Introduction - San Jose State University
... oriented to service oriented. – Focus on social and economic sustainability ...
... oriented to service oriented. – Focus on social and economic sustainability ...
Objective of Downscaling
... The ‘Mismatch’ of Scale Issue “Most GCMs neither incorporate nor provide information on scales smaller than a few hundred kilometers. The effective size or scale of the ecosystem on which climatic impacts actually occur is usually much smaller than this. We are therefore faced with the problem of e ...
... The ‘Mismatch’ of Scale Issue “Most GCMs neither incorporate nor provide information on scales smaller than a few hundred kilometers. The effective size or scale of the ecosystem on which climatic impacts actually occur is usually much smaller than this. We are therefore faced with the problem of e ...
Global Climate Change?
... Global Warming: Next summer will be hotter than last summer. Not borne out for the average person Global Climate Change: How do you measure “change” in a meaningful way? Global Climate Change Increasing Weather Volatility Has Real Impacts (economic and public health) ...
... Global Warming: Next summer will be hotter than last summer. Not borne out for the average person Global Climate Change: How do you measure “change” in a meaningful way? Global Climate Change Increasing Weather Volatility Has Real Impacts (economic and public health) ...
Climate change impacts and water in Western
... Simple indices vs. water balance model The SPI is an index based on the probability of recording a given amount of precipitation, and the probabilities are standardized so that an index of zero indicates the median precipitation amount ...
... Simple indices vs. water balance model The SPI is an index based on the probability of recording a given amount of precipitation, and the probabilities are standardized so that an index of zero indicates the median precipitation amount ...
its
... discern “natural” timescales Past climate data has low time resolution Climate models do not know all the input physics Grid models have too coarse of resolution to adequately account for the presence of clouds in the grid cell. System Lag time! ...
... discern “natural” timescales Past climate data has low time resolution Climate models do not know all the input physics Grid models have too coarse of resolution to adequately account for the presence of clouds in the grid cell. System Lag time! ...
DEB theory
... Originates from physics, where e stands for measurement error Problem: deviations from model are frequently not measurement errors Alternatives: • deterministic systems with stochastic inputs • differences in parameter values between individuals Problem: parameter estimation methods become very comp ...
... Originates from physics, where e stands for measurement error Problem: deviations from model are frequently not measurement errors Alternatives: • deterministic systems with stochastic inputs • differences in parameter values between individuals Problem: parameter estimation methods become very comp ...
Challenges in Climate Modelling Noel Aquilina
... human-induced forcing and estimating the changes. ...
... human-induced forcing and estimating the changes. ...
Conceptual models - University of Bristol
... are painted to form a map of the globe. The ceiling represents the north polar regions, England is in the gallery, the tropics in the upper circle, Australia on the dress circle and the antarctic in the pit…. ...
... are painted to form a map of the globe. The ceiling represents the north polar regions, England is in the gallery, the tropics in the upper circle, Australia on the dress circle and the antarctic in the pit…. ...
Linking Urban Pollution, Tropospheric Chemistry and Climate Change
... chemistry and climate (e.g., tropospheric O3 and NOx budgets, radiative forcing by O3 and aerosols); Impact of future climate change on urban air pollution and tropospheric chemistry (e.g., effects of clouds, UV, precipitation, H2O, and temperature on reaction rates); Interaction between urban/tropo ...
... chemistry and climate (e.g., tropospheric O3 and NOx budgets, radiative forcing by O3 and aerosols); Impact of future climate change on urban air pollution and tropospheric chemistry (e.g., effects of clouds, UV, precipitation, H2O, and temperature on reaction rates); Interaction between urban/tropo ...
Imagine if They Disagreed With Us!
... may be great danger). It quoted climate scientist Gavin Schmidt agreeing with us that “looking at temperatures in a vacuum” does not suggest a dangerous rate of global warming. Schmidt explained that his prediction that the future will look very different from the past is based on models. Our point ...
... may be great danger). It quoted climate scientist Gavin Schmidt agreeing with us that “looking at temperatures in a vacuum” does not suggest a dangerous rate of global warming. Schmidt explained that his prediction that the future will look very different from the past is based on models. Our point ...
PPT File
... in terms of eigenmodes of a linearized system of equations. • The 0-th mode is equivalent to the vertically-averaged component of the motion, also known as the barotropic mode. • The higher modes are called baroclinic modes and are associated with higher order components of the vertical density prof ...
... in terms of eigenmodes of a linearized system of equations. • The 0-th mode is equivalent to the vertically-averaged component of the motion, also known as the barotropic mode. • The higher modes are called baroclinic modes and are associated with higher order components of the vertical density prof ...
Atmospheric Water Vapour in the Climate System: Climate Models 1
... a scale smaller than the grid size are not explicitly modelled • However, they can have a big impact on the model variables • These processes have to be “parameterized” ...
... a scale smaller than the grid size are not explicitly modelled • However, they can have a big impact on the model variables • These processes have to be “parameterized” ...
City of San Diego Water Demand Forecast
... – Number of rainy days in month – One and two month lag effects for precipitation variables (varies by sector) • Measured as departure from normal (average) weather ...
... – Number of rainy days in month – One and two month lag effects for precipitation variables (varies by sector) • Measured as departure from normal (average) weather ...
Document
... • Develop mathematical models, i.e. ordinary differential equations, that describe the relationship between input and output characteristics of a system. • These equations can then be used to forecast the behaviour of the system under specific conditions. • All systems can normally be approximated a ...
... • Develop mathematical models, i.e. ordinary differential equations, that describe the relationship between input and output characteristics of a system. • These equations can then be used to forecast the behaviour of the system under specific conditions. • All systems can normally be approximated a ...
BIRS 2016 Final Report
... Identifying regional failures, i.e. times and locations where a climate prediction ensemble fails in the sense that the model is unable to produce any ensemble members that represent the observed state, is an important example of what we aim for. Similarly, one could ask – alternatively, for multi-m ...
... Identifying regional failures, i.e. times and locations where a climate prediction ensemble fails in the sense that the model is unable to produce any ensemble members that represent the observed state, is an important example of what we aim for. Similarly, one could ask – alternatively, for multi-m ...
Scientific Models
... have been supported by repeated tests. A theory not only explains an observation you’ve made but also can predict what might happen in the future. Scientists use models to help guide their search for new information. This information can help support a theory or can show that the theory is wrong. Ke ...
... have been supported by repeated tests. A theory not only explains an observation you’ve made but also can predict what might happen in the future. Scientists use models to help guide their search for new information. This information can help support a theory or can show that the theory is wrong. Ke ...
Equilibrium response of a climate model when feedbacks are
... change studies in the last few years. This technique consists of using output from GCM simulations to provide initial and driving lateral meteorological boundary conditions for high-resolution regional climate model simulations, generally with no feedback from the regional climate model to the drivi ...
... change studies in the last few years. This technique consists of using output from GCM simulations to provide initial and driving lateral meteorological boundary conditions for high-resolution regional climate model simulations, generally with no feedback from the regional climate model to the drivi ...
Suspended particle matters, aerosols, in the atmosphere (e.g., soot
... Suspended particle matters, aerosols, in the atmosphere (e.g., soot, dust, etc.) affect visibility and respiratory organs of human and other animals. They also cause climate change. It is, however, still difficult to predict aerosol concentrations precisely in the atmosphere and to estimate the aero ...
... Suspended particle matters, aerosols, in the atmosphere (e.g., soot, dust, etc.) affect visibility and respiratory organs of human and other animals. They also cause climate change. It is, however, still difficult to predict aerosol concentrations precisely in the atmosphere and to estimate the aero ...
Weather and Climate - Free Printable Tests and Worksheets
... 11. The state of the earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place is called http://www.helpteaching.com/tests/159771/weather-and-climate ...
... 11. The state of the earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place is called http://www.helpteaching.com/tests/159771/weather-and-climate ...
Climate and Meteorology 02: The Atmosphere At the end of this
... Tab: Studying the Atmosphere What was the white box on the Wonder Page? ______________________________________________ What does it do? _______________________________________________________________________ How are weather balloons used by meteorologists? ___________________________________________ ...
... Tab: Studying the Atmosphere What was the white box on the Wonder Page? ______________________________________________ What does it do? _______________________________________________________________________ How are weather balloons used by meteorologists? ___________________________________________ ...
Introduction - Weather Underground
... Figure 4.18 Past and predicted changes in global average atmospheric CO2 concentration ...
... Figure 4.18 Past and predicted changes in global average atmospheric CO2 concentration ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.