Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Workshop in History - Philsci
... with random drift. Both processes can result in changes in gene and genotype frequencies across generational time, but our best theories of these processes differ in that theories of selection can predict the direction, as well as rate, of cross-generational change, while our theories of drift can p ...
... with random drift. Both processes can result in changes in gene and genotype frequencies across generational time, but our best theories of these processes differ in that theories of selection can predict the direction, as well as rate, of cross-generational change, while our theories of drift can p ...
Biology
... producers, organisms that use a primary energy source (most commonly the sun) and photosynthesis, to make their own food / energy. The plants in the figure above are an example of producers. Consumers (organisms that cannot make their own food and must get energy from other living organisms) can be ...
... producers, organisms that use a primary energy source (most commonly the sun) and photosynthesis, to make their own food / energy. The plants in the figure above are an example of producers. Consumers (organisms that cannot make their own food and must get energy from other living organisms) can be ...
Geographical patterns of adaptation within a species` range
... local maladaptation, which may potentially jeopardize the local or global persistence of the species. Local adaptation describes the adequacy between the phenotypes and the local environment. In this context, natural selection, which increases the frequency of locally adapted genes, interacts with g ...
... local maladaptation, which may potentially jeopardize the local or global persistence of the species. Local adaptation describes the adequacy between the phenotypes and the local environment. In this context, natural selection, which increases the frequency of locally adapted genes, interacts with g ...
Body Defenses
... down the growth of bacteria. War Game Play: This card may only be played once. If this card is played against an appropriate pathogen, the immune system wins, unless the disease team can win two consecutive ...
... down the growth of bacteria. War Game Play: This card may only be played once. If this card is played against an appropriate pathogen, the immune system wins, unless the disease team can win two consecutive ...
genetics and the fitness of hybrids
... The preceding quotes illustrate the historically common view of natural hybridization as an evolutionarily unimportant process. This view is largely based on the observation that crosses between divergent lineages often give rise to progeny with decreased levels of viability and/or fertility (e.g., ...
... The preceding quotes illustrate the historically common view of natural hybridization as an evolutionarily unimportant process. This view is largely based on the observation that crosses between divergent lineages often give rise to progeny with decreased levels of viability and/or fertility (e.g., ...
UNIT I - Net Start Class
... Strong nuclear forces hold the protons and neutrons together, while the electrons are attracted to the positive charge of the protons. Protons and neutrons can be broken down into smaller particles called quarks. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. The number of protons is ...
... Strong nuclear forces hold the protons and neutrons together, while the electrons are attracted to the positive charge of the protons. Protons and neutrons can be broken down into smaller particles called quarks. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. The number of protons is ...
b. non-vascular plants - Mrs. Harter
... Atoms can be broken down into smaller components called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom. They are roughly equal in mass, one atomic mass unit (amu) or Dalton. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are not changed. Elect ...
... Atoms can be broken down into smaller components called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom. They are roughly equal in mass, one atomic mass unit (amu) or Dalton. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are not changed. Elect ...
AP Study Guide
... Atoms can be broken down into smaller components called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom. They are roughly equal in mass, one atomic mass unit (amu) or Dalton. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are not changed. Elect ...
... Atoms can be broken down into smaller components called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom. They are roughly equal in mass, one atomic mass unit (amu) or Dalton. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are not changed. Elect ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
... and a number of factors can constrain the evolution of behavior. First, the fitness payoffs of a behavior must trade off both the benefits and the costs. For instance, a foraging rule that extends the time an animal stays in a patch of food might increase an individual's overall food intake, resulti ...
... and a number of factors can constrain the evolution of behavior. First, the fitness payoffs of a behavior must trade off both the benefits and the costs. For instance, a foraging rule that extends the time an animal stays in a patch of food might increase an individual's overall food intake, resulti ...
Aalborg Universitet The reason why profitable firms do not necessarily grow
... regression of relative fitness on a characteristic. Thus the selection gradient ignores indirect selection due to other analysed characteristics and measures only the direct selection of the characteristic. The second tool to handle multiple characteristics is the matrix of phenotypic covariances be ...
... regression of relative fitness on a characteristic. Thus the selection gradient ignores indirect selection due to other analysed characteristics and measures only the direct selection of the characteristic. The second tool to handle multiple characteristics is the matrix of phenotypic covariances be ...
Sample marking key - SCSA - School Curriculum and Standards
... Describe the process that could lead to a few initial super weeds potentially becoming the dominant type of weed in the wheatbelt. (10 marks) Description Variation • In any population due to mutations and or sexual reproduction there is genetic variation. • Variation has been introduced by the intro ...
... Describe the process that could lead to a few initial super weeds potentially becoming the dominant type of weed in the wheatbelt. (10 marks) Description Variation • In any population due to mutations and or sexual reproduction there is genetic variation. • Variation has been introduced by the intro ...
Chapter 21 The Lymphatic System
... § Lymphatic Tissue– aggregation of lymphocytes-- two forms: 2. Lymphatic nodules A. come and go-- dense oval masses of lymphocytes and macrophages, congregate in response to pathogens B. permanent feature-– in some organs– lymph nodes (Fig. 21.12), tonsils, and appendix – In the ileum– called Peyer ...
... § Lymphatic Tissue– aggregation of lymphocytes-- two forms: 2. Lymphatic nodules A. come and go-- dense oval masses of lymphocytes and macrophages, congregate in response to pathogens B. permanent feature-– in some organs– lymph nodes (Fig. 21.12), tonsils, and appendix – In the ileum– called Peyer ...
Understanding evolution as an emergent process: learning with
... 1805, Hutton’s colleague John Playfair said: “the mind seemed to grow giddy by looking so far into the abyss of time”. Deep time is certainly one important barrier to comprehension of evolution. But there is another important factor that we believe is an even greater impediment. Evolution is a proce ...
... 1805, Hutton’s colleague John Playfair said: “the mind seemed to grow giddy by looking so far into the abyss of time”. Deep time is certainly one important barrier to comprehension of evolution. But there is another important factor that we believe is an even greater impediment. Evolution is a proce ...
Pfennig and Kingsolver
... added). Thus, Darwin recognized that no theory of evolution would be complete if it failed to provide a plausible mechanism that could explain how living things change over evolutionary time. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection provided such a mechanism. Yet, Darwin’s theory goes beyon ...
... added). Thus, Darwin recognized that no theory of evolution would be complete if it failed to provide a plausible mechanism that could explain how living things change over evolutionary time. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection provided such a mechanism. Yet, Darwin’s theory goes beyon ...
prey community
... genetic constraints. First, competition for the shared prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every predator exerts on the given prey species (Friman and Buckling, 2013). If predator competition is asy ...
... genetic constraints. First, competition for the shared prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every predator exerts on the given prey species (Friman and Buckling, 2013). If predator competition is asy ...
assessment of parasite-mediated selection in a
... of host traits against parasites has not been previously tested using this perspective. There is an important conceptual distinction between the evolutionary response to natural selection and phenotypic selection. While the evolutionary response to natural selection requires assessment of the geneti ...
... of host traits against parasites has not been previously tested using this perspective. There is an important conceptual distinction between the evolutionary response to natural selection and phenotypic selection. While the evolutionary response to natural selection requires assessment of the geneti ...
Disruptive Selection and then What?
... into genetically distinct lineages is not the only possible response to disruptive selection. There is presently a limited awareness of the full spectrum of possible adaptive responses to disruptive selection and how to assess their relative likelihoods. All of the potential responses are characteri ...
... into genetically distinct lineages is not the only possible response to disruptive selection. There is presently a limited awareness of the full spectrum of possible adaptive responses to disruptive selection and how to assess their relative likelihoods. All of the potential responses are characteri ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... (Mitchell et al. 1992; Forrest and Mitchell 1993), and subsequent work used various building-block structures with only loose biological analogs (Watson 2004, 2005, 2006; Jansen and Wegener 2005), recent work has shown a principled distinction between the abilities of sexual and asexual genetic algo ...
... (Mitchell et al. 1992; Forrest and Mitchell 1993), and subsequent work used various building-block structures with only loose biological analogs (Watson 2004, 2005, 2006; Jansen and Wegener 2005), recent work has shown a principled distinction between the abilities of sexual and asexual genetic algo ...
Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory
... junctions (see Unwin & Zampighi, 1980) have not been observed (Mackie & Singla, 1983). An extracellular matrix contains collagenous fibres, but a basal lamina is lacking (Garrone, 1978). The extracellular vane of the cilia (flagella) which is well known in the choanoflagellates and in the freshwater ...
... junctions (see Unwin & Zampighi, 1980) have not been observed (Mackie & Singla, 1983). An extracellular matrix contains collagenous fibres, but a basal lamina is lacking (Garrone, 1978). The extracellular vane of the cilia (flagella) which is well known in the choanoflagellates and in the freshwater ...
Four Pillars of Statisticalism
... idealizing assumptions, Fisher was able to calculate statistical averages that applied to populations of genes in a way analogous to calculating the behavior of molecules that constitute a gas. (Morrison 2002: 58-59 emphasis in original) Where Darwin characterizes evolution as an aggregate causal co ...
... idealizing assumptions, Fisher was able to calculate statistical averages that applied to populations of genes in a way analogous to calculating the behavior of molecules that constitute a gas. (Morrison 2002: 58-59 emphasis in original) Where Darwin characterizes evolution as an aggregate causal co ...
UNIT I
... 1) Adhesion: The attraction between water and other substances. 2) Cohesion: The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules. These two properties allow capillary action. Water is attracted to the polar substances (adhesion) and climbs these substances, while pulling up the other water mo ...
... 1) Adhesion: The attraction between water and other substances. 2) Cohesion: The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules. These two properties allow capillary action. Water is attracted to the polar substances (adhesion) and climbs these substances, while pulling up the other water mo ...
Adaptation and Evolutionary Theory
... could not help but be true. The uniqueness bought his natural-selection-explanation of it. of complex material systems is now taken for (For an excellent source book on the reception granted; and so we expect variation among of Darwin's theory see Hull, 1973.) The alternatindividuals of a species. T ...
... could not help but be true. The uniqueness bought his natural-selection-explanation of it. of complex material systems is now taken for (For an excellent source book on the reception granted; and so we expect variation among of Darwin's theory see Hull, 1973.) The alternatindividuals of a species. T ...
2.01 structure of cells.
... important for electron microscopy because water molecules deflect the electron beam which blurs the image. 3. Embedding: Supports the tissue in wax or resin so that it can be cut into thin sections. Sectioning Produces very thin slices for mounting. Sections are cut with a microtome or an ulramicrot ...
... important for electron microscopy because water molecules deflect the electron beam which blurs the image. 3. Embedding: Supports the tissue in wax or resin so that it can be cut into thin sections. Sectioning Produces very thin slices for mounting. Sections are cut with a microtome or an ulramicrot ...
Biology Standards Clarification
... responses of an organism to external stimuli occur in order to maintain both short- and long-term equilibrium. Explain that complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Note that cell behavior can also be af ...
... responses of an organism to external stimuli occur in order to maintain both short- and long-term equilibrium. Explain that complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Note that cell behavior can also be af ...
Bacteria and Viruses
... be seen surround you? These organisms, called bacteria, even live inside your body. Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are microscopic prokaryotes. You might recall that a prokaryote is a unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria live in almost every ...
... be seen surround you? These organisms, called bacteria, even live inside your body. Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are microscopic prokaryotes. You might recall that a prokaryote is a unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria live in almost every ...