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By Michael Harwood This article was catalysed
By Michael Harwood This article was catalysed

... how do we cope with random mutations? Formerly it was thought that so little of our DNA is vital that most mutations happened in the non-coding 98 per cent (junk DNA) and so had no harmful effect on the organism. (By the way, no one ever actually verified the “junk DNA” hypothesis by removing all of ...
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... _____ To prepare clones representing expressed genes from a eukaryotic cell, you would mix total cellular mRNA with A. reverse transcriptase B. RNA polymerase C. DNA polymerase D. integrase E. RNAse _____ Polyploid plants found in nature usually have even numbers of chromosomes because organisms hav ...
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2. Be sure that your exam has 9 pages including this cover sheet.

... _____ 3 . In an evolutionary sense, an individual's fitness is measured in terms of... A. the size of the individual B. the lifespan of the individual C. the number of offspring that the individual produces D. the rate of mutations every generation E. all of the above are correct _____ 4. Which of t ...
1-1 - We can offer most test bank and solution manual you need.
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... chloroplast are no longer encoded by their respective DNAs, these genes have not been lost. Instead, these “missing genes” are now in the DNA of the eucaryotic host-cell nucleus. Thus, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts are now symbionts that require their host cells for survival. ...
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... The bands farthest from the wells (containing the shortest DNA fragments) traveled the fastest. The bands of DNA traveled to the bottom of the gel, is this side positive or negative on the electrode? Why? The negative pole is located closest to the wells. The positive pole is located furtherst from ...
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... Separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix. After the two strands are separated, new matching DNA strand is formed one base at a time for each of the old DNA strands. The result is two identical DNA double helixes. DNA splits apart ...
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... rare Mutation • There are two general ways in which to alter the genetic message encoded in DNA  mutation • results from errors in replication • can involve changes, additions, or deletions to nucleotides  recombination • causes change in the position of all or part of a gene ...
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... The chemical structure of everyone's DNA is the same. The only difference between people (or any animal) is the order of the base pairs. Using these sequences, every person could be identified solely by the sequence of their base pairs. However, because there are so many millions of base pairs, the ...
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... allowing annealing of the primers to the single-stranded DNA template. Stable DNADNA hydrogen bonds are only formed when the primer sequence very closely matches the template sequence. The polymerase binds to the primer-template hybrid and begins DNA formation. Extension/elongation step: commonly a ...
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... People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because a. they are resistant to malaria. b. they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells. c. their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn't cause their red blood cells to become sickle-shaped. d. they do not p ...
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Cell Review - local-brookings.k12.sd.us

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The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

... Treated the samples with different agents to kill one type of molecule, then tested the samples ability to transform live nonpathogenic bacteria. Only when DNA was allowed to remain active did the bacteria transform. In 1944, Avery and his colleagues, Maclyn McCarty and Colin MacLeod announced their ...
< 1 ... 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 ... 275 >

DNA damage theory of aging

The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of unrepaired accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damages. Damage in this context is a DNA alteration that has an abnormal structure. Although both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage can contribute to aging, nuclear DNA is the main subject of this analysis. Nuclear DNA damage can contribute to aging either indirectly (by increasing apoptosis or cellular senescence) or directly (by increasing cell dysfunction).In humans and other mammals, DNA damage occurs frequently and DNA repair processes have evolved to compensate. In estimates made for mice, on average approximately 1,500 to 7,000 DNA lesions occur per hour in each mouse cell, or about 36,000 to 160,000 per cell per day. In any cell some DNA damage may remain despite the action of repair processes. The accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage is more prevalent in certain types of cells, particularly in non-replicating or slowly replicating cells, such as cells in the brain, skeletal and cardiac muscle.
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