Theme 4 A global perspective
... mothers. In Bosnia, the World Bank helps offer ‘microcredit’ loans, typically less than $1,000, to individuals who wish to start small businesses and otherwise would not have access to bank credit. WTO (up to 3 marks): the WTO is an international organisation established to promote free trade (1 mar ...
... mothers. In Bosnia, the World Bank helps offer ‘microcredit’ loans, typically less than $1,000, to individuals who wish to start small businesses and otherwise would not have access to bank credit. WTO (up to 3 marks): the WTO is an international organisation established to promote free trade (1 mar ...
The Least Developed Countries Report 2013
... are developing when that country shows improvements or progress in all these capacities occurs through three areas — when, in other words, its productive resources are expanding, it is closely related core economic acquiring technological and entrepreneurial capabilities and it is also creating prod ...
... are developing when that country shows improvements or progress in all these capacities occurs through three areas — when, in other words, its productive resources are expanding, it is closely related core economic acquiring technological and entrepreneurial capabilities and it is also creating prod ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GOVERNMENT PURCHASES OVER THE BUSINESS CYCLE:
... In a second step, we ask whether the described mechanism with the interacting normality property of government purchases and countercyclical political inequality can also generate mild procyclicality of government purchases in a fully dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that features quanti ...
... In a second step, we ask whether the described mechanism with the interacting normality property of government purchases and countercyclical political inequality can also generate mild procyclicality of government purchases in a fully dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that features quanti ...
Global Quality Competition, O¤shoring and Wage Inequality Giammario Impullitti (Cambridge University)
... before, an increase in the education premium increases the share of skilled workers and reduces their average ability, thus leading to higher residual inequality. In the quantitative analysis I use OECD STAN data on R&D investment in two and threedigit manufacturing industries to construct an empiri ...
... before, an increase in the education premium increases the share of skilled workers and reduces their average ability, thus leading to higher residual inequality. In the quantitative analysis I use OECD STAN data on R&D investment in two and threedigit manufacturing industries to construct an empiri ...
Chinese Political and Economic Governance System and the
... the lack of alternative investment instruments enable household savings deposited in banks to keep rising, leading to an increasing supply of capital. The interest rate regulations kept costs of loans at a low level. These factors pushed down costs of capital (Huang, 2010), and facilitated local gov ...
... the lack of alternative investment instruments enable household savings deposited in banks to keep rising, leading to an increasing supply of capital. The interest rate regulations kept costs of loans at a low level. These factors pushed down costs of capital (Huang, 2010), and facilitated local gov ...
Real GDP, Well-being, and Happiness
... living standards and opportunity to participate in economic life; freedom of association, and freedom from the harmful actions of others. Interestingly, current criticisms of real GDP per capita as a measure of well being have not focused on the substitution of it with one of the existing alternativ ...
... living standards and opportunity to participate in economic life; freedom of association, and freedom from the harmful actions of others. Interestingly, current criticisms of real GDP per capita as a measure of well being have not focused on the substitution of it with one of the existing alternativ ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... countries after correcting endogeneity problems that plague the estimation. The result shows that foreign aid promotes growth and good governance. The authors suggested that aid to Sub Saharan Africa is one way to achieve the UN‟s Millennium goals. Asiedu and Nandwa (2010) examined the effect of edu ...
... countries after correcting endogeneity problems that plague the estimation. The result shows that foreign aid promotes growth and good governance. The authors suggested that aid to Sub Saharan Africa is one way to achieve the UN‟s Millennium goals. Asiedu and Nandwa (2010) examined the effect of edu ...
Document
... Over the years, real GDP in the U.S. has grown at about 3 percent per year; however, there has been a great deal of fluctuation around this trend. These recurring fluctuations in the level of economic activity are known as business cycles. The various phases of a cycle include the expansion and cont ...
... Over the years, real GDP in the U.S. has grown at about 3 percent per year; however, there has been a great deal of fluctuation around this trend. These recurring fluctuations in the level of economic activity are known as business cycles. The various phases of a cycle include the expansion and cont ...
The Uses and Limitations of Real GDP
... 1. The real GDP of one country must be converted into the same currency units as the real GDP of the other country. 2. The goods and services in both countries must be valued at the same prices. ...
... 1. The real GDP of one country must be converted into the same currency units as the real GDP of the other country. 2. The goods and services in both countries must be valued at the same prices. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DISTANCE TO FRONTIER, SELECTION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
... At the heart of our analysis is the trade-off between investment-based and innovationbased strategies, which is founded on three ingredients: (1) Experienced managers and incumbent firms can undertake larger investments, and everything else equal, achieve greater technological improvements and produ ...
... At the heart of our analysis is the trade-off between investment-based and innovationbased strategies, which is founded on three ingredients: (1) Experienced managers and incumbent firms can undertake larger investments, and everything else equal, achieve greater technological improvements and produ ...
The Uses and Limitations of Real GDP
... 1. The real GDP of one country must be converted into the same currency units as the real GDP of the other country. 2. The goods and services in both countries must be valued at the same prices. ...
... 1. The real GDP of one country must be converted into the same currency units as the real GDP of the other country. 2. The goods and services in both countries must be valued at the same prices. ...
1. Global Depth and the Big Shift
... a slower narrowing of the gap between rich and poor countries is more likely than a quick convergence. Emerging economies, for the purposes of the analysis presented above and throughout the rest of this report refer to those countries designated by the IMF as emerging or developing in 2013. The IMF ...
... a slower narrowing of the gap between rich and poor countries is more likely than a quick convergence. Emerging economies, for the purposes of the analysis presented above and throughout the rest of this report refer to those countries designated by the IMF as emerging or developing in 2013. The IMF ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TRENDS IN HOURS, BALANCED GROWTH,
... imposing such a requirement facilitates calibration of the model on the basis of information unrelated to the business cycle phenomena that the model seeks to explain. Prominent among those stylized facts is the observation that many key ...
... imposing such a requirement facilitates calibration of the model on the basis of information unrelated to the business cycle phenomena that the model seeks to explain. Prominent among those stylized facts is the observation that many key ...
PDF
... Sociological and cultural factors such as customs, family pressures and traditional values of tributes to leaders constitute potential sources of corruption which has found acceptance in the social psyche and behaviour (Brownsberger 1983). As a result, most Lebanese regardless of their religion, soc ...
... Sociological and cultural factors such as customs, family pressures and traditional values of tributes to leaders constitute potential sources of corruption which has found acceptance in the social psyche and behaviour (Brownsberger 1983). As a result, most Lebanese regardless of their religion, soc ...
Analysis of revisions to quarterly GDP – a real-time database Cath Sleeman
... decisions. The measures of GDP, published by Statistics New Zealand (SNZ), are estimates rather than exact figures and may be revised in subsequent releases. Analysis of the most recent measures of GDP should incorporate the extent of uncertainty that surrounds these estimates. To enable a more detai ...
... decisions. The measures of GDP, published by Statistics New Zealand (SNZ), are estimates rather than exact figures and may be revised in subsequent releases. Analysis of the most recent measures of GDP should incorporate the extent of uncertainty that surrounds these estimates. To enable a more detai ...
... devaluation into import prices and then into wages. There is an entire separate literature on import price "pass-through" which appears (to this outsider) to be less than perfectly integrated with the conventional distinction between the short-run and long-run validity of PPP. The important survey b ...
Deliverable D1 - Institute for Transport Studies
... has been systematically decreasing since at least the mid-1970s. Within the energy sector, though, the experience of individual sub-sectors has been more varied. Though significant differences exist between the transport and energy sectors, there may be some lessons that can be drawn from experience ...
... has been systematically decreasing since at least the mid-1970s. Within the energy sector, though, the experience of individual sub-sectors has been more varied. Though significant differences exist between the transport and energy sectors, there may be some lessons that can be drawn from experience ...
x. prospects for the medium term 2004-2007
... The following table sets forth selected social indicators for Grenada. Grenada: Selected Social Development Indicators Human development rank1 ...
... The following table sets forth selected social indicators for Grenada. Grenada: Selected Social Development Indicators Human development rank1 ...
At the Intersection - Canadian Construction Association
... place, this infrastructure is aging, our population and cities are growing and the global economy is becoming more competitive. To respond to these challenges, Canada must maintain, renew and replace its existing infrastructure while also building new infrastructure. If we don’t, our economy, abilit ...
... place, this infrastructure is aging, our population and cities are growing and the global economy is becoming more competitive. To respond to these challenges, Canada must maintain, renew and replace its existing infrastructure while also building new infrastructure. If we don’t, our economy, abilit ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.