NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PUTTING THE LID ON LOBBYING:
... the tariff structure. We find that average tariffs are uncorrelated with long-term industry output growth: countries with lower average tariffs do not grow faster. In contrast, the skill-bias of the tariff structure is highly significant both economically and statistically: countries with relatively ...
... the tariff structure. We find that average tariffs are uncorrelated with long-term industry output growth: countries with lower average tariffs do not grow faster. In contrast, the skill-bias of the tariff structure is highly significant both economically and statistically: countries with relatively ...
Growth, History, or Institutions? What Explains State Fragility in
... GDP growth and investment, which show some explanatory power in pooled regressions, lose significance once we exploit the panel dimension of the dataset. Among our colonial variables, we find a mild positive impact only for British colonization, while French and Portuguese colonization, political st ...
... GDP growth and investment, which show some explanatory power in pooled regressions, lose significance once we exploit the panel dimension of the dataset. Among our colonial variables, we find a mild positive impact only for British colonization, while French and Portuguese colonization, political st ...
How Well GDP Measures the Well-Being of Society
... typical workweek for a U.S. worker has fallen over the last century from about 60 hours per week to less than 40 hours per week. Life expectancy and health have risen dramatically, and so has the average level of education. Since 1970, the air and water in the United States have generally been getti ...
... typical workweek for a U.S. worker has fallen over the last century from about 60 hours per week to less than 40 hours per week. Life expectancy and health have risen dramatically, and so has the average level of education. Since 1970, the air and water in the United States have generally been getti ...
Economics Focus
... the view that some countries currently in the EM category are not necessarily among the future global growth generators. And in principle, there could be countries that are not currently classified as EMs that could become, or could become again, sources of global growth. Certainly when we don’t foc ...
... the view that some countries currently in the EM category are not necessarily among the future global growth generators. And in principle, there could be countries that are not currently classified as EMs that could become, or could become again, sources of global growth. Certainly when we don’t foc ...
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... In addition, the components included in the calculation of productivity indexes are different under these two approaches. Taking the measurement of multifactor productivity as an example, based on equation (5), the productivity index ln(At/At-1) is calculated by subtracting the weighted average of t ...
... In addition, the components included in the calculation of productivity indexes are different under these two approaches. Taking the measurement of multifactor productivity as an example, based on equation (5), the productivity index ln(At/At-1) is calculated by subtracting the weighted average of t ...
UNIT 8
... have a lot of relevant information. The tutor2u website is very good, especially on the problems of categorising different countries. As above, each student needs to choose two countries to compare. One should be a developed country and one a developing country. He/she should find out what the popul ...
... have a lot of relevant information. The tutor2u website is very good, especially on the problems of categorising different countries. As above, each student needs to choose two countries to compare. One should be a developed country and one a developing country. He/she should find out what the popul ...
PDF
... since the launching of economic reform in the late 1970s, it is still unclear what have been the main causes of the declining trend. The question we want to answer in this section is whether or not credit of poverty reduction go to poverty alleviation program or to general economic growth? In fact, ...
... since the launching of economic reform in the late 1970s, it is still unclear what have been the main causes of the declining trend. The question we want to answer in this section is whether or not credit of poverty reduction go to poverty alleviation program or to general economic growth? In fact, ...
ROLES OF GOVERNMENT IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROMOTION AS …
... To increase output of X for maximizing pDNI, central planner expended more for promoting efficiency of unskilled labors relative to skilled labors in the past and, in present period, technology is biased to unskilled labors in ...
... To increase output of X for maximizing pDNI, central planner expended more for promoting efficiency of unskilled labors relative to skilled labors in the past and, in present period, technology is biased to unskilled labors in ...
Economic Effects of Reductions in Defense Outlays Executive Summary by Benjamin Zycher
... what economists call “structural unemployment.” It is the result of changes in the underlying economic conditions of demand and supply that yield shifts in the relative price signals inducing resources to flow toward and away from various sectors. In other words, as demand and supply conditions chan ...
... what economists call “structural unemployment.” It is the result of changes in the underlying economic conditions of demand and supply that yield shifts in the relative price signals inducing resources to flow toward and away from various sectors. In other words, as demand and supply conditions chan ...
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... producing egg until they reach age of zero productivity. The sale of these livestock products is part of the economic flows in the sector. Moreover, during their life time, breeding stocks give birth to many off-springs that are sold year after year as finished stocks or can be slaughtered at differ ...
... producing egg until they reach age of zero productivity. The sale of these livestock products is part of the economic flows in the sector. Moreover, during their life time, breeding stocks give birth to many off-springs that are sold year after year as finished stocks or can be slaughtered at differ ...
Real-Business-Cycle Models and the Forecastable
... However, we show that these forecastable movements generated by the model are small both in absolute terms (given the size of changes in productivity) and relative to the overall size of the movements in output. In particular, we show that the variance of predictable output movements implied by the ...
... However, we show that these forecastable movements generated by the model are small both in absolute terms (given the size of changes in productivity) and relative to the overall size of the movements in output. In particular, we show that the variance of predictable output movements implied by the ...
Spillovers from Global and Regional Shocks to Armenia
... channels of spillovers from external shocks to Armenia. The goal is to identify the relative contribution of different channels such as trade, remittances, tourism and external borrowing and the role played by different geographical areas such as Russia, the EU and the U.S. The paper aims to answer ...
... channels of spillovers from external shocks to Armenia. The goal is to identify the relative contribution of different channels such as trade, remittances, tourism and external borrowing and the role played by different geographical areas such as Russia, the EU and the U.S. The paper aims to answer ...
Peacekeeping Economies
... these sectors (Corden and Neary, 1982).5 At the same time, a prominent part of the literature on revenue windfalls warns that countries experiencing such windfalls can come to be haunted by a “resource curse,” characterized by unaccountable elites capturing rents while growth and development stagnat ...
... these sectors (Corden and Neary, 1982).5 At the same time, a prominent part of the literature on revenue windfalls warns that countries experiencing such windfalls can come to be haunted by a “resource curse,” characterized by unaccountable elites capturing rents while growth and development stagnat ...
Lecture Template - Vladivostok State University of
... What kind of problems do national economies have to resolve to improve their international Competitiveness? Do competitive firms come from competitive nations ? How do we measure Competitiveness? Are there any differences between firm Competitiveness and national Competitiveness? What dete ...
... What kind of problems do national economies have to resolve to improve their international Competitiveness? Do competitive firms come from competitive nations ? How do we measure Competitiveness? Are there any differences between firm Competitiveness and national Competitiveness? What dete ...
OP8Ibrahim
... In recent decades, economic theories of coups have gained some prominence. Although there is much disagreement among scholars on specific points, there has been some consensus that poor economic performance dramatically increases coup risk in a given state. These economic theories, however, have bee ...
... In recent decades, economic theories of coups have gained some prominence. Although there is much disagreement among scholars on specific points, there has been some consensus that poor economic performance dramatically increases coup risk in a given state. These economic theories, however, have bee ...
P A R T I I Classical Theory: The Economy
... he most important macroeconomic variable is gross domestic product (GDP). As we have seen, GDP measures both a nation’s total output of goods and services and its total income. To appreciate the significance of GDP, one need only take a quick look at international data: compared with their poorer co ...
... he most important macroeconomic variable is gross domestic product (GDP). As we have seen, GDP measures both a nation’s total output of goods and services and its total income. To appreciate the significance of GDP, one need only take a quick look at international data: compared with their poorer co ...
3. Comparative analysis of Arctic economies at macro level
... product (GRP) at market prices (including the product taxes minus subsidies) whereas other countries present GRP at basic prices (at factor cost or as gross value added). From detailed regional accounts of United States, Canada and Sweden the share of product taxes less subsidies were available, how ...
... product (GRP) at market prices (including the product taxes minus subsidies) whereas other countries present GRP at basic prices (at factor cost or as gross value added). From detailed regional accounts of United States, Canada and Sweden the share of product taxes less subsidies were available, how ...
BB111_fme_lnt_008_Ma..
... • a growing economy can consume more today while increasing its capacity to produce more in the future ...
... • a growing economy can consume more today while increasing its capacity to produce more in the future ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TOWARDS A THEORY OF CURRENT ACCOUNTS Jaume Ventura
... world supply of capital. Increases in wealth in a small country have only negligible effects on world wealth and the interest rate and, as a result, they also have negligible effects on the country’s capital stock. ...
... world supply of capital. Increases in wealth in a small country have only negligible effects on world wealth and the interest rate and, as a result, they also have negligible effects on the country’s capital stock. ...
The New Comparative Economics versus the Old
... One of the most visible contributions of the new comparative economics is to our understanding of what Kuznets (1966) termed modern economic growth. In this section, I will briefly sketch the concept of modern economic growth and highlight several noteworthy contributions that the new comparative ec ...
... One of the most visible contributions of the new comparative economics is to our understanding of what Kuznets (1966) termed modern economic growth. In this section, I will briefly sketch the concept of modern economic growth and highlight several noteworthy contributions that the new comparative ec ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.