Bottom-up clustering and top-down shattering of scale
... The party-state network is retreating as a social system from politically monopolized economic, political and social subspheres, while The sub-spheres of a new social system are emerging outside of it Order, speed, conditions of transformation of sub-fields vary according to the distribution of powe ...
... The party-state network is retreating as a social system from politically monopolized economic, political and social subspheres, while The sub-spheres of a new social system are emerging outside of it Order, speed, conditions of transformation of sub-fields vary according to the distribution of powe ...
Chapter 6
... federal budget to attain price stability, relatively full employment, and a satisfactory rate of economic growth To attain these goals, the government must manipulate its spending and taxes ...
... federal budget to attain price stability, relatively full employment, and a satisfactory rate of economic growth To attain these goals, the government must manipulate its spending and taxes ...
Unit 13 Econ Review
... food not just for themselves but in order to sell it to others for cash to meet ...
... food not just for themselves but in order to sell it to others for cash to meet ...
Guidelines - Rwandapedia
... Our goal under rural development is to reduce poverty from 45% to less than 30% over the next five years ...
... Our goal under rural development is to reduce poverty from 45% to less than 30% over the next five years ...
THE ECONOMICS OF CORRUPTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Ramchandra Akkihal
... In the long run, therefore, despite the opening-up of the formal sector to members of both groups of people, the allocative inefficiency present in the short run may not be eliminated--or even reduced. Indeed, the extent of inefficiency could rise, given the adverse selection problem discussed above ...
... In the long run, therefore, despite the opening-up of the formal sector to members of both groups of people, the allocative inefficiency present in the short run may not be eliminated--or even reduced. Indeed, the extent of inefficiency could rise, given the adverse selection problem discussed above ...
Lecture 1 - UTA Economics
... Growth depends on technology, the amount of capital available, and the productivity of labor. Aggregate production function: Q = Af(K,L) where Q = output A = technology f = a function that relates output to inputs of capital and labor K = capital resources (including land and entrepreneurship) L = l ...
... Growth depends on technology, the amount of capital available, and the productivity of labor. Aggregate production function: Q = Af(K,L) where Q = output A = technology f = a function that relates output to inputs of capital and labor K = capital resources (including land and entrepreneurship) L = l ...
Chapter 10 Economic Performance
... public expectations about the future changes in the world’s economy or political climate ...
... public expectations about the future changes in the world’s economy or political climate ...
Greece after the 1990s immigration wave
... – Progressive outlook when confronted with EU – Yet unclear whether much is done to counter ‘street level’ discrimination by the State machinery ...
... – Progressive outlook when confronted with EU – Yet unclear whether much is done to counter ‘street level’ discrimination by the State machinery ...
Lyberaki_Seminar_2006
... – Progressive outlook when confronted with EU – Yet unclear whether much is done to counter ‘street level’ discrimination by the State machinery ...
... – Progressive outlook when confronted with EU – Yet unclear whether much is done to counter ‘street level’ discrimination by the State machinery ...
Chap010
... • Macro policy tries to control the business cycle. • We’ll see why President Obama was determined to keep the 2008-09 recession from turning into another depression. LO-1 ...
... • Macro policy tries to control the business cycle. • We’ll see why President Obama was determined to keep the 2008-09 recession from turning into another depression. LO-1 ...
PDF, ca. 100 KB
... The expansion of the world economy will continue to be lively in the forecast period but will flatten somewhat. The increase in GDP in the United States will gain in speed after a temporary slowing. In the course of the forecast period, growth rates will rise to slightly above the potential growth p ...
... The expansion of the world economy will continue to be lively in the forecast period but will flatten somewhat. The increase in GDP in the United States will gain in speed after a temporary slowing. In the course of the forecast period, growth rates will rise to slightly above the potential growth p ...
Guyana_en.pdf
... and contributed 4% of GDP, reflecting the growing strength of the domestic economy. Considerable investment during 2010 stimulated growth in the information and communications services, while transportation and storage and government services such as education, health and social services also turned ...
... and contributed 4% of GDP, reflecting the growing strength of the domestic economy. Considerable investment during 2010 stimulated growth in the information and communications services, while transportation and storage and government services such as education, health and social services also turned ...
free market
... company's goods or services in a designated territory. In return for a specified fee and usually a share of the profits, the franchisor provides the product, the name, and sometimes the physical plant and the advertising. One well-known example of a franchised business is McDonald's, the fast-food r ...
... company's goods or services in a designated territory. In return for a specified fee and usually a share of the profits, the franchisor provides the product, the name, and sometimes the physical plant and the advertising. One well-known example of a franchised business is McDonald's, the fast-food r ...
UK Households - Economics Today
... • The UK’s saving ratio rose sharply in 2008-2009, because during a recession the proportion of household income saved normally rises as more is saved for precautionary reasons. • But the savings ratio dramatically fell back again, decreasing to just 3.2 by the end of 2010. ...
... • The UK’s saving ratio rose sharply in 2008-2009, because during a recession the proportion of household income saved normally rises as more is saved for precautionary reasons. • But the savings ratio dramatically fell back again, decreasing to just 3.2 by the end of 2010. ...
Macroeconomics: The Circular Flow of Spending
... (Look at the diagram on slide 3) 4. What part of the GDP expenditure equation would we need to examine to determine if a country had a trade deficit? 5. If GDP can be determined by adding the total expenditures generated by the four economic sectors, is there another way to calculate GDP? ...
... (Look at the diagram on slide 3) 4. What part of the GDP expenditure equation would we need to examine to determine if a country had a trade deficit? 5. If GDP can be determined by adding the total expenditures generated by the four economic sectors, is there another way to calculate GDP? ...
Treasury - Government Economic Network
... We used what we heard to support us in broadening our strategic economic story to have a wider focus on a prosperous and inclusive New Zealand that is well prepared for the future. ...
... We used what we heard to support us in broadening our strategic economic story to have a wider focus on a prosperous and inclusive New Zealand that is well prepared for the future. ...
02. economic systems - Development of e
... It is neither pure capitalism nor pure socialism but a mixture of the two. In this system, we find the characteristics of both capitalism and socialism. Both private enterprises and public enterprises operate mixed economy. The government intervenes to regulate private enterprises in several ways. ...
... It is neither pure capitalism nor pure socialism but a mixture of the two. In this system, we find the characteristics of both capitalism and socialism. Both private enterprises and public enterprises operate mixed economy. The government intervenes to regulate private enterprises in several ways. ...
Economics Homework Due Monday 29 August 2016 (3
... The article states: China is beginning to reach the limits of growth without reform. In a response of about 400 words, explain 3 major economic reforms China needs to implement in the future. Appropriate research required. 3 different sources. ...
... The article states: China is beginning to reach the limits of growth without reform. In a response of about 400 words, explain 3 major economic reforms China needs to implement in the future. Appropriate research required. 3 different sources. ...
powerpoint file
... – It addresses the nature of and causes of the business cycle: waves of output growth and job creation, followed by periods of output contraction and rising unemployment. – It deals with broad issues like ...
... – It addresses the nature of and causes of the business cycle: waves of output growth and job creation, followed by periods of output contraction and rising unemployment. – It deals with broad issues like ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).