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Cells and HBS
Cells and HBS

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The Unforgetables of Biology
The Unforgetables of Biology

...  Geologic evidence indicates the earth formed 4.6 billion years ago and that no free oxygen was present at the time.  In 1952, scientists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey demonstrated that organic molecules could be created if a simulated primitive atmosphere was exposed to an energy source.  The h ...
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Symbiogenesis



Symbiogenesis, or endosymbiotic theory, is an evolutionary theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes. It states that several key organelles of eukaryotes originated as a symbiosis between separate single-celled organisms. According to this theory, mitochondria, plastids (for example chloroplasts), and possibly other organelles representing formerly free-living bacteria were taken inside another cell as an endosymbiont around 1.5 billion years ago. Molecular and biochemical evidence suggest that mitochondria developed from proteobacteria (in particular, Rickettsiales, the SAR11 clade, or close relatives) and chloroplasts from cyanobacteria (in particular, nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria).
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