Part II : Light and gravitation
... The curvature of the space in direction of 4.D is not possible to observe and the space always seems to be flat. All measures of curvature in large scale produce always the flat space. If the curvature would be observed, also 4.D would then be observed. The observer's own location in 4.D is always c ...
... The curvature of the space in direction of 4.D is not possible to observe and the space always seems to be flat. All measures of curvature in large scale produce always the flat space. If the curvature would be observed, also 4.D would then be observed. The observer's own location in 4.D is always c ...
Physics and Philosophy Meet: the Strange Case of Poincaré
... like it in the entire history of physics. There have been many instances of work inadequately appreciated at first, on account of what might be called philosophical preconceptions or prejudices; but here we have to deal with a great work by a great scientist and philosopher of science whose own auth ...
... like it in the entire history of physics. There have been many instances of work inadequately appreciated at first, on account of what might be called philosophical preconceptions or prejudices; but here we have to deal with a great work by a great scientist and philosopher of science whose own auth ...
physics before and after einstein
... The aim of the present book is to contribute to this daunting task. Though not an encyclopedic work, it tries to provide a perspective on the history of physics from the late 19th century to today, by taking the series of groundbreaking and sometimes provocative contributions by Einstein as the dema ...
... The aim of the present book is to contribute to this daunting task. Though not an encyclopedic work, it tries to provide a perspective on the history of physics from the late 19th century to today, by taking the series of groundbreaking and sometimes provocative contributions by Einstein as the dema ...
Relativistic quantum information theory and quantum reference frames
... observable phenomena not explained in the existing physical theory. In this work it seems extremely difficult, given the immense theoretical overhead, to derive predictions for new realistic phenomena, and so far no complete theory exists. However, this is not the only way to explore physics at the ...
... observable phenomena not explained in the existing physical theory. In this work it seems extremely difficult, given the immense theoretical overhead, to derive predictions for new realistic phenomena, and so far no complete theory exists. However, this is not the only way to explore physics at the ...
The Einstein Hoax
... nearly complete. The electromagnetic equations of James Clark Maxwell had explained electromagnetic radiation and light was considered to be a vibrational wave propagating through a medium called the Aether in a manner similar to the propagation of sound through air. Using Maxwell's Electromagnetic ...
... nearly complete. The electromagnetic equations of James Clark Maxwell had explained electromagnetic radiation and light was considered to be a vibrational wave propagating through a medium called the Aether in a manner similar to the propagation of sound through air. Using Maxwell's Electromagnetic ...
Tensors - University of Miami Physics Department
... ~ and E ~ are not in the same direction, though the relation between In a crystal however the two fields P them is still linear for small fields. This is analogous to the case above with a particle attached to a set of springs. The electric field polarizes the crystal more easily in some directions ...
... ~ and E ~ are not in the same direction, though the relation between In a crystal however the two fields P them is still linear for small fields. This is analogous to the case above with a particle attached to a set of springs. The electric field polarizes the crystal more easily in some directions ...
Twentieth Century Physics
... Tomorrow is going to be wonderful because tonight I do not understand anything. — Niels Bohr Introductory physics is usually taught in historical order. The first course is mechanics, which was developed in the 17th century, followed by fluids, thermodynamics and electromagnetism, which were develop ...
... Tomorrow is going to be wonderful because tonight I do not understand anything. — Niels Bohr Introductory physics is usually taught in historical order. The first course is mechanics, which was developed in the 17th century, followed by fluids, thermodynamics and electromagnetism, which were develop ...
The Space-Time Contiguity Theory of Consciousness
... producing quantum (Casimir) forces, to which he has so elegantly modeled. Schrödinger’s equation has been used to describe the electromagnetic component of the brain as it approaches, or resembles, that of Pribram’s holographic model. The solutions to universal contingencies, the multiple interactin ...
... producing quantum (Casimir) forces, to which he has so elegantly modeled. Schrödinger’s equation has been used to describe the electromagnetic component of the brain as it approaches, or resembles, that of Pribram’s holographic model. The solutions to universal contingencies, the multiple interactin ...
Chapter 6
... the rifle, but you can never eliminate the recoil. So-called recoilless rifles are really tubes for firing rockets. The recoil momentum is taken up by the gases escaping from the rocket engine. Only external forces can change a system’s momentum. With or without the plate, the exhaust gases exert an ...
... the rifle, but you can never eliminate the recoil. So-called recoilless rifles are really tubes for firing rockets. The recoil momentum is taken up by the gases escaping from the rocket engine. Only external forces can change a system’s momentum. With or without the plate, the exhaust gases exert an ...
ap physics b
... When two objects collide and they stick together after they collide, then this is called a perfectly inelastic collision. The key thing to remember here is that after the collision both objects stick together and have the same velocity. Only momentum is conserved in this type of collision. A third e ...
... When two objects collide and they stick together after they collide, then this is called a perfectly inelastic collision. The key thing to remember here is that after the collision both objects stick together and have the same velocity. Only momentum is conserved in this type of collision. A third e ...
Propagation of electromagnetic energy and momentum through an
... their conservation law have also been evaluated for much more general dielectric media @3#. For propagation through absorbing or scattering materials, the classic treatment of electromagnetic wave propagation, and particularly the identification of the several distinct velocities that are associated ...
... their conservation law have also been evaluated for much more general dielectric media @3#. For propagation through absorbing or scattering materials, the classic treatment of electromagnetic wave propagation, and particularly the identification of the several distinct velocities that are associated ...
The Physics of Renewable Energy
... A. The momentum of an object always remains constant. B. The momentum of a closed system always remains constant. C. Momentum can be stored in objects such as a spring. D. All of the above. ...
... A. The momentum of an object always remains constant. B. The momentum of a closed system always remains constant. C. Momentum can be stored in objects such as a spring. D. All of the above. ...
Wells Problem Workbook Pack
... - Velocity at a certain time (that is an instantaneous velocity), Just look at the y axis and read off the axis what the velocity is, include a direction with the answer. - Displacement at a certain time (implies from when you started until that time), Find the areas between the motion line and the ...
... - Velocity at a certain time (that is an instantaneous velocity), Just look at the y axis and read off the axis what the velocity is, include a direction with the answer. - Displacement at a certain time (implies from when you started until that time), Find the areas between the motion line and the ...
Physics on the Rotating Earth
... of Newton require modifications. The square of angular momentum, for instance, is an invariant under rotation whereas the angular momentum as a vector transforms in this process. As a matter of fact every vector change, in particular the velocity and acceleration vectors also do change and as a res ...
... of Newton require modifications. The square of angular momentum, for instance, is an invariant under rotation whereas the angular momentum as a vector transforms in this process. As a matter of fact every vector change, in particular the velocity and acceleration vectors also do change and as a res ...
mathematical principles of natural philosophy
... The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century began to validate those dreams of ancient Greece. That revolution led to Isaac Newton’s mathematical laws of motion and of gravity. Newton’s laws permitted precise calculation of the motion of planets and comets, and provided powerful tools for de ...
... The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century began to validate those dreams of ancient Greece. That revolution led to Isaac Newton’s mathematical laws of motion and of gravity. Newton’s laws permitted precise calculation of the motion of planets and comets, and provided powerful tools for de ...
Chapter 5: Conservation of Linear momentum
... be a transfer of some “motional stuff” from your foot to the ball. When you knock bowling pins down with a bowling ball, a similar thing seems to be happening. Can we quantify this “motional stuff” as a conserved quantity? For many years, physicists investigated different combinations of mass and sp ...
... be a transfer of some “motional stuff” from your foot to the ball. When you knock bowling pins down with a bowling ball, a similar thing seems to be happening. Can we quantify this “motional stuff” as a conserved quantity? For many years, physicists investigated different combinations of mass and sp ...
Unipolar Induction
... problem. The solution was merely a modification of Faraday's solution proposed in 1851, that the lines of force do not rotate with the magnet, so that an emf is generated by the stationary lines being cut by the motion of the magnet across them. In Montgomery's solution this is not so obvious, howev ...
... problem. The solution was merely a modification of Faraday's solution proposed in 1851, that the lines of force do not rotate with the magnet, so that an emf is generated by the stationary lines being cut by the motion of the magnet across them. In Montgomery's solution this is not so obvious, howev ...
An action principle in general relativistic
... equation by Lichnerowicz) and a Bernoullian theorem, the conditions of establishment of which do not imply irrotationality or stationarity but only conservation of entropy along a particle path, conservation (or continuity) of matter and conservation of the identity of particles. Moreover peculiar f ...
... equation by Lichnerowicz) and a Bernoullian theorem, the conditions of establishment of which do not imply irrotationality or stationarity but only conservation of entropy along a particle path, conservation (or continuity) of matter and conservation of the identity of particles. Moreover peculiar f ...
Special relativity
In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time. It is based on two postulates: (1) that the laws of physics are invariant (i.e. identical) in all inertial systems (non-accelerating frames of reference); and (2) that the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of the light source. It was originally proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein in the paper ""On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"". The inconsistency of Newtonian mechanics with Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism and the inability to discover Earth's motion through a luminiferous aether led to the development of special relativity, which corrects mechanics to handle situations involving motions nearing the speed of light. As of today, special relativity is the most accurate model of motion at any speed. Even so, Newtonian mechanics is still useful (due to its simplicity and high accuracy) as an approximation at small velocities relative to the speed of light.Special relativity implies a wide range of consequences, which have been experimentally verified, including length contraction, time dilation, relativistic mass, mass–energy equivalence, a universal speed limit, and relativity of simultaneity. It has replaced the conventional notion of an absolute universal time with the notion of a time that is dependent on reference frame and spatial position. Rather than an invariant time interval between two events, there is an invariant spacetime interval. Combined with other laws of physics, the two postulates of special relativity predict the equivalence of mass and energy, as expressed in the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, where c is the speed of light in vacuum.A defining feature of special relativity is the replacement of the Galilean transformations of Newtonian mechanics with the Lorentz transformations. Time and space cannot be defined separately from each other. Rather space and time are interwoven into a single continuum known as spacetime. Events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another.The theory is ""special"" in that it only applies in the special case where the curvature of spacetime due to gravity is negligible. In order to include gravity, Einstein formulated general relativity in 1915. (Special relativity, contrary to some outdated descriptions, is capable of handling accelerated frames of reference.)As Galilean relativity is now considered an approximation of special relativity that is valid for low speeds, special relativity is considered an approximation of general relativity that is valid for weak gravitational fields, i.e. at a sufficiently small scale and in conditions of free fall. Whereas general relativity incorporates noneuclidean geometry in order to represent gravitational effects as the geometric curvature of spacetime, special relativity is restricted to the flat spacetime known as Minkowski space. A locally Lorentz-invariant frame that abides by special relativity can be defined at sufficiently small scales, even in curved spacetime.Galileo Galilei had already postulated that there is no absolute and well-defined state of rest (no privileged reference frames), a principle now called Galileo's principle of relativity. Einstein extended this principle so that it accounted for the constant speed of light, a phenomenon that had been recently observed in the Michelson–Morley experiment. He also postulated that it holds for all the laws of physics, including both the laws of mechanics and of electrodynamics.