) Revisit all sites from 2010 to pick up temperature sensors and to resurvey a subset of sites to test for annual differences. Forty sites in the Bighorns were surveyed for scat and at a subset of these temperature sensors were deployed to measu ...
PPT - Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group
... Basic working of climate models All climate models depend on basic physics to describe motions and thermodynamics of the atmosphere: E.g., vertical structure of pressure is described by hydrostatic equation ...
... Basic working of climate models All climate models depend on basic physics to describe motions and thermodynamics of the atmosphere: E.g., vertical structure of pressure is described by hydrostatic equation ...
Weather by Design 5 weeks
... Low pressure system- signals rainy or stormy conditions with counterclockwise circulating winds. Storm-occurs when pressure differences cause rapid air movement Thunderstorm- a storm with thunder and lightening, heavy rains, strong winds; form in cumulonimbus clouds, usually along a cold front but a ...
... Low pressure system- signals rainy or stormy conditions with counterclockwise circulating winds. Storm-occurs when pressure differences cause rapid air movement Thunderstorm- a storm with thunder and lightening, heavy rains, strong winds; form in cumulonimbus clouds, usually along a cold front but a ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.