0455 economics - Cambridge International Examinations
... confident about the future and so may spend more (1) • may borrow more as banks may be more willing to lend to them (1) as they will be relatively confident about being repaid (1), they may be likely to borrow to e.g. buy a house, go on an expensive foreign holiday (1) Up to 4 marks for why they mig ...
... confident about the future and so may spend more (1) • may borrow more as banks may be more willing to lend to them (1) as they will be relatively confident about being repaid (1), they may be likely to borrow to e.g. buy a house, go on an expensive foreign holiday (1) Up to 4 marks for why they mig ...
Job Changes & Hour Changes: Understanding the Path of Labor
... “. . . the absence of data on the distribution of wealth for a sufficient number of countries forces researchers to use proxies in empirical studies. The most common approach is to use data on income inequality as a proxy for wealth inequality.” Aghion, Caroli, and GarciaPenalosa (1999) Bénabou (199 ...
... “. . . the absence of data on the distribution of wealth for a sufficient number of countries forces researchers to use proxies in empirical studies. The most common approach is to use data on income inequality as a proxy for wealth inequality.” Aghion, Caroli, and GarciaPenalosa (1999) Bénabou (199 ...
GOVERNANCE ISSUES IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND STATES
... average per capita incomes have shown little change since independence. • In most of these countries, population growth rates are still high as they have not yet entered the post-demographic transition stage, and total fertility rates are around 4. • Hence, with population growth rates of 2.5 per ce ...
... average per capita incomes have shown little change since independence. • In most of these countries, population growth rates are still high as they have not yet entered the post-demographic transition stage, and total fertility rates are around 4. • Hence, with population growth rates of 2.5 per ce ...
Productivity Statistics: 1978–2015
... contain enterprises that are market producers. This means they sell their products for economically significant prices that affect the quantity that consumers are willing to purchase. The series is available from 1996. Multifactor productivity (MFP): estimates are indexes of real GDP per combined un ...
... contain enterprises that are market producers. This means they sell their products for economically significant prices that affect the quantity that consumers are willing to purchase. The series is available from 1996. Multifactor productivity (MFP): estimates are indexes of real GDP per combined un ...
A Retrospective Look at the US Productivity
... framework. The common conclusion was that information technology had made a relatively small contribution to output growth up to the mid 1990s. The modest contribution of information technology investment, however, was not surprising given the relative size of investments in information technology e ...
... framework. The common conclusion was that information technology had made a relatively small contribution to output growth up to the mid 1990s. The modest contribution of information technology investment, however, was not surprising given the relative size of investments in information technology e ...
External Finance in Early U.S. Growth and Panics, 1795-1860
... The idea that financial system composition should uniquely fit the needs and structure of the home country is argued in several papers. Cameron et al (1967) document how Western European nations, Russia, and Japan industrialized with very different banking systems in place. Allen et al (2010) perfor ...
... The idea that financial system composition should uniquely fit the needs and structure of the home country is argued in several papers. Cameron et al (1967) document how Western European nations, Russia, and Japan industrialized with very different banking systems in place. Allen et al (2010) perfor ...
The increasing importance of developing countries in the global
... (e.g. emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases), and inequality (e.g. poverty rates and Gini coefficients). Trade flows of developing economies are also explored, focusing on the enhanced export opportunities for least-developed countries as a result of the trade opening of large, dynamic develop ...
... (e.g. emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases), and inequality (e.g. poverty rates and Gini coefficients). Trade flows of developing economies are also explored, focusing on the enhanced export opportunities for least-developed countries as a result of the trade opening of large, dynamic develop ...
Ch 10
... percent inflation rate as its growing exports raised Japanese aggregate demand. • By 2010, Japan experienced a deflation rate of 2.5 percent as purchases of Japanese export goods by residents of the United States and other nations plunged, causing a sudden drop in aggregate demand. ...
... percent inflation rate as its growing exports raised Japanese aggregate demand. • By 2010, Japan experienced a deflation rate of 2.5 percent as purchases of Japanese export goods by residents of the United States and other nations plunged, causing a sudden drop in aggregate demand. ...
multiplier
... Actual aggregate expenditure is always equal to real GDP. Aggregate planned expenditure may differ from actual aggregate expenditure because firms can have unplanned changes in inventories. Equilibrium expenditure is the level of aggregate expenditure that occurs when aggregate planned expenditure e ...
... Actual aggregate expenditure is always equal to real GDP. Aggregate planned expenditure may differ from actual aggregate expenditure because firms can have unplanned changes in inventories. Equilibrium expenditure is the level of aggregate expenditure that occurs when aggregate planned expenditure e ...
Mercy Corps (2003) “Mercy Corps Begins
... respected or defended. Property titles, which once served as a key insurance mechanism for guaranteeing bank lending, no longer were recognized by the Mugabe government. Within a short period, Zimbabwe went from a place of hope to one of the grimmest places on Earth. The economy collapsed by 5 perce ...
... respected or defended. Property titles, which once served as a key insurance mechanism for guaranteeing bank lending, no longer were recognized by the Mugabe government. Within a short period, Zimbabwe went from a place of hope to one of the grimmest places on Earth. The economy collapsed by 5 perce ...
I CHAPTER 2. SUBREGIONAL PERFORMANCE AND MEDIUM-TERM CHALLENGES Robust growth despite slowing exports
... adverse weather conditions that caused poor agricultural performance. The Islamic Republic of Iran, the only net oil exporter in the subregion, is expected to maintain robust economic growth at 5.8% due to rising oil prices. Because of demand and supply pressures, inflation in most South Asian count ...
... adverse weather conditions that caused poor agricultural performance. The Islamic Republic of Iran, the only net oil exporter in the subregion, is expected to maintain robust economic growth at 5.8% due to rising oil prices. Because of demand and supply pressures, inflation in most South Asian count ...
68079100I_en.pdf
... Latin American countries, but they form an increasingly large proportion of Chile’s exports to the United States and Europe. Exports of non-factor services have also risen dramatically. It has not been possible to disaggregate exports of services by category, but the qualitative information availabl ...
... Latin American countries, but they form an increasingly large proportion of Chile’s exports to the United States and Europe. Exports of non-factor services have also risen dramatically. It has not been possible to disaggregate exports of services by category, but the qualitative information availabl ...
The Economic Impact of Telecommunications in Senegal, Dr. Raul Katz and Dr. Pantelis Koutroumpis
... country’s economic development. Telecommunication revenues account for 10.8% (or US $1.4 billion) of the country’s GDP, contributing annually to its growth $104 million, the highest across country sectors, and generating 12.6% of total tax collections1. Furthermore, the sector represents 3,000 direc ...
... country’s economic development. Telecommunication revenues account for 10.8% (or US $1.4 billion) of the country’s GDP, contributing annually to its growth $104 million, the highest across country sectors, and generating 12.6% of total tax collections1. Furthermore, the sector represents 3,000 direc ...
Economic Growth and Life Satisfaction in Japan
... the war ended, life expectancy was merely fifty years old for men, an age far exceeded now and one of the longest in the world. With these descriptions, it can be seen that the Japanese have made great progress and gained both economic and social wellbeing during the post-World War II era. Japan’s s ...
... the war ended, life expectancy was merely fifty years old for men, an age far exceeded now and one of the longest in the world. With these descriptions, it can be seen that the Japanese have made great progress and gained both economic and social wellbeing during the post-World War II era. Japan’s s ...
ANSWERS TO HOMEWORK QUESTIONS Chapter 3
... (d) If Ricardian equivalence holds, there is no effect. If Ricardian equivalence does not hold, then the result is the same as in part (b), as the foreign country’s saving curve shifts to the right. That is because all else equal, higher taxes increase government saving more than they reduce private ...
... (d) If Ricardian equivalence holds, there is no effect. If Ricardian equivalence does not hold, then the result is the same as in part (b), as the foreign country’s saving curve shifts to the right. That is because all else equal, higher taxes increase government saving more than they reduce private ...
Document
... service—the number of dollars each product is sold for • However, using the dollar prices at which goods and services actually sell also creates a problem – If prices rise, then GDP will rise, even if we are not actually producing more – GDP must be adjusted to take away the effects of inflation ...
... service—the number of dollars each product is sold for • However, using the dollar prices at which goods and services actually sell also creates a problem – If prices rise, then GDP will rise, even if we are not actually producing more – GDP must be adjusted to take away the effects of inflation ...
Does better local governance improve district growth performance in
... and higher levels of growth in firm size. Finally, in a paper that closely relates to our own work, Ardagna and Lusardi (2008) show that better contract enforcement institutions increase the share of entrepreneurs that identify themselves as growth-oriented. Other authors have explored the importanc ...
... and higher levels of growth in firm size. Finally, in a paper that closely relates to our own work, Ardagna and Lusardi (2008) show that better contract enforcement institutions increase the share of entrepreneurs that identify themselves as growth-oriented. Other authors have explored the importanc ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
... Microeconomics is the part of economics that deals with supply and demand in the markets for particular commodities and industries. It focuses on how competitive markets can work to efficiently allocate resources and create maximum producer and consumer surplus (and also on how markets can become no ...
... Microeconomics is the part of economics that deals with supply and demand in the markets for particular commodities and industries. It focuses on how competitive markets can work to efficiently allocate resources and create maximum producer and consumer surplus (and also on how markets can become no ...
Do crude oil price changes affect economic growth of
... macroeconomy as compared to shock in 1979 for US economy. Jimenez-Rodrigues and Sanchez (2004) conducted a study of oil price shocks on GDP growth of OECD countries. They concluded using VAR and Granger causality analysis that interaction between oil price shocks and macroeconomic variables are sign ...
... macroeconomy as compared to shock in 1979 for US economy. Jimenez-Rodrigues and Sanchez (2004) conducted a study of oil price shocks on GDP growth of OECD countries. They concluded using VAR and Granger causality analysis that interaction between oil price shocks and macroeconomic variables are sign ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.