NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES STICKY INFORMATION: N. Gregory Mankiw
... the model implies that the change in inflation is positively correlated with the level of economic activity, which is the well-known "accelerationist Phillips curve." The model presented here encompasses the previous model--and thus these results--as a special case. In Section II we offer some new ...
... the model implies that the change in inflation is positively correlated with the level of economic activity, which is the well-known "accelerationist Phillips curve." The model presented here encompasses the previous model--and thus these results--as a special case. In Section II we offer some new ...
Ireland`s Stability Programme April 2015 Update
... activation and re-skilling so that those who became unemployed during the crisis are best equipped to find work. Significant capital has been invested in the banks, and the share of that capital that has been recovered is growing. Ensuring credit flow to viable SMEs is also a key priority given the ...
... activation and re-skilling so that those who became unemployed during the crisis are best equipped to find work. Significant capital has been invested in the banks, and the share of that capital that has been recovered is growing. Ensuring credit flow to viable SMEs is also a key priority given the ...
working paper 2016-11 - UP School of Statistics
... Even before the problem of mismatched frequencies of data, econometricians have already been challenged with the peculiarities of macroeconomic data. Practitioners have hundreds of series at their disposal, although most of them are not desirably long enough, e.g. only 20 to 40 years of quarterly da ...
... Even before the problem of mismatched frequencies of data, econometricians have already been challenged with the peculiarities of macroeconomic data. Practitioners have hundreds of series at their disposal, although most of them are not desirably long enough, e.g. only 20 to 40 years of quarterly da ...
North-South Knowledge Spillovers and Growth
... Recent theories of growth have revived interest in the debate into the relationship between international trade and economic growth. In one strand of this literature, growth occurs through intentional investments in R&D (Research and Development) that produces new technology or knowledge. In this li ...
... Recent theories of growth have revived interest in the debate into the relationship between international trade and economic growth. In one strand of this literature, growth occurs through intentional investments in R&D (Research and Development) that produces new technology or knowledge. In this li ...
Mankiw 5e Chapter 2 completed
... Correct. The answer is C. As explained in Section 2-1, GDP includes only the value of final goods. Therefore, this transaction increases GDP by $3. ...
... Correct. The answer is C. As explained in Section 2-1, GDP includes only the value of final goods. Therefore, this transaction increases GDP by $3. ...
International Trade and Capital
... currency mismatches of the households balance-sheet and increasing their vulnerability to exchange rate fluctuations. At the same time, prudential indicators reported by the NBR disclosed that financial stance of the banking system remained in a good shape. Money Supply and Non-Government Domestic C ...
... currency mismatches of the households balance-sheet and increasing their vulnerability to exchange rate fluctuations. At the same time, prudential indicators reported by the NBR disclosed that financial stance of the banking system remained in a good shape. Money Supply and Non-Government Domestic C ...
The Role of Firm-Level Productivity Growth for the Optimal Rate of
... rate. To preserve their profit-maximizing markup, incumbent firms therefore prefer to increasing their real price, and this requires a negative inflation rate. Apparently, learning by doing dominates the role of embodied productivity growth for the optimal long-run inflation rate and makes this rate ...
... rate. To preserve their profit-maximizing markup, incumbent firms therefore prefer to increasing their real price, and this requires a negative inflation rate. Apparently, learning by doing dominates the role of embodied productivity growth for the optimal long-run inflation rate and makes this rate ...
Low Henry N. Goldstein SHOULD WE FRET ABOUT OUR NET
... along the following lines: (a) I note that the very sharp dip in the net U.S. saving rate in the 1980s far exceeds the drop in the gross U.S. saving rate—the ratio of gross saving to GNP; (b) I argue that the gross saving rate—and its counterpart in a closed-economy setting, the gross investment rat ...
... along the following lines: (a) I note that the very sharp dip in the net U.S. saving rate in the 1980s far exceeds the drop in the gross U.S. saving rate—the ratio of gross saving to GNP; (b) I argue that the gross saving rate—and its counterpart in a closed-economy setting, the gross investment rat ...
Can We Discern the Effect of Globalization on Income Distribution
... skilled people and a decreasing education premium), or demographic change (increasing share of the elderly and rising social transfers). These structural changes are all associated with rising GDP per capita. Once the equation is solved for such structural correlates of income as financial deepening ...
... skilled people and a decreasing education premium), or demographic change (increasing share of the elderly and rising social transfers). These structural changes are all associated with rising GDP per capita. Once the equation is solved for such structural correlates of income as financial deepening ...
D F A H
... so-called tragedy of the commons. Lane and Tornell (1996) describe a growth model that incorporates “common access” to the aggregate capital stock as a reduced form of a situation where other groups can appropriate part of the returns of a group of individuals. They document the existence of the vor ...
... so-called tragedy of the commons. Lane and Tornell (1996) describe a growth model that incorporates “common access” to the aggregate capital stock as a reduced form of a situation where other groups can appropriate part of the returns of a group of individuals. They document the existence of the vor ...
Chapter IV: Regional developments and outlook
... have the lowest ratio of net debt to earnings in two decades, more than $3 trillion in cash and record earnings per share. With long-term interest rates at record lows, companies have the potential to boost investment more than projected if the prospects for aggregate demand strengthen further and u ...
... have the lowest ratio of net debt to earnings in two decades, more than $3 trillion in cash and record earnings per share. With long-term interest rates at record lows, companies have the potential to boost investment more than projected if the prospects for aggregate demand strengthen further and u ...
- TestbankU
... 41) GDP can be measured three ways. First, GDP represents the market value of the final goods and services produced in the economy during a given period. This would be obtained by adding C, I, G, and NX. Second, GDP is the sum of the value added by firms. The value added for a firm equals the value ...
... 41) GDP can be measured three ways. First, GDP represents the market value of the final goods and services produced in the economy during a given period. This would be obtained by adding C, I, G, and NX. Second, GDP is the sum of the value added by firms. The value added for a firm equals the value ...
Transportation and Development: Insights from the U.S., 1840-1860
... version of the finding of Fogel (1979) that the social savings from the railways are small and the second statement is a version of the result from international trade theory that the static gains from reductions in transportation costs – or tariffs – are small. The remainder of the paper is organiz ...
... version of the finding of Fogel (1979) that the social savings from the railways are small and the second statement is a version of the result from international trade theory that the static gains from reductions in transportation costs – or tariffs – are small. The remainder of the paper is organiz ...
The Changing Dynamics of the Global Business Cycle
... Expansions are identified using annual data and in per capita terms to allow for broad comparisons across countries and over time. Expansions based on quarterly data would likely be shorter for many countries. There are also notable differences in cyclical behavior within regions: for example, the U ...
... Expansions are identified using annual data and in per capita terms to allow for broad comparisons across countries and over time. Expansions based on quarterly data would likely be shorter for many countries. There are also notable differences in cyclical behavior within regions: for example, the U ...
... Corruption is regarded as an inherent problem for human civilization because of its adverse impact on the progress of mankind. Although its definition, dimension and consequences are continuously changing over time, corruption has spread deep root in the societies since the Stone Age. It is sometime ...
Shifting gear: why have neutral interest rates fallen?
... As noted, weaker productivity growth looks likely to be the main explanation for a fall in New Zealand’s neutral rates. In the past few years, productivity growth has fallen in New Zealand when compared to the two business cycles before the crisis. And this story is not unique to New Zealand (figure ...
... As noted, weaker productivity growth looks likely to be the main explanation for a fall in New Zealand’s neutral rates. In the past few years, productivity growth has fallen in New Zealand when compared to the two business cycles before the crisis. And this story is not unique to New Zealand (figure ...
pdf copy - Michail Fragkias
... 23.2 Proportional sources of funding for climate adaptation for local governments by size 25.1 Spatial planning framework for integrative urban climate change strategies 26.1 Per capita emissions for a variety of cities in industrialized countries 26.2 GHG emissions from seven high-income cit ...
... 23.2 Proportional sources of funding for climate adaptation for local governments by size 25.1 Spatial planning framework for integrative urban climate change strategies 26.1 Per capita emissions for a variety of cities in industrialized countries 26.2 GHG emissions from seven high-income cit ...
A-level Economics Mark Scheme Unit 02 - The
... examples of supply-side policies and their impact on growth, eg changes in the tax-benefit system and the effect on incentives, trade union reforms and labour market flexibility, cuts in corporation tax, increased spending on education and training, subsidising spending on capital goods and R&D the ...
... examples of supply-side policies and their impact on growth, eg changes in the tax-benefit system and the effect on incentives, trade union reforms and labour market flexibility, cuts in corporation tax, increased spending on education and training, subsidising spending on capital goods and R&D the ...
Evaluating the Classification of Economic Activity into Recessions and Expansions June 2010
... persistent behavior, but only in response to large initial exogenous shocks. But macroeconomic data suggest that there are periods in which a negative economic shock warrants no other action than waiting for the next positive shock to arrive, whereas other times that same shock is the precursor to a ...
... persistent behavior, but only in response to large initial exogenous shocks. But macroeconomic data suggest that there are periods in which a negative economic shock warrants no other action than waiting for the next positive shock to arrive, whereas other times that same shock is the precursor to a ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.