Income Dispersion and Counter-Cyclical Markups
... the performance of the model by making aggregates too correlated with GDP. A number of other mechanisms can generate counter-cyclical markups. One possibility is that there are simply sticky prices and pro-cyclical marginal costs. Therefore, the difference between price and cost, the markup, is cou ...
... the performance of the model by making aggregates too correlated with GDP. A number of other mechanisms can generate counter-cyclical markups. One possibility is that there are simply sticky prices and pro-cyclical marginal costs. Therefore, the difference between price and cost, the markup, is cou ...
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... during 1970-2000.De Mello (1997) point out that FDI had significantly positive effect on economic growth for the countries with high income. In a study investigating 140 countries , Ghatak and Halicioglu found that FDI has a positive impact on real per-capita GDP(Ghatak and Halicioglu,2006).Furtherm ...
... during 1970-2000.De Mello (1997) point out that FDI had significantly positive effect on economic growth for the countries with high income. In a study investigating 140 countries , Ghatak and Halicioglu found that FDI has a positive impact on real per-capita GDP(Ghatak and Halicioglu,2006).Furtherm ...
TRYM - Treasury archive
... example, the household sector in TRYM makes five decisions relating to consumption or saving, rental against non-rental consumption, dwelling investment, labour supply and wages demands. Aggregative consumer behaviour may be affected by underlying changes in the demographic composition of the popula ...
... example, the household sector in TRYM makes five decisions relating to consumption or saving, rental against non-rental consumption, dwelling investment, labour supply and wages demands. Aggregative consumer behaviour may be affected by underlying changes in the demographic composition of the popula ...
Global Export Forecast - Spring 2016
... Why is it not more obvious? GDP numbers don’t reflect this story for two key reasons. First, the energy sector, where shale oil and gas plays had attracted billions in investment in recent years, is collapsing. Low world prices have more than decimated the sector, which needs much higher prices to b ...
... Why is it not more obvious? GDP numbers don’t reflect this story for two key reasons. First, the energy sector, where shale oil and gas plays had attracted billions in investment in recent years, is collapsing. Low world prices have more than decimated the sector, which needs much higher prices to b ...
PEI Economic Update 2016
... market economies ~xpanding by 4.2 per cent. The transitioning global economy with lower oil and commodity prices, a slowdown and re-orientation of the Chinese economy, a worldwide decline in the terms of trade, and the continued fallout from the UK referendum on leaving the European Union - both eco ...
... market economies ~xpanding by 4.2 per cent. The transitioning global economy with lower oil and commodity prices, a slowdown and re-orientation of the Chinese economy, a worldwide decline in the terms of trade, and the continued fallout from the UK referendum on leaving the European Union - both eco ...
Shifting to a Green Economy - Stockholm Environment Institute
... benefits of action on climate today, and the costliness of delay (IPCC 2014a). While welcome, this is by no means a new idea. As Ha-Duong et al. (1997) pointed out nearly two decades ago in a letter to Nature, a low-carbon future is cheaper and easier to achieve in the long run if new capital is des ...
... benefits of action on climate today, and the costliness of delay (IPCC 2014a). While welcome, this is by no means a new idea. As Ha-Duong et al. (1997) pointed out nearly two decades ago in a letter to Nature, a low-carbon future is cheaper and easier to achieve in the long run if new capital is des ...
Is the Phillips curve still dead?
... offer a little above the prevailing rates to attract the most suitable labour from other firms and industries” (1958: 283). He continues by arguing that “a second factor influencing the rate of change of money wage rates might be the rate of change of the demand for labour, and so of unemployment” ( ...
... offer a little above the prevailing rates to attract the most suitable labour from other firms and industries” (1958: 283). He continues by arguing that “a second factor influencing the rate of change of money wage rates might be the rate of change of the demand for labour, and so of unemployment” ( ...
Suggestions for Study by Aldrie Henry Lee
... It is difficult for small economies to achieve stable and robust economic growth in isolation from global markets for capital, technology, and knowledge. Conversely, liberalization policies impose punitive political costs if they fail to deliver economic growth. Sustainable human development, meanwh ...
... It is difficult for small economies to achieve stable and robust economic growth in isolation from global markets for capital, technology, and knowledge. Conversely, liberalization policies impose punitive political costs if they fail to deliver economic growth. Sustainable human development, meanwh ...
Fiscal Policy Statement
... This component has to be increased to the level of two-thirds, i.e. around 67 per cent in order to eliminate the effective revenue deficit as mandated by the amended FRBM Act. In effect, this implies structural change in design of plan schemes such that resources transferred from the Union governmen ...
... This component has to be increased to the level of two-thirds, i.e. around 67 per cent in order to eliminate the effective revenue deficit as mandated by the amended FRBM Act. In effect, this implies structural change in design of plan schemes such that resources transferred from the Union governmen ...
WP/16/3 A Descriptive Study The Concept of Gross Domestic
... according to economic activity, second, according to regulatory sector. Income Approach also includes two methods, demonstrating its items; first: total income of the factors of production by activity, second, by the structure of GDP cost. Expenditure Approach includes one method, which is spending ...
... according to economic activity, second, according to regulatory sector. Income Approach also includes two methods, demonstrating its items; first: total income of the factors of production by activity, second, by the structure of GDP cost. Expenditure Approach includes one method, which is spending ...
A R : E
... years since 1976-77. Total expenditure of the Union Government (net of the States’ share in taxes) increased nearly six times in the last sixteen years, recording an average annual trend growth of 13.10 per cent. Capital expenditure, however, grew at a lower rate of only 7.13 per cent during this pe ...
... years since 1976-77. Total expenditure of the Union Government (net of the States’ share in taxes) increased nearly six times in the last sixteen years, recording an average annual trend growth of 13.10 per cent. Capital expenditure, however, grew at a lower rate of only 7.13 per cent during this pe ...
SUSTAINING RECOVERY AND DYNAMISM FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT 2010
... Perhaps the most disturbing aspect of the global imbalances is the anomaly of capital flowing from Asia-Pacific developing countries to finance consumption and investment in rich countries such as the United States. This has happened largely because Asia and the Pacific lacks a well developed regio ...
... Perhaps the most disturbing aspect of the global imbalances is the anomaly of capital flowing from Asia-Pacific developing countries to finance consumption and investment in rich countries such as the United States. This has happened largely because Asia and the Pacific lacks a well developed regio ...
The Benefits of ITA Expansion for Developing Countries
... ICT use, and that this held true for both manufacturing and services firms and for different types of innovation. 19 Likewise, in the European Union, 32 percent of companies report being “active innovators,” with ICT enabling half of those firms’ product innovations and 75 percent of their process i ...
... ICT use, and that this held true for both manufacturing and services firms and for different types of innovation. 19 Likewise, in the European Union, 32 percent of companies report being “active innovators,” with ICT enabling half of those firms’ product innovations and 75 percent of their process i ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY
... innovate. Since …rms in the small domestic economy are price-takers, they take the foreign price of the good at any date t, Pt , as given. Assuming purchasing power parity (PPP), converted back in units of the domestic currency, the value of one unit of sold output at date t is equal ...
... innovate. Since …rms in the small domestic economy are price-takers, they take the foreign price of the good at any date t, Pt , as given. Assuming purchasing power parity (PPP), converted back in units of the domestic currency, the value of one unit of sold output at date t is equal ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL INNOVATION AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH Stelios Michalopoulos Luc Laeven
... analyses indicate that regulations or policies that restrict or raise the costs of financial innovation can slow technological innovation and long-run economic growth. For example, several studies indicate that the relaxation of regulatory restrictions on competition among U.S. banks in the 1970s an ...
... analyses indicate that regulations or policies that restrict or raise the costs of financial innovation can slow technological innovation and long-run economic growth. For example, several studies indicate that the relaxation of regulatory restrictions on competition among U.S. banks in the 1970s an ...
Document
... elect to cover the appendix (Money Creation and Monetary Policy), another session or two will be required. In defining inflation, it is important that students understand that inflation is a continuing, or long-run, phenomenon. Once-and-for-all increases in the price level are excluded because no po ...
... elect to cover the appendix (Money Creation and Monetary Policy), another session or two will be required. In defining inflation, it is important that students understand that inflation is a continuing, or long-run, phenomenon. Once-and-for-all increases in the price level are excluded because no po ...
Growing like Spain: 1995-2007
... average in the early 2000s. However, a standard growth accounting exercise shows that the boom was driven by factor accumulation (labor and capital) rather than by increases in productivity. Panel (a) in Figure 1 clearly illustrates this pattern.5 The labor contribution to output (total hours worked ...
... average in the early 2000s. However, a standard growth accounting exercise shows that the boom was driven by factor accumulation (labor and capital) rather than by increases in productivity. Panel (a) in Figure 1 clearly illustrates this pattern.5 The labor contribution to output (total hours worked ...
New Structural Economics
... income one-fifth of the United States, reached 63 percent of U.S. income by 1970 and became the world’s second-largest economy. Japan’s rise was the result of an impressive annual growth performance of 9.6 percent during the 1950s and 1960s, driven by the transformation from an agrarian to an indust ...
... income one-fifth of the United States, reached 63 percent of U.S. income by 1970 and became the world’s second-largest economy. Japan’s rise was the result of an impressive annual growth performance of 9.6 percent during the 1950s and 1960s, driven by the transformation from an agrarian to an indust ...
Business Cycles, Unemployment and Entrepreneurial Entry
... further disentangle periods of relatively low and relatively high unemployment, we find an asymmetric relationship that points to a “low unemployment retain effect.” This means that the relationship between unemployment and the level of new business formation is only statistically significant when u ...
... further disentangle periods of relatively low and relatively high unemployment, we find an asymmetric relationship that points to a “low unemployment retain effect.” This means that the relationship between unemployment and the level of new business formation is only statistically significant when u ...
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Asia Master - charts.xls[KR]
... again briefly (June-October 2007) before falling back. In effect, the US has been in an eight-year bear market since August 2000 – a lot like Japan, which recorded a similar five-fold surge in the 1979-89 period followed by a decade-long bear market until the end of 1999. The key difference between ...
... again briefly (June-October 2007) before falling back. In effect, the US has been in an eight-year bear market since August 2000 – a lot like Japan, which recorded a similar five-fold surge in the 1979-89 period followed by a decade-long bear market until the end of 1999. The key difference between ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.