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grade 12 life sciences learner notes
... 2.2. The DNA molecule The DNA molecule is a double helix (twisted) strand. The four nitrogenous bases can be arranged in any order with a purine attached to a pyrimidine. The combination of nitrogenous bases is the code system for the messages from the DNA. A weak hydrogen bond holds the complementa ...
... 2.2. The DNA molecule The DNA molecule is a double helix (twisted) strand. The four nitrogenous bases can be arranged in any order with a purine attached to a pyrimidine. The combination of nitrogenous bases is the code system for the messages from the DNA. A weak hydrogen bond holds the complementa ...
Molecular events during translocation and proofreading extracted
... Structural meta-analysis based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of interatomic distance matrices has enabled a large-scale joint analysis of related protein structures (12–14). This computational method of structural analysis takes advantage of a mathematical, yet practical, definition of confo ...
... Structural meta-analysis based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of interatomic distance matrices has enabled a large-scale joint analysis of related protein structures (12–14). This computational method of structural analysis takes advantage of a mathematical, yet practical, definition of confo ...
FAQs (frequently asked questions) Q.1 What are plasmids? Ans
... these sites, i.e. EcoRV, BamHI, Sphl, SalI, XmaIII and Nrul, are located within the genes coding for tetracycline resistance; two sites for HindIII and CIa I lie within the promoter of the tetracycline resistance gene; and three sites for PstI, PvuI and Sca l lie within the β-lactamase gene. Cloning ...
... these sites, i.e. EcoRV, BamHI, Sphl, SalI, XmaIII and Nrul, are located within the genes coding for tetracycline resistance; two sites for HindIII and CIa I lie within the promoter of the tetracycline resistance gene; and three sites for PstI, PvuI and Sca l lie within the β-lactamase gene. Cloning ...
Structure,Function of RNA
... CHARACTERS 1. m-RNA transcribed from DNA carrying information for protein synthesis 2. Comprises only 5% of the cellular RNA 3. Most heterogeneous in size and base sequence ...
... CHARACTERS 1. m-RNA transcribed from DNA carrying information for protein synthesis 2. Comprises only 5% of the cellular RNA 3. Most heterogeneous in size and base sequence ...
Biochemistry
... Messenger RNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus by transcription of DNA, a process similar to DNA replication. As in replication, a small section of the DNA double helix unwinds, and the bases on the two strands are exposed. RNA nucleotides (ribonucleotides) line up in the proper order by hydrogen- ...
... Messenger RNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus by transcription of DNA, a process similar to DNA replication. As in replication, a small section of the DNA double helix unwinds, and the bases on the two strands are exposed. RNA nucleotides (ribonucleotides) line up in the proper order by hydrogen- ...
Ecology
... of mammals, type of teeth, function of the cerebrum, developmental differences between monotremes, marsupials, & placental mammals, characteristics of & what belongs in each of the 15 orders we studied, ...
... of mammals, type of teeth, function of the cerebrum, developmental differences between monotremes, marsupials, & placental mammals, characteristics of & what belongs in each of the 15 orders we studied, ...
Genetic Defects in Beef Cattle
... • Almost every beef breed has some identified genetic defect • Some defects can cause embryonic loss • Spontaneous mutations are rare, but do occur ...
... • Almost every beef breed has some identified genetic defect • Some defects can cause embryonic loss • Spontaneous mutations are rare, but do occur ...
12813 Demonstrate knowledge of the biochemistry of cells
... Proteins are outlined using examples of function. Range ...
... Proteins are outlined using examples of function. Range ...
Solving Multiple Sequence Alignment Problems using Various E
... sequence). However, this is based on the assumption that the combined monomers evenly spaced along the single dimension of the molecule's primary structure. From now on, we will refer to an alignment of two DNA sequences. Every element in a trace is either a match or a gap. Where a residue in one of ...
... sequence). However, this is based on the assumption that the combined monomers evenly spaced along the single dimension of the molecule's primary structure. From now on, we will refer to an alignment of two DNA sequences. Every element in a trace is either a match or a gap. Where a residue in one of ...
A new FISH protocol with increased sensitivity for
... of the technique was made possible because, under nonoptimal conditions, few spots were detectable and their number and intensity increased slightly when the individual steps were improved. This allowed better experimental conditions to be chosen one by one, but only when all the optimal conditions ...
... of the technique was made possible because, under nonoptimal conditions, few spots were detectable and their number and intensity increased slightly when the individual steps were improved. This allowed better experimental conditions to be chosen one by one, but only when all the optimal conditions ...
PTC Receptor Project Lab Protocol
... 2. Have volunteers do a blind taste test using the control and PTC strips: do this AFTER the cheek cells are harvested (see step 4 below). B. Cell Extraction and DNA Isolation (adapted from Princeton University) http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/Manual/04%20HHMI%20Lab_04%20D1S80.pdf 1. You will obtain c ...
... 2. Have volunteers do a blind taste test using the control and PTC strips: do this AFTER the cheek cells are harvested (see step 4 below). B. Cell Extraction and DNA Isolation (adapted from Princeton University) http://www.hhmi.princeton.edu/Manual/04%20HHMI%20Lab_04%20D1S80.pdf 1. You will obtain c ...
Glossary of Genetic Terms 11Jul15
... Cellulose - A sugar-rich compound of cell walls of plants and some protoctists CentiMorgan (cM) - (1) A measure of genetic distance that tells how far apart two genes are. Generally one centimorgan equals about 1 million base pairs. (2) A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic m ...
... Cellulose - A sugar-rich compound of cell walls of plants and some protoctists CentiMorgan (cM) - (1) A measure of genetic distance that tells how far apart two genes are. Generally one centimorgan equals about 1 million base pairs. (2) A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic m ...
Lesson 3: Can you taste PTC?
... otypes and their phenotypes are not always 100%, as in the case of polygenic phenotypes or in‐ complete penetrance)? 4) Ask student pairs to determine how they would test the rela onship between TAS2R38 genotype and PTC phenotype among their fellow students. What data would they collect? How ...
... otypes and their phenotypes are not always 100%, as in the case of polygenic phenotypes or in‐ complete penetrance)? 4) Ask student pairs to determine how they would test the rela onship between TAS2R38 genotype and PTC phenotype among their fellow students. What data would they collect? How ...
Ribosomal DNA sequences reveal gregarine pathogens
... The gene coding for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU RNA) is the most intensively sequenced marker for phylogenetic studies in all groups of organisms, including mites. Newly obtained sequence data can be quickly and easily compared with all published sequences of this marker deposited in Gen ...
... The gene coding for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU RNA) is the most intensively sequenced marker for phylogenetic studies in all groups of organisms, including mites. Newly obtained sequence data can be quickly and easily compared with all published sequences of this marker deposited in Gen ...
Genetics - Brookwood High School
... A. Used by bacteria to cut up DNA of viruses. B. Many different types that cut DNA at different sequences. ...
... A. Used by bacteria to cut up DNA of viruses. B. Many different types that cut DNA at different sequences. ...
Adenine - One of the four bases in DNA tha make up the letters
... Cellulose - A sugar-rich compound of cell walls of plants and some protoctists CentiMorgan (cM) - (1) A measure of genetic distance that tells how far apart two genes are. Generally one centimorgan equals about 1 million base pairs. (2) A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic m ...
... Cellulose - A sugar-rich compound of cell walls of plants and some protoctists CentiMorgan (cM) - (1) A measure of genetic distance that tells how far apart two genes are. Generally one centimorgan equals about 1 million base pairs. (2) A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic m ...
The chemical constitution of the body
... Fig.3-4 If glucose and galactose undergo a condensation reaction (in which a molecule of water is eliminated) they become linked by a glycosidic bond and form the disaccharide lactose. By adding a molecule of water, lactose can be broken down to release glucose and galactose in a process called hydr ...
... Fig.3-4 If glucose and galactose undergo a condensation reaction (in which a molecule of water is eliminated) they become linked by a glycosidic bond and form the disaccharide lactose. By adding a molecule of water, lactose can be broken down to release glucose and galactose in a process called hydr ...
Chapter 12 Recombinant DNA Technology Key Concepts
... autonomously replicating DNA molecules such as bacterial plasmids. These small circular molecules act as carriers, or vectors, for the DNA fragments. The vector molecules with their inserts are called recombinant DNA because they consist of novel combinations of DNA from the donor genome (which can ...
... autonomously replicating DNA molecules such as bacterial plasmids. These small circular molecules act as carriers, or vectors, for the DNA fragments. The vector molecules with their inserts are called recombinant DNA because they consist of novel combinations of DNA from the donor genome (which can ...
Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting
... DNA-probe technology has enormous potential in clinical diagnostic microbiology. It offers the possibility of faster and cheaper identification of fastidious pathogens, including the detection of strains bearing known virulence factors and genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, and allows the d ...
... DNA-probe technology has enormous potential in clinical diagnostic microbiology. It offers the possibility of faster and cheaper identification of fastidious pathogens, including the detection of strains bearing known virulence factors and genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, and allows the d ...
High efficiency, site-specific excision of a marker gene by the phage
... number of different promoter-reporter genes will be made by varying the amount of putative control DNA contained in the constructs. The intent of these experiments is to answer questions about the function of speci®c DNA sequence domains on the expression of the reporter gene. However, since these c ...
... number of different promoter-reporter genes will be made by varying the amount of putative control DNA contained in the constructs. The intent of these experiments is to answer questions about the function of speci®c DNA sequence domains on the expression of the reporter gene. However, since these c ...
Characterization of an IS-like element from
... frame (ORF) coding for a hypothetical protein with sequence homologies to proteins of known IS elements was identified (see below). The entire ORF was cloned by screening a M . tuberculosis library in A2001 (Vismara et al., 1990) using the cloned EcoRI fragment of the Agtl 1 library containing the O ...
... frame (ORF) coding for a hypothetical protein with sequence homologies to proteins of known IS elements was identified (see below). The entire ORF was cloned by screening a M . tuberculosis library in A2001 (Vismara et al., 1990) using the cloned EcoRI fragment of the Agtl 1 library containing the O ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
... – Cut DNA phages and prevent their replication. – Cut DNA by cleaving the phosphodiester bond that joins adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand – Bind to, recognize, and cut DNA within specific sequences of bases called a recognition sequence or restriction site. – 1970, Hind III isolated; first restr ...
... – Cut DNA phages and prevent their replication. – Cut DNA by cleaving the phosphodiester bond that joins adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand – Bind to, recognize, and cut DNA within specific sequences of bases called a recognition sequence or restriction site. – 1970, Hind III isolated; first restr ...
Simulating Protein Synthesis to create a CHNOPS!
... proteins our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides (and therefore the sequence of bases) in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. During transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotides read and copy the DNA sequence into a single RNA ...
... proteins our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides (and therefore the sequence of bases) in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. During transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotides read and copy the DNA sequence into a single RNA ...
Nucleic acid double helix
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DNA_orbit_animated_static_thumb.png?width=300)
In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. The double helical structure of a nucleic acid complex arises as a consequence of its secondary structure, and is a fundamental component in determining its tertiary structure. The term entered popular culture with the publication in 1968 of The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, by James Watson.The DNA double helix polymer of nucleic acids, held together by nucleotides which base pair together. In B-DNA, the most common double helical structure, the double helix is right-handed with about 10–10.5 base pairs per turn. This translates into about 20-21 nucleotides per turn. The double helix structure of DNA contains a major groove and minor groove. In B-DNA the major groove is wider than the minor groove. Given the difference in widths of the major groove and minor groove, many proteins which bind to B-DNA do so through the wider major groove.