An analysis of Okun`s law for the Spanish provinces
... are analysed, some authors obtain that variations in the business cycle do not always explain the changes in the unemployment rate. Binet and Facchini (2013) applied the relationship to the twenty-two French regions and obtained that it is significant for only fourteen of them. They conclude that th ...
... are analysed, some authors obtain that variations in the business cycle do not always explain the changes in the unemployment rate. Binet and Facchini (2013) applied the relationship to the twenty-two French regions and obtained that it is significant for only fourteen of them. They conclude that th ...
Chapter 15 Inflation A Monetary Phenomenon
... elect to cover the appendix (Money Creation and Monetary Policy), another session or two will be required. In defining inflation, it is important that students understand that inflation is a continuing, or long-run, phenomenon. Once-and-for-all increases in the price level are excluded because no po ...
... elect to cover the appendix (Money Creation and Monetary Policy), another session or two will be required. In defining inflation, it is important that students understand that inflation is a continuing, or long-run, phenomenon. Once-and-for-all increases in the price level are excluded because no po ...
Note: Figures in some tables may not add up to the total published
... This issue of Economic and Social Indicators on Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) presents quarterly estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the first quarter of 2012 to the fourth quarter of 2015. Estimates have been worked out using both the production and the expenditure approach, based on ...
... This issue of Economic and Social Indicators on Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) presents quarterly estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the first quarter of 2012 to the fourth quarter of 2015. Estimates have been worked out using both the production and the expenditure approach, based on ...
Income Inequality and its Contributing Factors in Transition Economies
... What are the outcomes of economic transition from a centrally planned system to a market economy? This question has been the subject of considerable research and debate since the transition started in the early 1990s. This section gives an overview that provides both the framework and the foundation ...
... What are the outcomes of economic transition from a centrally planned system to a market economy? This question has been the subject of considerable research and debate since the transition started in the early 1990s. This section gives an overview that provides both the framework and the foundation ...
Aggregate Supply-Driven Deflation and Its Implications for Macroeconomic Stability David Beckworth
... important channels through which deflation can adversely affect an economy. First, given relatively rigid nominal input prices, particularly wages, an unexpected fall in the price level originating from a collapse in aggregate demand will increase real input prices and lower firms’ profit margins. A ...
... important channels through which deflation can adversely affect an economy. First, given relatively rigid nominal input prices, particularly wages, an unexpected fall in the price level originating from a collapse in aggregate demand will increase real input prices and lower firms’ profit margins. A ...
Expenditure Multipliers: The Keynesian Model
... It is calculated as the change in consumption expenditure, C, divided by the change in disposable income, YD, that brought it about. That is, MPC = C ÷ YD ...
... It is calculated as the change in consumption expenditure, C, divided by the change in disposable income, YD, that brought it about. That is, MPC = C ÷ YD ...
Macro Risks and the Term Structure
... savings equation defining demand shocks and an aggregate supply equation defining supply shocks, but their framework implies Gaussian and homoscedastic distributions for interest rates, which is at variance with standard data. Instead, we introduce a tractable framework in which the macro shocks fo ...
... savings equation defining demand shocks and an aggregate supply equation defining supply shocks, but their framework implies Gaussian and homoscedastic distributions for interest rates, which is at variance with standard data. Instead, we introduce a tractable framework in which the macro shocks fo ...
Changing Income Inequality in the Second Half of the 20th Century
... From the mentioned Deininger and Squire data set we can also add information for a few developing countries. For India we observe a decrease of inequality since the early 1950s until about 1970 and an increase after 1970. Sri Lanka’s situation is quite similar: decrease from 1953 to 1973 and increas ...
... From the mentioned Deininger and Squire data set we can also add information for a few developing countries. For India we observe a decrease of inequality since the early 1950s until about 1970 and an increase after 1970. Sri Lanka’s situation is quite similar: decrease from 1953 to 1973 and increas ...
Fair Weather or Foul? The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño∗
... in several dimensions, including a novel multi-country methodology. Our modelling framework accounts for the e¤ects of common factors (whether observed or unobserved), and ensures that the El Niño-economy relationship is identi…ed from idiosyncratic local characteristics (using both time-series and ...
... in several dimensions, including a novel multi-country methodology. Our modelling framework accounts for the e¤ects of common factors (whether observed or unobserved), and ensures that the El Niño-economy relationship is identi…ed from idiosyncratic local characteristics (using both time-series and ...
urban world: meeting the demographic challenge
... challenge to their growth. How they respond to the pressures will be critical for the health of the global economy in the years ahead. Our findings include: Population growth has been the crucial driver of cities’ growth. In a sample of 943 global cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants in thei ...
... challenge to their growth. How they respond to the pressures will be critical for the health of the global economy in the years ahead. Our findings include: Population growth has been the crucial driver of cities’ growth. In a sample of 943 global cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants in thei ...
urban world: meeting the demographic challenge
... challenge to their growth. How they respond to the pressures will be critical for the health of the global economy in the years ahead. Our findings include: Population growth has been the crucial driver of cities’ growth. In a sample of 943 global cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants in thei ...
... challenge to their growth. How they respond to the pressures will be critical for the health of the global economy in the years ahead. Our findings include: Population growth has been the crucial driver of cities’ growth. In a sample of 943 global cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants in thei ...
Real Stock Returns, Volatility and Real Economic Activity: Evidence From Nigeria:
... future cash flows and discount rates, provides important information about future economic activity. Campbell et al. (2001), citing work by Lilien (1982), reason that stock market volatility is related to structural change in the economy. Structural change consumes resources, which depresses gross d ...
... future cash flows and discount rates, provides important information about future economic activity. Campbell et al. (2001), citing work by Lilien (1982), reason that stock market volatility is related to structural change in the economy. Structural change consumes resources, which depresses gross d ...
GROWTH AND INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: IS THERE
... society. The Keynesian view also stresses other important means through which inflationary finance could stimulate saving and investment, such as lower real interest rates and a rise in the nominal rate of return on investment. According to a structuralist view of inflation, the argument is held tha ...
... society. The Keynesian view also stresses other important means through which inflationary finance could stimulate saving and investment, such as lower real interest rates and a rise in the nominal rate of return on investment. According to a structuralist view of inflation, the argument is held tha ...
research paper series Research Paper 2006/33
... because of the massive exports of cheap manufacturing goods from China and India to help mitigate inflation pressure in the USA, Japan and Europe. For whatever reason, as along as the industrial economies feel the challenge or threat from the newly industrialising countries such as China or India, i ...
... because of the massive exports of cheap manufacturing goods from China and India to help mitigate inflation pressure in the USA, Japan and Europe. For whatever reason, as along as the industrial economies feel the challenge or threat from the newly industrialising countries such as China or India, i ...
Fluctuations in Emerging Economies: Regional and Global Factors
... Given the literature’s focus on Latin American economies, many stylised facts derived from that region are believed to be common to all EMEs, or have been extended to other developing nations, a rather strong hypothesis. This paper argues there are significant differences in stylised facts between e ...
... Given the literature’s focus on Latin American economies, many stylised facts derived from that region are believed to be common to all EMEs, or have been extended to other developing nations, a rather strong hypothesis. This paper argues there are significant differences in stylised facts between e ...
Comment on “Identifying the Interdependence between US
... (iii) Finally, their results imply significant and negative effects of institutional pluralism and union militancy yield on privatisation proceeds. Interestingly, partisan differences only emerge if economic problems appear to be moderate, whereas pressing economic, in particular fiscal problems see ...
... (iii) Finally, their results imply significant and negative effects of institutional pluralism and union militancy yield on privatisation proceeds. Interestingly, partisan differences only emerge if economic problems appear to be moderate, whereas pressing economic, in particular fiscal problems see ...
Patrick Royal The Economic Effects of Military and Non
... Closely related to growth is the unemployment rate. Unlike GDP, the unemployment rate doesn’t have a definite long-run trend, but it can be considered a measure of how efficiently the economy is employing its human capital. There are two additional important components to the unemployment rate: stru ...
... Closely related to growth is the unemployment rate. Unlike GDP, the unemployment rate doesn’t have a definite long-run trend, but it can be considered a measure of how efficiently the economy is employing its human capital. There are two additional important components to the unemployment rate: stru ...
Global Retail Expansion: Keeps On Moving
... French apparel retailer Façonnable. International restaurant chains are also benefiting from the favorable conditions. U.S.-based Dunkin’ Donuts plans to grow significantly in Chile over the next five years as part of its international growth strategy. Uruguay: coming into its own. While historicall ...
... French apparel retailer Façonnable. International restaurant chains are also benefiting from the favorable conditions. U.S.-based Dunkin’ Donuts plans to grow significantly in Chile over the next five years as part of its international growth strategy. Uruguay: coming into its own. While historicall ...
Paper 2 (sorted by syllabus section)
... In many developed countries the price of house has risen steadily over the recent years, while more and more people have been buying houses. Use supply and demand analysis to explain why this has happened. [M 95, 1] ...
... In many developed countries the price of house has risen steadily over the recent years, while more and more people have been buying houses. Use supply and demand analysis to explain why this has happened. [M 95, 1] ...
The Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth
... fixed effects and system generalised method of moments. Like their colleagues at the IMF, Pattillo et al. (2002), Clements et al. adjust their sample into 3 year averages to net out any short-term fluctuations and also try four different definitions of debt burden (nominal debt over exports and gros ...
... fixed effects and system generalised method of moments. Like their colleagues at the IMF, Pattillo et al. (2002), Clements et al. adjust their sample into 3 year averages to net out any short-term fluctuations and also try four different definitions of debt burden (nominal debt over exports and gros ...
Mozambique Country Report
... more than it exports especially in many agricultural sub-sectors. This includes rice with Mozambique being the third largest consumer of rice in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Poultry consumption, particularly chicken, is estimated to double in the next 5-7 years. With a preferen ...
... more than it exports especially in many agricultural sub-sectors. This includes rice with Mozambique being the third largest consumer of rice in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Poultry consumption, particularly chicken, is estimated to double in the next 5-7 years. With a preferen ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.