7900256a 380..387
... not been observed in human cancers suggesting that altered expression of other genes must be responsible for the aneuploidy observed in cancer. Also, it has been shown that mammalian cells with reduced expression of MAD2 show CIN even though additional mutations are likely necessary for cellular tra ...
... not been observed in human cancers suggesting that altered expression of other genes must be responsible for the aneuploidy observed in cancer. Also, it has been shown that mammalian cells with reduced expression of MAD2 show CIN even though additional mutations are likely necessary for cellular tra ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to
... organizer, recruiting other lineage-specific transcription factors to their promoters. Expression: During embryogenesis, RUNX1 can be detected in hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial cells of the AGM region, while after organogenesis, RUNX1 is predominantly expressed in the hematopoietic system. ...
... organizer, recruiting other lineage-specific transcription factors to their promoters. Expression: During embryogenesis, RUNX1 can be detected in hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial cells of the AGM region, while after organogenesis, RUNX1 is predominantly expressed in the hematopoietic system. ...
Gene Mutations Caused by Radiation
... manner, that is, by given substances and/or with attendant conditions of a suitable kind. This is shown clearly by the great variations in the overall frequency of spontaneous gene mutations found in different experiments, amounting to 10 times or more [Muller (40, 41)]. Not only can genetic differe ...
... manner, that is, by given substances and/or with attendant conditions of a suitable kind. This is shown clearly by the great variations in the overall frequency of spontaneous gene mutations found in different experiments, amounting to 10 times or more [Muller (40, 41)]. Not only can genetic differe ...
Genomic Gene Clustering Analysis of Pathways
... studies. To estimate the significance of the observed average clustering score of a pathway in a genome, it was compared to the distribution of 200 iterations of placing the same number of genes on randomly picked known gene positions. Friedman and Hughes (2001) used a similar approach for determini ...
... studies. To estimate the significance of the observed average clustering score of a pathway in a genome, it was compared to the distribution of 200 iterations of placing the same number of genes on randomly picked known gene positions. Friedman and Hughes (2001) used a similar approach for determini ...
Glossary of Genetic Terms 11Jul15
... Cancer - Diseases in which abnormal cells divide and grow unchecked. Cancer can spread from its original site to other parts of the body and can also be fatal if not treated adequately. The prime risk factor for cancer is age. Tissues that are especially prone to cancer tend to be those that do a lo ...
... Cancer - Diseases in which abnormal cells divide and grow unchecked. Cancer can spread from its original site to other parts of the body and can also be fatal if not treated adequately. The prime risk factor for cancer is age. Tissues that are especially prone to cancer tend to be those that do a lo ...
Mutational landscape of the human Y chromosome
... Kumari et al. 2012). Sporadic mutations and environmental factors both affect the Y chromosome causing alteration in genes and loci. These alterations predispose individuals to produce sperm with de novo mutations that are passed on to the progeny with defective Y chromosome. Of all the important ge ...
... Kumari et al. 2012). Sporadic mutations and environmental factors both affect the Y chromosome causing alteration in genes and loci. These alterations predispose individuals to produce sperm with de novo mutations that are passed on to the progeny with defective Y chromosome. Of all the important ge ...
Automatic detection of conserved gene clusters in
... cluster. We analyzed 17 completely sequenced microbial genomes and obtained 2313 clusters when the completeness parameter P was 40%. About one quarter contained at least two genes that appeared in the metabolic and regulatory pathways in the KEGG database. This collection of conserved gene clusters ...
... cluster. We analyzed 17 completely sequenced microbial genomes and obtained 2313 clusters when the completeness parameter P was 40%. About one quarter contained at least two genes that appeared in the metabolic and regulatory pathways in the KEGG database. This collection of conserved gene clusters ...
Down Syndrome: Antonarakis et al. (2004)
... We might consider that there are two categories of genes on human chromosome 21 (HSA21); those that are dosage sensitive (that is, three copies result in phenotypic effects; shown in red) and contribute to the phenotypes of Down syndrome (DS), and those that are not dosage sensitive (green) and ther ...
... We might consider that there are two categories of genes on human chromosome 21 (HSA21); those that are dosage sensitive (that is, three copies result in phenotypic effects; shown in red) and contribute to the phenotypes of Down syndrome (DS), and those that are not dosage sensitive (green) and ther ...
Ethnic differences in prostate cancer
... Kingdom (Chinegwundoh et al, 2006). This study reports that the age-adjusted incidence rates were 647 per 100 000 for African Caribbeans, 213 for Europeans and 199 for South Asians. It showed a 3-fold relative risk for prostate cancer in black men compared with white men; a modest increase in presen ...
... Kingdom (Chinegwundoh et al, 2006). This study reports that the age-adjusted incidence rates were 647 per 100 000 for African Caribbeans, 213 for Europeans and 199 for South Asians. It showed a 3-fold relative risk for prostate cancer in black men compared with white men; a modest increase in presen ...
Regulation of Stage I1 of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
... was then removed from plasmid pUC7IIG with EcoRI, which cleaved sites in the polylinker of pUC7, and cloned into phage DI :1t (Flock, 1977). Selection of phage $lOSIIG from the bank of recombinant phages was essentially as described elsewhere (Jenkinson & Mandelstam, 1983; Errington, 1984). The resu ...
... was then removed from plasmid pUC7IIG with EcoRI, which cleaved sites in the polylinker of pUC7, and cloned into phage DI :1t (Flock, 1977). Selection of phage $lOSIIG from the bank of recombinant phages was essentially as described elsewhere (Jenkinson & Mandelstam, 1983; Errington, 1984). The resu ...
Regulation of Stage I1 of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
... was then removed from plasmid pUC7IIG with EcoRI, which cleaved sites in the polylinker of pUC7, and cloned into phage DI :1t (Flock, 1977). Selection of phage $lOSIIG from the bank of recombinant phages was essentially as described elsewhere (Jenkinson & Mandelstam, 1983; Errington, 1984). The resu ...
... was then removed from plasmid pUC7IIG with EcoRI, which cleaved sites in the polylinker of pUC7, and cloned into phage DI :1t (Flock, 1977). Selection of phage $lOSIIG from the bank of recombinant phages was essentially as described elsewhere (Jenkinson & Mandelstam, 1983; Errington, 1984). The resu ...
- Journal of Clinical Neurology
... Most RYR1 mutations associated with MH and CCD have been reported as a private mutation having a single missense mutation in a family.14,24 However, the family in the present study showed two amino acid substitutions in the 4-6-8-3-7 common haplotype of the RYR1 gene (Fig. 1), which was completely i ...
... Most RYR1 mutations associated with MH and CCD have been reported as a private mutation having a single missense mutation in a family.14,24 However, the family in the present study showed two amino acid substitutions in the 4-6-8-3-7 common haplotype of the RYR1 gene (Fig. 1), which was completely i ...
Epilepsy…
... chemicals to contribute to the development of lung cancer Carbon monoxide – tobacco smoke contains 800 times the level considered safe by the U.S.E.P.A ...
... chemicals to contribute to the development of lung cancer Carbon monoxide – tobacco smoke contains 800 times the level considered safe by the U.S.E.P.A ...
The Big Picture: an outline of the concepts covered to date
... B. Each Gene can have different forms called alleles. There are two alleles in a diploid individual The form that is expressed phenotypically in the heterozygote is known as the dominant allele. It is an operational definition C. These copies (alleles) segregate from one another to form gametes. The ...
... B. Each Gene can have different forms called alleles. There are two alleles in a diploid individual The form that is expressed phenotypically in the heterozygote is known as the dominant allele. It is an operational definition C. These copies (alleles) segregate from one another to form gametes. The ...
Differentiated thyroid cancer: growth factors, oncogenes
... The growth inhibiting effect of iodine in thyroid tissues and thyroid cells in culture was well known for a long time but its molecular mechanism has not been demonstrated until very recently (9). Iodide is inserted into thyroid cells by an active process mediated by the sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS ...
... The growth inhibiting effect of iodine in thyroid tissues and thyroid cells in culture was well known for a long time but its molecular mechanism has not been demonstrated until very recently (9). Iodide is inserted into thyroid cells by an active process mediated by the sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS ...
Table 7. Summary statistics for the consensus gene set of Haliotis
... discus hannai was 1.86 Gb, and this is the biggest genome among known gastropods. It is 5.31 and 2.02 times larger than genomes size of L.gigantea (0.35 Gb) and A.californica (0.92 Gb) in the same Gastropoda class. In animals, the increase of genome size is commonly driven by transposable element, ...
... discus hannai was 1.86 Gb, and this is the biggest genome among known gastropods. It is 5.31 and 2.02 times larger than genomes size of L.gigantea (0.35 Gb) and A.californica (0.92 Gb) in the same Gastropoda class. In animals, the increase of genome size is commonly driven by transposable element, ...
CHAPTER 6 Molecular Genetics: From DNA to Proteins
... research. In the 1950s, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase did experiments with viruses and bacteria. Viruses are not cells. They are basically DNA inside a protein coat. To reproduce, a virus must insert its own genetic material into a cell (such as a bacterium). Then it uses the cell’s machinery to m ...
... research. In the 1950s, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase did experiments with viruses and bacteria. Viruses are not cells. They are basically DNA inside a protein coat. To reproduce, a virus must insert its own genetic material into a cell (such as a bacterium). Then it uses the cell’s machinery to m ...
How Genes and the Environment Influence Our Health
... TEACHING GENETICS IS A bit like walking a tightrope; to do it well, one has to exercise a fine sense of balance and avoid falling off to one side or the other. On the one hand, we want our students to understand that genes play a vital role in the living world. We need to help them appreciate the fa ...
... TEACHING GENETICS IS A bit like walking a tightrope; to do it well, one has to exercise a fine sense of balance and avoid falling off to one side or the other. On the one hand, we want our students to understand that genes play a vital role in the living world. We need to help them appreciate the fa ...
DNA shuffling by random fragmentation and reassembly: In
... Oligonucleotides wIth 3' and 5' ends that are homologous to the gene cam be added to the frag mentiure N incorporated into the reassembled ne. Thus, mix of sthetic oligonuclotides and PCR a can be mixed into a gene at defined positions based on homolog. As an example, a library of cmera of the hunan ...
... Oligonucleotides wIth 3' and 5' ends that are homologous to the gene cam be added to the frag mentiure N incorporated into the reassembled ne. Thus, mix of sthetic oligonuclotides and PCR a can be mixed into a gene at defined positions based on homolog. As an example, a library of cmera of the hunan ...
Mutations affecting craniofacial development in zebrafish
... reveals the pterygoid process of the quadrate (pty) and the auditory capsule (aud). Scale bar is 100 µm. ...
... reveals the pterygoid process of the quadrate (pty) and the auditory capsule (aud). Scale bar is 100 µm. ...
CalbiCyc, Metabolic Pathways at the Candida Genome Database
... The tools are quite different, and the process is distinct, from the usual gene-centric curation we do, curators need to “switch gears” for pathway curation. Found that it was easier to make progress by making a focused “project” out of pathway curation. ...
... The tools are quite different, and the process is distinct, from the usual gene-centric curation we do, curators need to “switch gears” for pathway curation. Found that it was easier to make progress by making a focused “project” out of pathway curation. ...
Oncogenomics
Oncogenomics is a relatively new sub-field of genomics that applies high throughput technologies to characterize genes associated with cancer. Oncogenomics is synonymous with ""cancer genomics"". Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of mutations to DNA leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. The goal of oncogenomics is to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers, and new targets for cancer therapies. The success of targeted cancer therapies such as Gleevec, Herceptin, and Avastin raised the hope for oncogenomics to elucidate new targets for cancer treatment.Besides understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that initiates or drives cancer progression, one of the main goals of oncogenomics is to allow for the development of personalized cancer treatment. Cancer develops due to an accumulation of mutations in DNA. These mutations accumulate randomly, and thus, different DNA mutations and mutation combinations exist between different individuals with the same type of cancer. Thus, identifying and targeting specific mutations which have occurred in an individual patient may lead to increased efficacy of cancer therapy.The completion of the Human Genome Project has greatly facilitated the field of oncogenomics and has increased the abilities of researchers to find cancer causing genes. In addition, the sequencing technologies now available for sequence generation and data analysis have been applied to the study of oncogenomics. With the amount of research conducted on cancer genomes and the accumulation of databases documenting the mutational changes, it has been predicted that the most important cancer-causing mutations, rearrangements, and altered expression levels will be cataloged and well characterized within the next decade.Cancer research may look either on the genomic level at DNA mutations, the epigenetic level at methylation or histone modification changes, the transcription level at altered levels of gene expression, or the protein level at altered levels of protein abundance and function in cancer cells. Oncogenomics focuses on the genomic, epigenomic, and transcript level alterations in cancer.