Economics - Fort Bend ISD
... behavior and decision making of entire economies. • A business cycle is a period of a macroeconomic expansion followed by a period of contraction. • One measure of a nation’s macro economy is gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the total value of all final goods and services produced in a particula ...
... behavior and decision making of entire economies. • A business cycle is a period of a macroeconomic expansion followed by a period of contraction. • One measure of a nation’s macro economy is gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the total value of all final goods and services produced in a particula ...
Slide 1
... Unemployment refers to those of working age who are currently not working and not in full time education ...
... Unemployment refers to those of working age who are currently not working and not in full time education ...
Capitalism will always have dramas. It is governments that turn them
... were little cheaper than water power. By 1850 the real cost of steam power had fallen by only 50% from its level in 1790. The building of the railways reduced freight rates across America by 40% in real terms between 1870 and 1913, an annual decline of only 3%. The introduction of the telegraph huge ...
... were little cheaper than water power. By 1850 the real cost of steam power had fallen by only 50% from its level in 1790. The building of the railways reduced freight rates across America by 40% in real terms between 1870 and 1913, an annual decline of only 3%. The introduction of the telegraph huge ...
Productivity
... Economists and others have become worried about the slow down in productivity in the United States. ...
... Economists and others have become worried about the slow down in productivity in the United States. ...
KEY FACTS * Papua New Guinea
... Medium to Long Term Prospects • The PNG economy will continue to grow in real terms but at a lower pace (2% to 3%). Inflation projected to be in the range of 6 to 7%. • Clear and direct focus by Govt on developing rural areas, infrastructure, education, health, agriculture, tourism & SME is the rig ...
... Medium to Long Term Prospects • The PNG economy will continue to grow in real terms but at a lower pace (2% to 3%). Inflation projected to be in the range of 6 to 7%. • Clear and direct focus by Govt on developing rural areas, infrastructure, education, health, agriculture, tourism & SME is the rig ...
FedViews
... CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll in September, more than 70% of those surveyed thought the U.S. economy was still in a recession. ...
... CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll in September, more than 70% of those surveyed thought the U.S. economy was still in a recession. ...
Economics 157b Economic History, Policy, and Theory Short
... • A critical point is that the total behaves differently from simple adding up of the parts – Think of revolutions – or bank runs – or avalanches See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0RWLxOFGLY ...
... • A critical point is that the total behaves differently from simple adding up of the parts – Think of revolutions – or bank runs – or avalanches See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0RWLxOFGLY ...
Mexico_en.pdf
... total exports fell by 28.7% between January and September while that of imports dropped by 29.6%. Imports of consumer goods contracted the most (36.8%), followed by capital goods and intermediate goods, owing to the sharp drop in exports and the reduction in private consumption. In addition, the dwi ...
... total exports fell by 28.7% between January and September while that of imports dropped by 29.6%. Imports of consumer goods contracted the most (36.8%), followed by capital goods and intermediate goods, owing to the sharp drop in exports and the reduction in private consumption. In addition, the dwi ...
... prices and natural gas curtailments. Lower oil prices have hit the real, fiscal and external sectors of the economy. Reduced fiscal revenues drove up the government deficit from 2.5% in the 2014 fiscal year to 4.2% of GDP in the 2015 fiscal year. As foreign exchange inflows declined, the central ban ...
Read the lecture
... social, political, economic. Economists often distinguish between “growth” and “development”. The former refers to the production of goods and services exchanged in markets, which is an ingredient, and an important one, in economic and social well-being. It needs to be considered, however, together ...
... social, political, economic. Economists often distinguish between “growth” and “development”. The former refers to the production of goods and services exchanged in markets, which is an ingredient, and an important one, in economic and social well-being. It needs to be considered, however, together ...
70_recovery
... But is focusing on trade balances missing a more important lesson offered by the crisis? ILO’s Torres thinks so. “There is a need to think about alternatives to export-led growth, and to address the increasingly important issue of income inequality,” he says, pointing to the increasingly unequal dis ...
... But is focusing on trade balances missing a more important lesson offered by the crisis? ILO’s Torres thinks so. “There is a need to think about alternatives to export-led growth, and to address the increasingly important issue of income inequality,” he says, pointing to the increasingly unequal dis ...
how to produce
... A large part of China’s GDP comes from a highly developed, industrial systems much like many other developed countries. Many Chinese people today have small businesses of their own even though the Chinese government still has final authority. ...
... A large part of China’s GDP comes from a highly developed, industrial systems much like many other developed countries. Many Chinese people today have small businesses of their own even though the Chinese government still has final authority. ...
slashed
... The higher income that resulted from the suddenly increased sales SLASHED the company's deficit by half. The economy STAGNATED for five years. The GDP growth was around 1% and there was a high unemployment. ...
... The higher income that resulted from the suddenly increased sales SLASHED the company's deficit by half. The economy STAGNATED for five years. The GDP growth was around 1% and there was a high unemployment. ...
Document
... • Gross domestic expenditure • GFS • General government • Public corporations • All institutions must fit in somewhere in the four macroeconomic accounts ...
... • Gross domestic expenditure • GFS • General government • Public corporations • All institutions must fit in somewhere in the four macroeconomic accounts ...
46 The business cycle - Cambridge University Press
... When the economy is booming – growing fast – commentators start to talk about the risks or signs of overheating, with key indicators getting out of control, and a loss of economic stability. They talk about the need for a soft landing, with the government aiming to bring economic activity back to mo ...
... When the economy is booming – growing fast – commentators start to talk about the risks or signs of overheating, with key indicators getting out of control, and a loss of economic stability. They talk about the need for a soft landing, with the government aiming to bring economic activity back to mo ...
PDF Download
... saving of the household and government sectors and keep long-term interest rates at present levels. Indeed, without some increase in household and government saving in the coming years, changing corporate behaviour will likely start to put upward pressure on interest rates and could exacerbate the c ...
... saving of the household and government sectors and keep long-term interest rates at present levels. Indeed, without some increase in household and government saving in the coming years, changing corporate behaviour will likely start to put upward pressure on interest rates and could exacerbate the c ...
The Business Cycle
... No. In fact, a burger is, compared with other consumer goods, a better bargain than it was in 1954. Burger prices have risen about 400%, from $0.15 to about $0.75, over the last half century. But the overall consumer price index has increased more than 600%. If McDonald’s had matched the overall pri ...
... No. In fact, a burger is, compared with other consumer goods, a better bargain than it was in 1954. Burger prices have risen about 400%, from $0.15 to about $0.75, over the last half century. But the overall consumer price index has increased more than 600%. If McDonald’s had matched the overall pri ...
Guatemala_en.pdf
... operations and depressed growth in loans offered by the commercial banks. The real rise of credit to the private sector is expected to fall to 4% compared to the 16% posted in 2007. In 2008, real interest rates on loans and deposits averaged 2% and -6%, respectively. Although in the first quarter th ...
... operations and depressed growth in loans offered by the commercial banks. The real rise of credit to the private sector is expected to fall to 4% compared to the 16% posted in 2007. In 2008, real interest rates on loans and deposits averaged 2% and -6%, respectively. Although in the first quarter th ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).