CORRUPTION
... growth, one of the first studies about corruption (Leff, 1964) argued that corruption may “grease the wheels” of public activities, making individuals to avoid bureaucratic delay, especially in countries where bureaucratic regulations are cumbersome, and government employees to work harder if they r ...
... growth, one of the first studies about corruption (Leff, 1964) argued that corruption may “grease the wheels” of public activities, making individuals to avoid bureaucratic delay, especially in countries where bureaucratic regulations are cumbersome, and government employees to work harder if they r ...
An Economic and Fiscal Comparison of Alberta and Other North
... the fourth highest average surplus (per capita) over the 2000-2011 period to having the second largest average per capita deficit. Specifically, Alberta goes from an average per person surplus of $763 when resource revenues are included to an average per person deficit of $1,626 when resource revenu ...
... the fourth highest average surplus (per capita) over the 2000-2011 period to having the second largest average per capita deficit. Specifically, Alberta goes from an average per person surplus of $763 when resource revenues are included to an average per person deficit of $1,626 when resource revenu ...
Norwegian business cycles 1982–2003
... seasonal and irregular components of each original series, which obscure the cyclical ‡uctuations of primary interest. An alternative technique popular in the business cycle literature is Baxter and King’s (1999) bandpass …lter. This …lter was applied by Stock and Watson (1998) on US data and Agres ...
... seasonal and irregular components of each original series, which obscure the cyclical ‡uctuations of primary interest. An alternative technique popular in the business cycle literature is Baxter and King’s (1999) bandpass …lter. This …lter was applied by Stock and Watson (1998) on US data and Agres ...
C Forecast of macroeconomic indicators
... may differ from actual claims to public financing. E.g. an increase in CEB capital will take the assumed CZK 2bn but in ESA 95 it is a financial operation having no impact on the balance, because one financial asset (financial means – decline) is just exchanged for another (the state’s stock in CEB ...
... may differ from actual claims to public financing. E.g. an increase in CEB capital will take the assumed CZK 2bn but in ESA 95 it is a financial operation having no impact on the balance, because one financial asset (financial means – decline) is just exchanged for another (the state’s stock in CEB ...
Research Report on Regional Gross Domestic Product
... paper containing regional GDP sources and methods will be released in early 2007. The internationally preferred approach for regional GDP compilation is to directly measure the local activity of enterprises, and build up regional accounts from this information. The enterprise-level compilation appro ...
... paper containing regional GDP sources and methods will be released in early 2007. The internationally preferred approach for regional GDP compilation is to directly measure the local activity of enterprises, and build up regional accounts from this information. The enterprise-level compilation appro ...
Real Vs. Nominal GDP, Per Capita GDP, & the shortcoming of GDP
... Comparing output over • Real GDP is the value of the final goods and time is best done services produced with real output calculated using the which is nominal prices of some base output adjusted for year inflation ...
... Comparing output over • Real GDP is the value of the final goods and time is best done services produced with real output calculated using the which is nominal prices of some base output adjusted for year inflation ...
mihaela paun
... organizations (OECD, European Commission) include production function based methods that require previous estimation of NAIRU and/or NAWRU. In our previous works Andrei et al (2009) and Andrei, Paun (2011), we used NAWRU indicator to approximate potential labor. However, during the economic crisis, ...
... organizations (OECD, European Commission) include production function based methods that require previous estimation of NAIRU and/or NAWRU. In our previous works Andrei et al (2009) and Andrei, Paun (2011), we used NAWRU indicator to approximate potential labor. However, during the economic crisis, ...
20.3 nominal gdp versus real gdp
... Measures GDP by using data on consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases, and net exports. ...
... Measures GDP by using data on consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases, and net exports. ...
13.3 nominal gdp versus real gdp
... Measures GDP by using data on consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases, and net exports. ...
... Measures GDP by using data on consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases, and net exports. ...
Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest Redux
... relationship, the IS curve, would have predicted a much faster return of the output gap to zero if the estimate of r* had remained at its pre-recession value near 2 percent. With the federal funds rate close to zero from early 2009 on, and core inflation averaging around 1-1/2 percent, the implied r ...
... relationship, the IS curve, would have predicted a much faster return of the output gap to zero if the estimate of r* had remained at its pre-recession value near 2 percent. With the federal funds rate close to zero from early 2009 on, and core inflation averaging around 1-1/2 percent, the implied r ...
A Forecast assumptions
... in the second quarter. For the coming period, a scenario of recovery and with an increasing trend was chosen. So far, lower demand has been compensated by supply restrictions due either to cuts in OPEC’s production quotas or to economic reasons among producers with higher extraction costs. An influe ...
... in the second quarter. For the coming period, a scenario of recovery and with an increasing trend was chosen. So far, lower demand has been compensated by supply restrictions due either to cuts in OPEC’s production quotas or to economic reasons among producers with higher extraction costs. An influe ...
New Portada
... The associated world steady-state rate of 0.7%/year is consistent with Breton’s [2013b] estimate of 1.0 %/year during 1910-2000. The TFP growth rate is negative with PWT 8.0 data, and the associated steady state growth rate is an unlikely -3.5% per year. The explained variation in Y/L is lower with ...
... The associated world steady-state rate of 0.7%/year is consistent with Breton’s [2013b] estimate of 1.0 %/year during 1910-2000. The TFP growth rate is negative with PWT 8.0 data, and the associated steady state growth rate is an unlikely -3.5% per year. The explained variation in Y/L is lower with ...
Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O`Brien, 2e.
... calculate unsold output (inventory accumulation) as part of this year’s GDP (add it). B. If businesses are able to sell more than they currently produce, changes in inventory will be a negative number. when inventory decreases, output produced will be less than what is purchased. Since this inventor ...
... calculate unsold output (inventory accumulation) as part of this year’s GDP (add it). B. If businesses are able to sell more than they currently produce, changes in inventory will be a negative number. when inventory decreases, output produced will be less than what is purchased. Since this inventor ...
LCcarL173_en.pdf
... The highest external gap was that of Anguilla, which in 2007 recorded a current account deficit of 91.7% of GDP. In the other ECCU countries the current account deficits ranged from 20.4% of GDP in Montserrat to 36.6% in Grenada. On the other hand, the non-ECCU countries that posted the highest curr ...
... The highest external gap was that of Anguilla, which in 2007 recorded a current account deficit of 91.7% of GDP. In the other ECCU countries the current account deficits ranged from 20.4% of GDP in Montserrat to 36.6% in Grenada. On the other hand, the non-ECCU countries that posted the highest curr ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.