Structural Fiscal Rule: A Proposal for Mexico
... thus resulting in a zero structural balance. Given that potential growth does not change in the short run, since it represents the economy’s steady state, then structural revenues also grow at a constant rate. This way, structural fiscal revenues are insulated from the volatility of the business cyc ...
... thus resulting in a zero structural balance. Given that potential growth does not change in the short run, since it represents the economy’s steady state, then structural revenues also grow at a constant rate. This way, structural fiscal revenues are insulated from the volatility of the business cyc ...
Are we nearly there yet?
... In the short-term growth forecasts have been revised up, to 2 per cent in 2017 from 1.4 per cent. The near-term borrowing outlook has also improved, with public sector net borrowing expected to come in a significant £16.4 billion lower this year than expected back in November. The OBR has considered ...
... In the short-term growth forecasts have been revised up, to 2 per cent in 2017 from 1.4 per cent. The near-term borrowing outlook has also improved, with public sector net borrowing expected to come in a significant £16.4 billion lower this year than expected back in November. The OBR has considered ...
Long-Run and Short-Run Concerns: Growth, Productivity
... • Other popular price indexes are producer price indexes (PPIs), which measure price changes for products at all stages in the production process. • The three main categories are: • finished goods, • intermediate materials, and • crude materials. ...
... • Other popular price indexes are producer price indexes (PPIs), which measure price changes for products at all stages in the production process. • The three main categories are: • finished goods, • intermediate materials, and • crude materials. ...
Long-Run and Short-Run Concerns: Growth, Productivity
... • Other popular price indexes are producer price indexes (PPIs), which measure price changes for products at all stages in the production process. • The three main categories are: • finished goods, • intermediate materials, and • crude materials. ...
... • Other popular price indexes are producer price indexes (PPIs), which measure price changes for products at all stages in the production process. • The three main categories are: • finished goods, • intermediate materials, and • crude materials. ...
Land Reform, Farm Structure, And Agricultural Performance in CIS
... is that agricultural development in CIS is mainly driven by policy factors, and it is changes in policies (whether agricultural or general economic) that cumulatively affect growth, employment, and productivity in the large rural sector in CIS. International development organizations, such as the Wo ...
... is that agricultural development in CIS is mainly driven by policy factors, and it is changes in policies (whether agricultural or general economic) that cumulatively affect growth, employment, and productivity in the large rural sector in CIS. International development organizations, such as the Wo ...
AGGREGATE AND PER CAPITA GDP IN EUROPE, 1870
... this period. Taking the change over time in the unweighted cross-sectional standard deviation of the log of per capita income (σ) as a measure of unconditional σconvergence, we see that far from exhibiting convergence between 1870 and 1913, Europe displayed a tendency towards divergence (Table 3). O ...
... this period. Taking the change over time in the unweighted cross-sectional standard deviation of the log of per capita income (σ) as a measure of unconditional σconvergence, we see that far from exhibiting convergence between 1870 and 1913, Europe displayed a tendency towards divergence (Table 3). O ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
... economic growth for a group of 30 countries during the period of 1970-2005. The findings show that a long-run relationship exists between government expenditure and economic growth. Also, the causality runs from economic growth to government expenditure in 10 of the countries, confirmed the Wagner’s ...
... economic growth for a group of 30 countries during the period of 1970-2005. The findings show that a long-run relationship exists between government expenditure and economic growth. Also, the causality runs from economic growth to government expenditure in 10 of the countries, confirmed the Wagner’s ...
What are the links between power, economic growth
... transmission and distribution. Investment projects in the power sector can be in one or several of these components. In most countries, power generation is separate from power transmission and distribution, allowing multiple power generators to supply electricity into a single grid. Investment in a ...
... transmission and distribution. Investment projects in the power sector can be in one or several of these components. In most countries, power generation is separate from power transmission and distribution, allowing multiple power generators to supply electricity into a single grid. Investment in a ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change
... In this report, we present our latest long-term economic growth projections, providing an update to our 2015 results. We project GDP to 2050 for 32 of the largest economies in the world, which together currently account for around 85% of global GDP. We hope this analysis will be of interest to polic ...
... In this report, we present our latest long-term economic growth projections, providing an update to our 2015 results. We project GDP to 2050 for 32 of the largest economies in the world, which together currently account for around 85% of global GDP. We hope this analysis will be of interest to polic ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change by 2050?
... In this report, we present our latest long-term economic growth projections, providing an update to our 2015 results. We project GDP to 2050 for 32 of the largest economies in the world, which together currently account for around 85% of global GDP. We hope this analysis will be of interest to polic ...
... In this report, we present our latest long-term economic growth projections, providing an update to our 2015 results. We project GDP to 2050 for 32 of the largest economies in the world, which together currently account for around 85% of global GDP. We hope this analysis will be of interest to polic ...
On growth and volatility regime switching models for
... % . Thus our model can be viewed as approximating a system with & states and transition probabilities (3) that potentially involve 12 free parameters, by a low–dimension system with 4 free parameters. Of course this approach could be extended further for larger values of & with even more parsimo ...
... % . Thus our model can be viewed as approximating a system with & states and transition probabilities (3) that potentially involve 12 free parameters, by a low–dimension system with 4 free parameters. Of course this approach could be extended further for larger values of & with even more parsimo ...
Nigeria - World Economic Forum
... growth for each zone was determined, based on projected demographic change and increasing life expectancy, which resulted in per capita income projections. Population trends vary drastically across Nigeria’s regions. The three southern regions have much lower fertility rates (4.2-4.4 children per wo ...
... growth for each zone was determined, based on projected demographic change and increasing life expectancy, which resulted in per capita income projections. Population trends vary drastically across Nigeria’s regions. The three southern regions have much lower fertility rates (4.2-4.4 children per wo ...
Econ 002 – INTRO MACRO –Prof. Luca Bossi
... 1999. What was 1972 tuition per credit hour in 1999 dollars? a. $18.12. b. $63.74 c. $13.26 d. $74.21 9) In 2008, OPEC succeeds in raising world oil prices by 300 percent. This price increase causes inventors to look at alternative sources of fuel for internal-combustion engines. A hydrogen-powered ...
... 1999. What was 1972 tuition per credit hour in 1999 dollars? a. $18.12. b. $63.74 c. $13.26 d. $74.21 9) In 2008, OPEC succeeds in raising world oil prices by 300 percent. This price increase causes inventors to look at alternative sources of fuel for internal-combustion engines. A hydrogen-powered ...
CH02_EconForLife_Macro_1E_0722
... 1. What is potential GDP per person? 2. If real GDP per person was $50 000 last year and increases to $52 000 this year, what is the annual economic growth rate? 3. A country can increase labour force participation, which increases potential GDP, by allowing child labour and reducing vacation time. ...
... 1. What is potential GDP per person? 2. If real GDP per person was $50 000 last year and increases to $52 000 this year, what is the annual economic growth rate? 3. A country can increase labour force participation, which increases potential GDP, by allowing child labour and reducing vacation time. ...
Fox, S. (2012). Urbanization as a global historical process: theory
... The traditional economic theory of urbanization, which has dominated in both academic and policy circles since the 1950s, revolves around the relationship between structural economic change and the spatial dynamics of the labor market. The premise is straightforward: as the modern urban sector (i.e. ...
... The traditional economic theory of urbanization, which has dominated in both academic and policy circles since the 1950s, revolves around the relationship between structural economic change and the spatial dynamics of the labor market. The premise is straightforward: as the modern urban sector (i.e. ...
Slide 1
... • Quarterly data are not available until almost a month after the quarter is over. • The government often makes significant changes in the GDP estimates between the initial and final estimates. • Updates can even occur years after the first estimates are released. • It is normal for real GDP to fluc ...
... • Quarterly data are not available until almost a month after the quarter is over. • The government often makes significant changes in the GDP estimates between the initial and final estimates. • Updates can even occur years after the first estimates are released. • It is normal for real GDP to fluc ...
Agriculture and Structural Transformation in Developing Asia
... Asian experience. The most prominent stylized fact of modern development is a secular decline in the share of agriculture in both output and gross domestic product (GDP), with the consequent increase in the combined shares of industry and services. The experience of developing Asia is no exception. ...
... Asian experience. The most prominent stylized fact of modern development is a secular decline in the share of agriculture in both output and gross domestic product (GDP), with the consequent increase in the combined shares of industry and services. The experience of developing Asia is no exception. ...
Fertility determinants and economic uncertainty: an assessment
... of children at least in those countries that have succeeded in minimizing the incurred costs of childbearing and work. Moreover, when women are provided with opportunities nearly equivalent to those of men, such as in market employment and in education, but these opportunities are severely curtailed ...
... of children at least in those countries that have succeeded in minimizing the incurred costs of childbearing and work. Moreover, when women are provided with opportunities nearly equivalent to those of men, such as in market employment and in education, but these opportunities are severely curtailed ...
Note on Macroeconomic Data
... total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods & services. • Nominal GDP values output at current prices; real GDP values output at constant prices. Changes in output affect both measures, but changes in prices only affect nominal GDP. • GDP is the sum of consumption, investment, government purc ...
... total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods & services. • Nominal GDP values output at current prices; real GDP values output at constant prices. Changes in output affect both measures, but changes in prices only affect nominal GDP. • GDP is the sum of consumption, investment, government purc ...
Chapter 12: Production and Growth
... When a nation’s workers are very productive, real GDP is large and incomes are high. When productivity grows rapidly, so do living standards. ...
... When a nation’s workers are very productive, real GDP is large and incomes are high. When productivity grows rapidly, so do living standards. ...
PORTRAIT OF LOW SAVINGS IN AFRICA
... by the monetary authority for documentation In addition, most of the savings in Africa is in terms of assets rather than cash, which means that to save for another to invest, is insignificant Furthermore, savings in the formal sector is mainly done for short term purposes attracting insignificant in ...
... by the monetary authority for documentation In addition, most of the savings in Africa is in terms of assets rather than cash, which means that to save for another to invest, is insignificant Furthermore, savings in the formal sector is mainly done for short term purposes attracting insignificant in ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.