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... characterised by depopulation, poor equipping in terms of infrastructure and facilities, as well as by a modest, insufficiently developed economic structure, with poor sources of diversification. In fact, extra agricultural income is not generated in the rural area while still 45% of active rural po ...
... characterised by depopulation, poor equipping in terms of infrastructure and facilities, as well as by a modest, insufficiently developed economic structure, with poor sources of diversification. In fact, extra agricultural income is not generated in the rural area while still 45% of active rural po ...
QA F582 National Economy
... households eg pensioners and a young family? Given different consumption patterns, can one set of weightings be representative of all economic agents. Do pensioners and young families place equal weight on nappies? New or improved products and may not be captured in the current index It is per ...
... households eg pensioners and a young family? Given different consumption patterns, can one set of weightings be representative of all economic agents. Do pensioners and young families place equal weight on nappies? New or improved products and may not be captured in the current index It is per ...
The Business Cycle, International Linkages, and Exchange
... econometric research has generally failed to establish a firm relationship between the exchange rate and the business cycle and other fundamental economic influences. One explanation for this failure is that exchange rates depend on expectations, which are difficult to explain or model. Another is t ...
... econometric research has generally failed to establish a firm relationship between the exchange rate and the business cycle and other fundamental economic influences. One explanation for this failure is that exchange rates depend on expectations, which are difficult to explain or model. Another is t ...
OPTIMAL PUBLIC INVESTMENT, GROWTH, AND CONSUMPTION: EVIDENCE FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES
... speci…cation issues as well as due to di¤erences in samples. Recent estimates of the elasticity of output with respect to public capital range from zero to a value that is higher than the output elasticity of private capital, for instance.2 Fedderke and Bogetic (2009) presented …ve reasons for the c ...
... speci…cation issues as well as due to di¤erences in samples. Recent estimates of the elasticity of output with respect to public capital range from zero to a value that is higher than the output elasticity of private capital, for instance.2 Fedderke and Bogetic (2009) presented …ve reasons for the c ...
1. Rationale
... financial transfers and aid from the national budget. The situation should improve over time, at least for the wealthier municipalities, as the process of fiscal decentralization continues towards successful take over of devolved competencies. The main driver in this process has been the Law on Fin ...
... financial transfers and aid from the national budget. The situation should improve over time, at least for the wealthier municipalities, as the process of fiscal decentralization continues towards successful take over of devolved competencies. The main driver in this process has been the Law on Fin ...
Working Papers The Mexican Oil Boom - Inter
... Throughout the twentieth century petroleum has played a prominent, and occasionally a decisive role in Mexico's political and economic development, and the 1970s and early 1980s were no exception. Mexico was profoundly shaken by the oil-market disturbances that rocked the world economy during that p ...
... Throughout the twentieth century petroleum has played a prominent, and occasionally a decisive role in Mexico's political and economic development, and the 1970s and early 1980s were no exception. Mexico was profoundly shaken by the oil-market disturbances that rocked the world economy during that p ...
into sixth form study task - Gumley House Convent School
... improving those aspects of the domestic economy, such as productivity performance, which will serve to improve the external performance of the economy, as reflected in the balance of payments on current account. There should be an understanding of the possibility of conflict arising, at least in the ...
... improving those aspects of the domestic economy, such as productivity performance, which will serve to improve the external performance of the economy, as reflected in the balance of payments on current account. There should be an understanding of the possibility of conflict arising, at least in the ...
S R G C
... world, readers should bear in mind that most of the world’s population lives outside the rich countries. High-income OECD economies account for three-quarters of the world’s output, but they contain just 15 percent of the world’s population. The developing world faces a very different demographic fu ...
... world, readers should bear in mind that most of the world’s population lives outside the rich countries. High-income OECD economies account for three-quarters of the world’s output, but they contain just 15 percent of the world’s population. The developing world faces a very different demographic fu ...
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
... more highly populated areas, increased land and resource pressure results in low productivity, food insecurity, underemployment and environmental degradation. Nevertheless, these are the areas that carry the bulk of food production and mining operations. The technological development of agriculture ...
... more highly populated areas, increased land and resource pressure results in low productivity, food insecurity, underemployment and environmental degradation. Nevertheless, these are the areas that carry the bulk of food production and mining operations. The technological development of agriculture ...
1992-1
... by Lundahl (1982). We assume that all unskilled labour is black labour, and all skilled labour is white.2 In Lundahl's model, some skilled labour is black (and all unskilled labour is black), but his assumption about the interracial composition of skilled labour can easily be incorporated into our m ...
... by Lundahl (1982). We assume that all unskilled labour is black labour, and all skilled labour is white.2 In Lundahl's model, some skilled labour is black (and all unskilled labour is black), but his assumption about the interracial composition of skilled labour can easily be incorporated into our m ...
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... income provides a measure of the average citizen's well-being. Base studies carried on over time will measure changes in per capita income and help to unearth the reasons for such change. Cyclical stability implies that employment and income in a community are not subject to extreme swings over a bu ...
... income provides a measure of the average citizen's well-being. Base studies carried on over time will measure changes in per capita income and help to unearth the reasons for such change. Cyclical stability implies that employment and income in a community are not subject to extreme swings over a bu ...
Macroeconomics 1 Ch VII. Investment and Growth Theories Chapter
... Let's suppose that you are an investor or entrepreneur. You are borrowing money from a bank at the interest rate of i for a year and buy a capital good. You produce outputs from the use of the capital good, and sell it in a year to repay your loan from the bank. Your revenues come from two sources: ...
... Let's suppose that you are an investor or entrepreneur. You are borrowing money from a bank at the interest rate of i for a year and buy a capital good. You produce outputs from the use of the capital good, and sell it in a year to repay your loan from the bank. Your revenues come from two sources: ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Peter N. Ireland Working Paper 16681
... shocks are more important in accounting for US output and employment fluctuations than the neutral technology shocks that appear in standard real business cycle models starting with Kydland and Prescott’s (1982). But, as the bottom panel of figure 1 reveals, the same rapid growth in investment simpl ...
... shocks are more important in accounting for US output and employment fluctuations than the neutral technology shocks that appear in standard real business cycle models starting with Kydland and Prescott’s (1982). But, as the bottom panel of figure 1 reveals, the same rapid growth in investment simpl ...
Some Observations on the Convergence Experience of Turkey Murat ÜNGÖR
... “Once upon a time there was a field called development economicsa branch of economics concerned with explaining why some countries are so much poorer than others, and with prescribing ways for poor countries to become rich.” — Paul Krugman (1997, p. 6) “By the problem of economic development I mean ...
... “Once upon a time there was a field called development economicsa branch of economics concerned with explaining why some countries are so much poorer than others, and with prescribing ways for poor countries to become rich.” — Paul Krugman (1997, p. 6) “By the problem of economic development I mean ...
Analyzing the Debate over Offshore Outsourcing in the Service Industry: Gwyn VanderWeerdt
... lasting 31 days or more. Employers are asked to indicate the number of workers laid off and the reason for the layoff. When comparing the number of mass layoffs because of overseas relocation (or offshore outsourcing) to the total number of mass layoffs, one will see that overseas relocation account ...
... lasting 31 days or more. Employers are asked to indicate the number of workers laid off and the reason for the layoff. When comparing the number of mass layoffs because of overseas relocation (or offshore outsourcing) to the total number of mass layoffs, one will see that overseas relocation account ...
Unit 6 - BCPSS
... stimulate regional cooperation between governments (3.1.3 a) 3. Analyze how the population shifts in and between regions affects the formation and implementation of government policy, such as the relocation or loss of industry and urban flight (3.1.3 b) 4. Analyze the importance of regional characte ...
... stimulate regional cooperation between governments (3.1.3 a) 3. Analyze how the population shifts in and between regions affects the formation and implementation of government policy, such as the relocation or loss of industry and urban flight (3.1.3 b) 4. Analyze the importance of regional characte ...
A Cautionary Tale: The true cost of austerity and inequality
... measures have not led to the expected results, and have harmed both growth and equality.2 European nations are suffering record levels of long-term and youth unemployment, with a generation of young people facing years of joblessness to come. As the real value of average incomes continues to plummet ...
... measures have not led to the expected results, and have harmed both growth and equality.2 European nations are suffering record levels of long-term and youth unemployment, with a generation of young people facing years of joblessness to come. As the real value of average incomes continues to plummet ...
Crisis spillover effects due to strong trade and financial linkages
... GFR, ST debt coverage, in % * For Croatia no available data for GFR in months of prosp. imports indicator, for Montenegro no available data for GFR ST debt coverage indicator. Source: EBRD. ...
... GFR, ST debt coverage, in % * For Croatia no available data for GFR in months of prosp. imports indicator, for Montenegro no available data for GFR ST debt coverage indicator. Source: EBRD. ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).