April 2017 World Economic Outlook, Chapter 1: Global
... and trade. World growth is expected to rise from 3.1 percent in 2016 to 3.5 percent in 2017 and 3.6 percent in 2018, slightly above the October 2016 World Economic Outlook (WEO) forecast. Stronger activity and expectations of more robust global demand, coupled with agreed restrictions on oil supply, ...
... and trade. World growth is expected to rise from 3.1 percent in 2016 to 3.5 percent in 2017 and 3.6 percent in 2018, slightly above the October 2016 World Economic Outlook (WEO) forecast. Stronger activity and expectations of more robust global demand, coupled with agreed restrictions on oil supply, ...
N 50
... decade. Small, self-financing family firms dominated the sector. It has been argued that the number of industrial establishments doubled between 1920 and 1930, an argument based on a comparison of the results of the two censuses which were conducted by the National Statistical Service in those two y ...
... decade. Small, self-financing family firms dominated the sector. It has been argued that the number of industrial establishments doubled between 1920 and 1930, an argument based on a comparison of the results of the two censuses which were conducted by the National Statistical Service in those two y ...
Industrial growth revisited
... decade. Small, self-financing family firms dominated the sector. It has been argued that the number of industrial establishments doubled between 1920 and 1930, an argument based on a comparison of the results of the two censuses which were conducted by the National Statistical Service in those two y ...
... decade. Small, self-financing family firms dominated the sector. It has been argued that the number of industrial establishments doubled between 1920 and 1930, an argument based on a comparison of the results of the two censuses which were conducted by the National Statistical Service in those two y ...
Saving Transitions - Faculty Support Site
... and that the long-run incremental capital-output ratio is around 5, virtually all of the gap in growth between these two groups of countries can be attributed to the difference in their saving performance. Such comparisons, however, tell us little about the underlying economics of high growth and th ...
... and that the long-run incremental capital-output ratio is around 5, virtually all of the gap in growth between these two groups of countries can be attributed to the difference in their saving performance. Such comparisons, however, tell us little about the underlying economics of high growth and th ...
Medium Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries
... very signi…cantly during this period, making the mechanisms emphasized by our model more relevant than before. Second, after 1990, FDI became the most signi…cant source of capital ‡ows from developed to developing economies, making our model’s assumptions about the nature of international capital ‡o ...
... very signi…cantly during this period, making the mechanisms emphasized by our model more relevant than before. Second, after 1990, FDI became the most signi…cant source of capital ‡ows from developed to developing economies, making our model’s assumptions about the nature of international capital ‡o ...
141topic3-as-ad-ch27-ppt
... SAS curve leftward. But it has no effect on long-run aggregate supply, since no change in relative prices. Along the same SAS, money wage rate is constant. Money wage rate is higher on the SAS to the left than on the SAS to the right, given a price level. Parkin: Macroeconomics. Adapted by Dr. Mo ...
... SAS curve leftward. But it has no effect on long-run aggregate supply, since no change in relative prices. Along the same SAS, money wage rate is constant. Money wage rate is higher on the SAS to the left than on the SAS to the right, given a price level. Parkin: Macroeconomics. Adapted by Dr. Mo ...
Productivity Growth and the New Economy
... Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).7 The BEA provides data on nominal output by industry (value added), Fisher indexes of real output and prices by industry, and hours of work. For this paper I have created Fisher indexes of output for different aggregates as well as estimates of labor productivity b ...
... Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).7 The BEA provides data on nominal output by industry (value added), Fisher indexes of real output and prices by industry, and hours of work. For this paper I have created Fisher indexes of output for different aggregates as well as estimates of labor productivity b ...
Defying Gravity: How Long Will Japanese Government Bond Prices
... financial crisis, so that the debt may not increase such rapidly in the future. On the other hand, there are other factors that may move Japan to the saturation point even faster. Other than JGBs, there are other public sector liabilities, such as the bonds issued by local governments and future li ...
... financial crisis, so that the debt may not increase such rapidly in the future. On the other hand, there are other factors that may move Japan to the saturation point even faster. Other than JGBs, there are other public sector liabilities, such as the bonds issued by local governments and future li ...
Government spending multipliers in contraction and expansion
... As the interest rate is at its zero-lower bound (ZLB), this makes monetary policy ineffective as the central bank loses its ability to lower interest rates further. In NK-DSGE, when nominal interest rates are stuck at zero, real interest rates rise, which then leads to a deflationary spiral. An incr ...
... As the interest rate is at its zero-lower bound (ZLB), this makes monetary policy ineffective as the central bank loses its ability to lower interest rates further. In NK-DSGE, when nominal interest rates are stuck at zero, real interest rates rise, which then leads to a deflationary spiral. An incr ...
economic growth and competitiveness of hungarian regions
... The international competitiveness of macroeconomies has been conceived of in different ways. From a regional point of view, one can classify these approaches into two groups. The first group includes conceptions focusing on ‘realized’ (or ex post) competitiveness, while the second includes approache ...
... The international competitiveness of macroeconomies has been conceived of in different ways. From a regional point of view, one can classify these approaches into two groups. The first group includes conceptions focusing on ‘realized’ (or ex post) competitiveness, while the second includes approache ...
The determinants of national innovative capacity
... reflecting more aggregate outcomes associated with the presence of these drivers. Our results suggest that the production function for international patents is well-characterized by a small number of observable factors that describe a country’s national innovative capacity. We distinguish between sc ...
... reflecting more aggregate outcomes associated with the presence of these drivers. Our results suggest that the production function for international patents is well-characterized by a small number of observable factors that describe a country’s national innovative capacity. We distinguish between sc ...
Chapter 3 A R :
... 3.16 Average rate of return on government’s investment (based on opening stock of investment) increased from an average of 2.35 per cent during the VIII Plan (1992-1997) to 13.29 per cent in 2004-05. This return is, however, based on book value of investment and not the net worth or market capitalis ...
... 3.16 Average rate of return on government’s investment (based on opening stock of investment) increased from an average of 2.35 per cent during the VIII Plan (1992-1997) to 13.29 per cent in 2004-05. This return is, however, based on book value of investment and not the net worth or market capitalis ...
The Role of Infrastructure in Pakistan's Economic Development: 1972- 1991 Looney, R.E.
... basic infrastructural facilities in potential_ development areas. Transport, for example. can be a limiting factor without which no development process could take off even if other development inducing factors were in play. Beyond this point. opinions on infrastructure's role in socioeconomic develo ...
... basic infrastructural facilities in potential_ development areas. Transport, for example. can be a limiting factor without which no development process could take off even if other development inducing factors were in play. Beyond this point. opinions on infrastructure's role in socioeconomic develo ...
EN EN 1. Introduction Due to general elections, which took place on
... worked, rather than head-count employment. The updated DBP's macroeconomic scenario assumes stronger, migration-driven increases in the labour force, and therefore a further increase in the unemployment rate over the forecast horizon, despite more optimistic employment projections. This projection ...
... worked, rather than head-count employment. The updated DBP's macroeconomic scenario assumes stronger, migration-driven increases in the labour force, and therefore a further increase in the unemployment rate over the forecast horizon, despite more optimistic employment projections. This projection ...
The conditional labor demand from Leontief production function can
... unemployment are still concerns despite dramatic output growth in Vietnam and elsewhere. The labor study by MOLISA and ILSSA (2009) tackled the issue of stagnant labor demand in Vietnam, and attributed slow labor demand growth largely to structural transformation. They raised the concern that develo ...
... unemployment are still concerns despite dramatic output growth in Vietnam and elsewhere. The labor study by MOLISA and ILSSA (2009) tackled the issue of stagnant labor demand in Vietnam, and attributed slow labor demand growth largely to structural transformation. They raised the concern that develo ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Xi Chen William D. Nordhaus
... satellite F14 is consistently dimmer than the earlier satellites. This will not pose a major difficulty in our statistical analysis below, but it does raise questions about the overall reliability of the lights data. The size of the errors indicates that luminosity is at best a noisy indicator. We t ...
... satellite F14 is consistently dimmer than the earlier satellites. This will not pose a major difficulty in our statistical analysis below, but it does raise questions about the overall reliability of the lights data. The size of the errors indicates that luminosity is at best a noisy indicator. We t ...
On the Receiving End? External Conditions and Emerging
... policymakers worry that this slowdown could be a sign of the lasting effects of the crisis—temporarily offset by policy stimulus—and the beginning of worse to come. Two polar views have been offered to explain emerging markets’ growth experience, with quite different implications for their future pr ...
... policymakers worry that this slowdown could be a sign of the lasting effects of the crisis—temporarily offset by policy stimulus—and the beginning of worse to come. Two polar views have been offered to explain emerging markets’ growth experience, with quite different implications for their future pr ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... (income) per unit of weighted factor input. Total factor price is obtained by dividing factor income by the sum of real labor and capital inputs, as shown in Table 25. Total factor price can be more specifically defined in terms of its components. The price of labor is the average compensation per m ...
... (income) per unit of weighted factor input. Total factor price is obtained by dividing factor income by the sum of real labor and capital inputs, as shown in Table 25. Total factor price can be more specifically defined in terms of its components. The price of labor is the average compensation per m ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.