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Cell Biology - Hardin County Schools
Cell Biology - Hardin County Schools

... tails. Because of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the phospholipid, the molecule must be arranged in a specific pattern as only certain parts of the molecule can physically be in contact with water. Remember that there is water outside the cell, and the cytoplasm inside the cell is mostly ...
Cell Division – Revision Pack (B3)
Cell Division – Revision Pack (B3)

... Describe the structure of DNA as two strands coiled to form a double helix, each strand containing chemicals called bases, of which there are four different types, with cross links between the strands formed by pairs of bases. ...
Biology Class IX for SA-I 2016-17
Biology Class IX for SA-I 2016-17

... across the plasma membrane of the cell is affected by the amount of substance dissolved in water. Q2. Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane? Answer: The cell membraneor the plasma membraneis known as a selectively permeable membrane because it regulates the movement of s ...
Mark scheme
Mark scheme

... note: this is explain not describe water moves out of cell ; by osmosis ; ACCEPT Ψ for water potential must be comparative – DO NOT ACCEPT high alone ...
Cell Biology
Cell Biology

... Lipids Like carbohydrates, lipids are energy-rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (Figure 4.9). Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time. Animals that hibernate (sleep through the winter) live off of the fat stored in th ...
Clot Formation in the Sipunculid Worm Themiste petricola: A
Clot Formation in the Sipunculid Worm Themiste petricola: A

... with fragmented DNA was obtained by the nick-end DNA fluorescent labelling technique (TUNEL) [6]. Thus, cellular responses of SGLs and LHAs play the role of a second line of host defence in close connection to the clot structure but located at the clot vicinity. As mentioned above, a massive macrosc ...
Topic 1 Patterns in Nature
Topic 1 Patterns in Nature

... in the overall processes involved, the elements used and the molecules made. Intake of the materials required by all living organisms and the removal of waste products are influenced by the surface areas of membranes through which these nutrients and waste products must pass. In large multicellular ...
File - thebiotutor.com
File - thebiotutor.com

... 2 Write down the words missing from the following paragraph: Fats and carbohydrate both provide the body with ……., but fats can provide …….. as much as carbohydrates. Excess fats can be stored in the body but carbohydrates must be changed into …….. or ………. before they can be stored. The main types o ...
glossary - McGraw Hill Higher Education
glossary - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... active site A specialised region of an enzyme into which substrate molecules fit; a pocket or groove formed by the folding of the polypeptide chains of the enzyme (quaternary structure). active transport A carrier-mediated process requiring energy derived from hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate ( ...
Powerpoint sel
Powerpoint sel

... human cells are organised into tissues, organs and systems Human cells are specialised. Cell specialisation helps divide body functions among the different types of cells Without the organisation of the cells, life processes cannot be carried out effectively BM Version ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... human cells are organised into tissues, organs and systems Human cells are specialised. Cell specialisation helps divide body functions among the different types of cells Without the organisation of the cells, life processes cannot be carried out effectively BM Version ...
AQA GCSE (9-1)
AQA GCSE (9-1)

... cells are inactive, two dimensional structures and the use of videos and electron micrographs will enable them to see this is not the case. ...
Biology lecture # 1 Levels of Life (From Atom to Biosphere)
Biology lecture # 1 Levels of Life (From Atom to Biosphere)

... In inonic bonding one atom gives one or more of its electron to the other atom which is called a donor and the other receive the electron called recipient. The donor atom then becomes positively charged and the recipient becomes negatively charged. In covalent bonding, however, the atoms share one o ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)

... 6) Tuna, sharks, and penguins have adapted to their environment by becoming fast swimmers. They are fast swimmers due to A) the oily secretion on their skins. B) their streamlined, tapered bodies. C) their oversized fins and flippers. D) their exceptional capacity for energy storage. E) the Frisbee- ...
Nonpolar region of phospholipid.
Nonpolar region of phospholipid.

... 7) The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar  and phosphate molecules.  Answer:  FALSE  8) A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for protection  of the body or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.  Answer:  TRUE  9) The ...
Human Body Systems Lesson Guide
Human Body Systems Lesson Guide

... telling teachers to use a transparency of the lab tray. Students should be developing the skill of making their own data tables to organize information.  Read Peppi and Bollo as a play with students taking parts.  Have students use a spoon to eat a little squash baby food out of a jar. The saliva ...
Licensed to: iChapters User
Licensed to: iChapters User

... tube.) Only selective transfer of materials is possible between regions separated by an epithelial barrier. Each cell performs these specialized activities in addition to The type and extent of controlled exchange vary, depending carrying on the unceasing, fundamental activities required of on the l ...
Teacher support material
Teacher support material

... There are more activities than time to put them into practice. So teachers have to choose which ones they are going to use. The aim of those activities is to give teachers different ideas on how to recap everything learnt by pupils and let them try those ones more suitable for their pupils. Some of ...
Chapter 5:Histology - Palm Beach State College
Chapter 5:Histology - Palm Beach State College

... – Name the four primary classes into which all adult tissues are classified. – Name the three embryonic germ layers and some adult tissues derived from each. – Visualize the three-dimensional shape of a structure from a two-dimensional tissue section. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... •Stretching or extruding a polymer can increase crystallinity. •Degree of crystallinity determined by chemical structure and polymer chain length: low density polyethylene (LDPE) has an average molecular weight of 104 amu (used in plastic wrap) high density polyethylene (HDPE) has an average molecul ...
11Physiology of human body systems
11Physiology of human body systems

... This cell has the ability to become any kind of cell. It is a stem cell. Its nucleus contains 46 chromosomes, containing altogether about 20 000 genes. As it divides again and again, a ball of cells forms. These cells pass over a special area, within the developing embryo, and certain genes get swit ...
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up Our Bodies
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up Our Bodies

... melanin and carotene. These two substances give skin its color. If you go out in the sun, your skin cells make more melanin. That's what (10) causes your skin to "tan." Too much sun is not good for skin. It can cause skin to (11) wrinkle , and it can also (12) cause skin cancer. Because cells are al ...
Leukaemia Section Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Leukaemia Section Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... cells seem to be resistant to IM therapy at least in vitro ; 3-The resistance to IM-therapy has been found to be associated, especially in patients who received it as second line treatment, with the occurrence of mutations in the ABL-kinase domain, impeding the binding of the drug to its target. Som ...
bluebird bio, Inc. - corporate
bluebird bio, Inc. - corporate

...  Progress to late-stage clinical development of lentivirus based gene therapies and CAR T therapies will require enhanced characterization of the purified lentivirus product. LVV preparations are complex and utilize host cells that produce not only the viral particles of interest, but also a vari ...
Staying alive  Department of Science
Staying alive Department of Science

... Plants usually have a few large vacuoles, while animal cells have smaller vacuoles, if any. It stores food, water, and other materials for use by the cell. Wastes may also be stored in vacuoles. The lysosome is a small, round structure common in animal cells, but not usually found in plant cells. Th ...
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Artificial cell



An artificial cell or minimal cell is an engineered particle that mimics one or many functions of a biological cell. The term does not refer to a specific physical entity, but rather to the idea that certain functions or structures of biological cells can be replaced or supplemented with a synthetic entity. Often, artificial cells are biological or polymeric membranes which enclose biologically active materials. As such, nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, microcapsules and a number of other particles have qualified as artificial cells. Micro-encapsulation allows for metabolism within the membrane, exchange of small molecules and prevention of passage of large substances across it. The main advantages of encapsulation include improved mimicry in the body, increased solubility of the cargo and decreased immune responses. Notably, artificial cells have been clinically successful in hemoperfusion.In the area of synthetic biology, a ""living"" artificial cell has been defined as a completely synthetically made cell that can capture energy, maintain ion gradients, contain macromolecules as well as store information and have the ability to mutate. Such a cell is not technically feasible yet, but a variation of an artificial cell has been created in which a completely synthetic genome was introduced to genomically emptied host cells. Although not completely artificial because the cytoplasmic components as well as the membrane from the host cell are kept, the engineered cell is under control of a synthetic genome and is able to replicate.
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