NGSS Earth Science Weather and Climate Unit
... The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities. These changes can occur on a variety of ...
... The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities. These changes can occur on a variety of ...
What will Earth`s future climate look like?
... One result of this could be an increased frequency and severity of flooding in already susceptible areas. But many of the already arid and semi-arid regions on Earth could see a decrease in rainfall, implying an increased frequency and severity of drought. There is nothing particularly ‘fair’ about ...
... One result of this could be an increased frequency and severity of flooding in already susceptible areas. But many of the already arid and semi-arid regions on Earth could see a decrease in rainfall, implying an increased frequency and severity of drought. There is nothing particularly ‘fair’ about ...
Dias nummer 1 - Integrated Arctic Observation System
... Johanna Baehr (UHAM), Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen (DMI) Methodology: To develop and apply novel statistical and dynamical approaches to quantify predictability of weather and climate extremes Motivation: • Extreme or hazardous weather events themselves have low predictability, but the conditions ...
... Johanna Baehr (UHAM), Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen (DMI) Methodology: To develop and apply novel statistical and dynamical approaches to quantify predictability of weather and climate extremes Motivation: • Extreme or hazardous weather events themselves have low predictability, but the conditions ...
Global Circulation Models – the basis for climate change science
... full GCM, one would expect there to be only a few models. In fact, a number of different groups have developed and refined models over the years, and the IPCC Third Assessment Report uses no fewer than 34 AOGCMs, some of which exist in ...
... full GCM, one would expect there to be only a few models. In fact, a number of different groups have developed and refined models over the years, and the IPCC Third Assessment Report uses no fewer than 34 AOGCMs, some of which exist in ...
Modelling Short Term Impacts of Climate Change
... • Weather charts – back to the late 1800s • Windspeed data – back to the 1960s • Re-analysis data • e.g. European Center Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA40 and ERAInterim • “best guess” snapshot of the world’s weather at six-hourly intervals since 1957 • Numerical models - mathematical m ...
... • Weather charts – back to the late 1800s • Windspeed data – back to the 1960s • Re-analysis data • e.g. European Center Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA40 and ERAInterim • “best guess” snapshot of the world’s weather at six-hourly intervals since 1957 • Numerical models - mathematical m ...
W5 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization
... The most recent set of global climate model projections have been submitted to, and are being analyzed by, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the publication of their Fourth Assessment Report in 2007. PICES Working Group 20 was created to perform an evaluation of these projecti ...
... The most recent set of global climate model projections have been submitted to, and are being analyzed by, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the publication of their Fourth Assessment Report in 2007. PICES Working Group 20 was created to perform an evaluation of these projecti ...
Scenario building in climate science
... and humidity, wind and Do temperature andcurrent. precipitation proxies yield the same NAO reconstruction? … because of the limited resolution, the equations are not closed but must be closed by “parameterizations”, which represent educated estimates of the expected effect of non-described processes ...
... and humidity, wind and Do temperature andcurrent. precipitation proxies yield the same NAO reconstruction? … because of the limited resolution, the equations are not closed but must be closed by “parameterizations”, which represent educated estimates of the expected effect of non-described processes ...
f(x) - Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences
... and CFMIP (models from different centres) • For each multi-model ensemble member, find point in HadCM3 parameter space that is closest to that member • There is a distance between climates of this multi-model ensemble member and this point in parameter space i.e. effect of processes not explored by ...
... and CFMIP (models from different centres) • For each multi-model ensemble member, find point in HadCM3 parameter space that is closest to that member • There is a distance between climates of this multi-model ensemble member and this point in parameter space i.e. effect of processes not explored by ...
- Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR)
... Actionable regional information: models and data Consistency of CORDEX experiments and protocols Recognize regional peculiarities and local ownership Past, present, future (predictions and projections) Importance of assessments and validations Benefits of a multi-model approach to capture uncertaint ...
... Actionable regional information: models and data Consistency of CORDEX experiments and protocols Recognize regional peculiarities and local ownership Past, present, future (predictions and projections) Importance of assessments and validations Benefits of a multi-model approach to capture uncertaint ...
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... For this moment the atmospheric electric field is insufficiently studied due to the lack of in-situ measurements in cumulus clouds at the mature stage. However, there are possibilities to use output data of numerical weather prediction models for explicit algorithms of thunderstorm forecast and anal ...
... For this moment the atmospheric electric field is insufficiently studied due to the lack of in-situ measurements in cumulus clouds at the mature stage. However, there are possibilities to use output data of numerical weather prediction models for explicit algorithms of thunderstorm forecast and anal ...
Human-forced climate change has already hit our region
... • Sophisticated computer simulations based on the physics of the atmosphere and ocean. • Atmospheric parts are nearly identical to weather prediction models, which are tested every day, but with atmospheric gases vary in time. ...
... • Sophisticated computer simulations based on the physics of the atmosphere and ocean. • Atmospheric parts are nearly identical to weather prediction models, which are tested every day, but with atmospheric gases vary in time. ...
Why Are So Many Models and Scenarios Used to Project
... Models of varying complexity are commonly used for different projection problems. A faster model with lower resolution, or a simplified description of some climate processes, may be used in cases where long multi-century simulations are required, or where multiple realizations are needed. Simplified ...
... Models of varying complexity are commonly used for different projection problems. A faster model with lower resolution, or a simplified description of some climate processes, may be used in cases where long multi-century simulations are required, or where multiple realizations are needed. Simplified ...
Slide 1
... the horizontal and a hybrid vertical coordinate. There are 19 levels from the ground up to 0.5 hPa and the horizontal resolution is 0.22o x 0.22o or, 25 x 25 km, while the model time-step is 5 minutes. The ERA-40 Lateral Boundary Conditions (LBC) are the drivers of the simulation and are produced fr ...
... the horizontal and a hybrid vertical coordinate. There are 19 levels from the ground up to 0.5 hPa and the horizontal resolution is 0.22o x 0.22o or, 25 x 25 km, while the model time-step is 5 minutes. The ERA-40 Lateral Boundary Conditions (LBC) are the drivers of the simulation and are produced fr ...
Uncertainty in Climate Predictions
... the changes in CO2 over time. A mapping F takes the state from time t to t + 1. It uses both the current state of the climate system, xt and the values of the external forces, y t to produce a dynamical result for the next time step. Concisely, xt+1 = F (xt , y t ). Here the individual time steps of ...
... the changes in CO2 over time. A mapping F takes the state from time t to t + 1. It uses both the current state of the climate system, xt and the values of the external forces, y t to produce a dynamical result for the next time step. Concisely, xt+1 = F (xt , y t ). Here the individual time steps of ...
Clarity on clouds Flourishing forests sea level spike Water
... disturbances was known, together with 100 years of local climate data. They found that in 78 per cent of the forest plots, increases in forest biomass over the past two decades have outpaced increases predicted from natural recovery by an average of 4.15 tonnes per hectare per year. The increase in ...
... disturbances was known, together with 100 years of local climate data. They found that in 78 per cent of the forest plots, increases in forest biomass over the past two decades have outpaced increases predicted from natural recovery by an average of 4.15 tonnes per hectare per year. The increase in ...
Quiz 1 Study List
... Weather: is the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a given time in a given place. Atmosphere: is the layer of air surrounding Earth. Troposphere: lies next to Earths surface and is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. The atmospheric pressure is higher due to gravitational forces. This is the layer w ...
... Weather: is the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a given time in a given place. Atmosphere: is the layer of air surrounding Earth. Troposphere: lies next to Earths surface and is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. The atmospheric pressure is higher due to gravitational forces. This is the layer w ...
Weather Prediction by Numerical Process Lewis Fry Richardson 1922
... temperature, wind Temperature -->density Pressure Pressure gradient Wind temperature ...
... temperature, wind Temperature -->density Pressure Pressure gradient Wind temperature ...
Investigation and Numerical Resolution of Some
... In mathematical modeling of many natural phenomena and processes can be described by the initial-boundary value problems posed for parabolic differential and integrodifferential models. Most of these problems are nonlinear and multi-dimensional. These moments significantly complicate investigation o ...
... In mathematical modeling of many natural phenomena and processes can be described by the initial-boundary value problems posed for parabolic differential and integrodifferential models. Most of these problems are nonlinear and multi-dimensional. These moments significantly complicate investigation o ...
Energy production outline
... Simple and complex modelling: The kinetic theory of gases is a simple mathematical model that produces a good approximation of the behaviour of real gases. Scientists are also attempting to model the Earth’s climate, which is a far more complex system. Advances in data availability and the ability t ...
... Simple and complex modelling: The kinetic theory of gases is a simple mathematical model that produces a good approximation of the behaviour of real gases. Scientists are also attempting to model the Earth’s climate, which is a far more complex system. Advances in data availability and the ability t ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.