individual variation in mammals
... statistical models are used (e.g., in accounting for measurement errors in regression analyses). We discuss three aspects of inter-individual variation; phenotypic selection, alternative individual strategies and phenotypic integration, and quantitative genetic analyses. The value of these approache ...
... statistical models are used (e.g., in accounting for measurement errors in regression analyses). We discuss three aspects of inter-individual variation; phenotypic selection, alternative individual strategies and phenotypic integration, and quantitative genetic analyses. The value of these approache ...
The role of hermaphrodites in the experimental evolution of
... populations of the male-hermaphrodite nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were correlated with the experimental evolution of increased male fitness. However, it is unknown whether outcrossing led to adaptation, and if so, which fitness components can explain the observed increase in outcrossing rates. R ...
... populations of the male-hermaphrodite nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were correlated with the experimental evolution of increased male fitness. However, it is unknown whether outcrossing led to adaptation, and if so, which fitness components can explain the observed increase in outcrossing rates. R ...
Biology
... things, was the first to refer to the cavities he saw in cork as ‘cells’, Latin for chambers. Subsequent scientists developed Hooke’s discovery of the cell into the Cell Theory on which modern Biology is built upon. The Cell Theory states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, and tha ...
... things, was the first to refer to the cavities he saw in cork as ‘cells’, Latin for chambers. Subsequent scientists developed Hooke’s discovery of the cell into the Cell Theory on which modern Biology is built upon. The Cell Theory states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, and tha ...
Tissue:
... – All epithelial tissue sheets rest upon and are supported by connective tissue – Deep to the basal lamina is the reticular lamina, a layer of extracellular material containing a fine network of collagen fibers from the underlying connective tissue – The basement membrane reinforces the epithelial s ...
... – All epithelial tissue sheets rest upon and are supported by connective tissue – Deep to the basal lamina is the reticular lamina, a layer of extracellular material containing a fine network of collagen fibers from the underlying connective tissue – The basement membrane reinforces the epithelial s ...
COURSE TITLE - Hazlet Township Public Schools
... make up 96% of living matter. The parts of the Atomic Theory. Chemical bonds form when atoms interact and complete their valence shells. Molecules consist of two or more covalently bonded atoms. Types of chemical bonds and interactions. Molecular shape is determined by position of its atoms valence ...
... make up 96% of living matter. The parts of the Atomic Theory. Chemical bonds form when atoms interact and complete their valence shells. Molecules consist of two or more covalently bonded atoms. Types of chemical bonds and interactions. Molecular shape is determined by position of its atoms valence ...
Diversity of Protists
... Ecology of Protists Protists are of enormous eco-logical importance Photoautotrophic forms: Produce oxygen Function as producers in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems Major component of plankton - Organisms that are suspended in the water - Serve as food for heterotrophic protists and anima ...
... Ecology of Protists Protists are of enormous eco-logical importance Photoautotrophic forms: Produce oxygen Function as producers in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems Major component of plankton - Organisms that are suspended in the water - Serve as food for heterotrophic protists and anima ...
Microbial Inhabitants of Humans - Assets
... tract, GIT, and oral cavity). Despite the fact that we are exposed to a wide variety of microbes at birth, only a limited number of species are able to permanently colonise the various body sites available, and each site is colonised predominantly by only certain microbial species (i.e., the microbe ...
... tract, GIT, and oral cavity). Despite the fact that we are exposed to a wide variety of microbes at birth, only a limited number of species are able to permanently colonise the various body sites available, and each site is colonised predominantly by only certain microbial species (i.e., the microbe ...
Understanding Natural Selection: Essential Concepts and Common
... selection. This was an unfortunate decision as there are several reasons why “survival of the fittest” is a poor descriptor of natural selection. First, in Darwin's context, “fittest” implied “best suited to a particular environment” rather than “most physically fit,” but this crucial distinction is ...
... selection. This was an unfortunate decision as there are several reasons why “survival of the fittest” is a poor descriptor of natural selection. First, in Darwin's context, “fittest” implied “best suited to a particular environment” rather than “most physically fit,” but this crucial distinction is ...
Ageing as a price of cooperation and complexity
... novel means of survival. In these non-zero-sum games cooperation acts as a mediator of conflict reducing the selection inside the organism or group, and increasing the selection between organisms. A similar effect has been mentioned before as group-selection.(23) The recent work of Efferson et al.(3 ...
... novel means of survival. In these non-zero-sum games cooperation acts as a mediator of conflict reducing the selection inside the organism or group, and increasing the selection between organisms. A similar effect has been mentioned before as group-selection.(23) The recent work of Efferson et al.(3 ...
Environmental Grain, Organism Fitness, and Type
... Natural selection is the result of differences in fitness, and fitness depends on organisms’ interactions with their environment. But environments vary in space and time, sometimes in extreme ways. Variation in what biologists call patches, habitats, environments, etc.—or what I’ll call subenvironments ...
... Natural selection is the result of differences in fitness, and fitness depends on organisms’ interactions with their environment. But environments vary in space and time, sometimes in extreme ways. Variation in what biologists call patches, habitats, environments, etc.—or what I’ll call subenvironments ...
Body Systems Working Together
... • ALL system work together to maintain the balance • Homeostasis-Temperature: The skin will begin sweating to cool down the body. • Waste and water: The circulatory and Excretory system will remove waste and excess water from the body, and the kidneys will conserve water as necessary. The skin also ...
... • ALL system work together to maintain the balance • Homeostasis-Temperature: The skin will begin sweating to cool down the body. • Waste and water: The circulatory and Excretory system will remove waste and excess water from the body, and the kidneys will conserve water as necessary. The skin also ...
Body Systems Working Together
... • ALL system work together to maintain the balance • Homeostasis-Temperature: The skin will begin sweating to cool down the body. • Waste and water: The circulatory and Excretory system will remove waste and excess water from the body, and the kidneys will conserve water as necessary. The skin also ...
... • ALL system work together to maintain the balance • Homeostasis-Temperature: The skin will begin sweating to cool down the body. • Waste and water: The circulatory and Excretory system will remove waste and excess water from the body, and the kidneys will conserve water as necessary. The skin also ...
Wright`s adaptive landscape versus Fisher`s fundamental theorem
... isolated populations, but also large populations, that experience fluctuations in gene ratio. If this is the case, whatever other results isolation into small communities may have, any effects which flow from fluctuating variability in the gene ratios will not be confined to such subdivided species, ...
... isolated populations, but also large populations, that experience fluctuations in gene ratio. If this is the case, whatever other results isolation into small communities may have, any effects which flow from fluctuating variability in the gene ratios will not be confined to such subdivided species, ...
Teacher support material
... There are more activities than time to put them into practice. So teachers have to choose which ones they are going to use. The aim of those activities is to give teachers different ideas on how to recap everything learnt by pupils and let them try those ones more suitable for their pupils. Some of ...
... There are more activities than time to put them into practice. So teachers have to choose which ones they are going to use. The aim of those activities is to give teachers different ideas on how to recap everything learnt by pupils and let them try those ones more suitable for their pupils. Some of ...
Ultrastructure of the body cavities in phylactolaemata Bryozoa
... thick ECM via hemidesmosomes. On each lateral side one peritoneal cell is located. These do not reside entirely on the ECM, but cover each one subperitoneal cell, which differs from the former in its cytoplasmic composition. The cytoplasm is electron-lucent, without conspicuous amounts of ribosomes ...
... thick ECM via hemidesmosomes. On each lateral side one peritoneal cell is located. These do not reside entirely on the ECM, but cover each one subperitoneal cell, which differs from the former in its cytoplasmic composition. The cytoplasm is electron-lucent, without conspicuous amounts of ribosomes ...
B3 Text book - Calthorpe Park Moodle
... solution. The concentration of soil water solution is more dilute than the concentration of the cytoplasm in root hair cells, so water moves into those cells by osmosis. This makes their cytoplasm more dilute than the cytoplasm of the cells further inside the root, so water moves from the root hair ...
... solution. The concentration of soil water solution is more dilute than the concentration of the cytoplasm in root hair cells, so water moves into those cells by osmosis. This makes their cytoplasm more dilute than the cytoplasm of the cells further inside the root, so water moves from the root hair ...
Functions of hormones
... 4. Purkinje cells also receive input from the inferior olivary nucleus via climbing fibers. III. Granular layer 1. The innermost layer contains the cell bodies of two types of cells: the numerous and tiny granule cells, and the larger Golgi cells. 2. Incoming (mossy) fibers enter the granular layer ...
... 4. Purkinje cells also receive input from the inferior olivary nucleus via climbing fibers. III. Granular layer 1. The innermost layer contains the cell bodies of two types of cells: the numerous and tiny granule cells, and the larger Golgi cells. 2. Incoming (mossy) fibers enter the granular layer ...
Renal Physiology - part 2
... The main role of the loop of Henle is to produce a hypertonic environment within the renal medulla to allow the reabsorption of water by osmosis from the collecting tubules in order to retain water within the body and produce concentrated urine. Paradoxically, as part of this process the loop of Hen ...
... The main role of the loop of Henle is to produce a hypertonic environment within the renal medulla to allow the reabsorption of water by osmosis from the collecting tubules in order to retain water within the body and produce concentrated urine. Paradoxically, as part of this process the loop of Hen ...
Clot Formation in the Sipunculid Worm Themiste petricola: A
... [20]. Since coelomic fluid is mainly a single-cell suspension, it is quite suitable to flow cytometry analysis [21]. Harvesting coelomic cells in EDTA-containing solutions prevents adhesion of LGLs and allows analysis and quantification of these cells by flow cytometry (Figure 3(a)). Resting LGLs ar ...
... [20]. Since coelomic fluid is mainly a single-cell suspension, it is quite suitable to flow cytometry analysis [21]. Harvesting coelomic cells in EDTA-containing solutions prevents adhesion of LGLs and allows analysis and quantification of these cells by flow cytometry (Figure 3(a)). Resting LGLs ar ...
IV. PROKARYOTES – EUBACTERIA, cont
... • Decent with Modification o Two Inferences Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals. This unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the acc ...
... • Decent with Modification o Two Inferences Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals. This unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the acc ...
Coyne et al 2000 Evolution 54
... Wright versus Fisher? Instead of presenting evidence to refute our arguments against the SBT, Wade and Goodnight (1998) describe a position that they claim we support and then show that this position is unreasonable. They assert, in particular, that we adhere to what they call ‘‘Fisher’s ‘large popu ...
... Wright versus Fisher? Instead of presenting evidence to refute our arguments against the SBT, Wade and Goodnight (1998) describe a position that they claim we support and then show that this position is unreasonable. They assert, in particular, that we adhere to what they call ‘‘Fisher’s ‘large popu ...
Biology lecture # 1 Levels of Life (From Atom to Biosphere)
... Cells – the basic unit of life All the living organisms consist of cells. Cells are called the basic units of life. Cells are specialized in their structure and functions. There are different types of cells present in the bodies of multicellular organisms. But some organisms like amoeba consist of o ...
... Cells – the basic unit of life All the living organisms consist of cells. Cells are called the basic units of life. Cells are specialized in their structure and functions. There are different types of cells present in the bodies of multicellular organisms. But some organisms like amoeba consist of o ...
- Philsci-Archive
... sake of argument, there really are two distinct processes in nature. To argue they constitute the referents of selection and drift, however, it must be further shown how these processes generate these evolutionary behaviors as quantitatively characterized in population genetics. On this regard Matth ...
... sake of argument, there really are two distinct processes in nature. To argue they constitute the referents of selection and drift, however, it must be further shown how these processes generate these evolutionary behaviors as quantitatively characterized in population genetics. On this regard Matth ...
Different Evolutionary Paths to Complexity for Small and
... sequence of beneficial mutations) towards the evolution of a novel complex trait [21]. If this was the case, then larger populations would follow this trajectory faster than small populations due to their larger mutation supply. Experiments with microorganisms support the possible existence of adapt ...
... sequence of beneficial mutations) towards the evolution of a novel complex trait [21]. If this was the case, then larger populations would follow this trajectory faster than small populations due to their larger mutation supply. Experiments with microorganisms support the possible existence of adapt ...
Cnidaria Kat Hunter Piper
... digestive system. Which means all the food goes through the same way. This process is called Gastrovascular cavity. Excretion- Cnidarians have a canalike cavity within their two layered bodies. For ingestion, digestion and egestion for food and waste. Reproduction- All cnidarians reproduce sexually. ...
... digestive system. Which means all the food goes through the same way. This process is called Gastrovascular cavity. Excretion- Cnidarians have a canalike cavity within their two layered bodies. For ingestion, digestion and egestion for food and waste. Reproduction- All cnidarians reproduce sexually. ...