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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... – ultimate goal of reconciling the genetic (linkage) and physical (sequence) maps of chromosomes ...
Mutation and DNA Repair
Mutation and DNA Repair

... DNA ends, or by a gene-conversion-like mechanism that involves the homologous chromosome. The breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in this pathway. Mismatch repair. Mispaired bases (those not caught by the DNA polymerase’s editing function) are repaired by an enzyme comple ...
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... proteins. For example, more than 10% of the protein-coding genes in CRC were differentially methylated when compared with normal colorectal epithelial cells.  Some of these changes in Epi-driver genes provide a selective growth advantage. For example, epigenetic silencing of CDK2NA and MLH1 is much ...
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... • The material in the nucleus that contains all of the cell’s genetic information. • The nucleus contains the master set of instructions that determines • what each cell will become, ...
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... better understand the genesis of the disease, and in clinical research as these new findings are factored into potential treatment approaches.” In this study, researchers identified promising therapeutic targets, including three families of tyrosine kinases, which are enzymes that function as on or ...
Nikrosebeijingalumninov2010
Nikrosebeijingalumninov2010

... reflecting a strong medical infrastructure, substantially lower costs and the relative ease of recruiting patients with diseases under investigation – which allows trials to be launched more rapidly. ...
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The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

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... • The numbers and types of offspring in a cross are determined by the above laws • Separate genes behave independently of each other (later, exceptions to this rule were found) ...
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... the DNA from the parent cell. Explain two mechanisms how eukaryotes have exactly the same copy of DNA in each cell, yet different proteins can be expressed. ...
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... sequential order, starting with ITGB4. Using genomic DNA obtained from the submitted biological material, bidirectional sequence of the coding region and splice junctions of the ITGB4 gene (41 coding exons) and ITGA6 gene (26 coding exons) are analyzed. Sequencing of the coding region and splice sit ...
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Oncogenomics



Oncogenomics is a relatively new sub-field of genomics that applies high throughput technologies to characterize genes associated with cancer. Oncogenomics is synonymous with ""cancer genomics"". Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of mutations to DNA leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. The goal of oncogenomics is to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers, and new targets for cancer therapies. The success of targeted cancer therapies such as Gleevec, Herceptin, and Avastin raised the hope for oncogenomics to elucidate new targets for cancer treatment.Besides understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that initiates or drives cancer progression, one of the main goals of oncogenomics is to allow for the development of personalized cancer treatment. Cancer develops due to an accumulation of mutations in DNA. These mutations accumulate randomly, and thus, different DNA mutations and mutation combinations exist between different individuals with the same type of cancer. Thus, identifying and targeting specific mutations which have occurred in an individual patient may lead to increased efficacy of cancer therapy.The completion of the Human Genome Project has greatly facilitated the field of oncogenomics and has increased the abilities of researchers to find cancer causing genes. In addition, the sequencing technologies now available for sequence generation and data analysis have been applied to the study of oncogenomics. With the amount of research conducted on cancer genomes and the accumulation of databases documenting the mutational changes, it has been predicted that the most important cancer-causing mutations, rearrangements, and altered expression levels will be cataloged and well characterized within the next decade.Cancer research may look either on the genomic level at DNA mutations, the epigenetic level at methylation or histone modification changes, the transcription level at altered levels of gene expression, or the protein level at altered levels of protein abundance and function in cancer cells. Oncogenomics focuses on the genomic, epigenomic, and transcript level alterations in cancer.
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