A Level Economics Mark Scheme Unit 2 JAN 2012
... relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the student ...
... relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the student ...
Can Government Really Stabilize the Economy?
... According to supply-side economists, what causes aggregate supply to increase in Exhibit 13? • Combined with lower tax rates and less government regulation, lower government spending shifts the AS curve outward, reducing prices and increasing output. Gottheil - Principles of Economics, 4e © 2005 Tho ...
... According to supply-side economists, what causes aggregate supply to increase in Exhibit 13? • Combined with lower tax rates and less government regulation, lower government spending shifts the AS curve outward, reducing prices and increasing output. Gottheil - Principles of Economics, 4e © 2005 Tho ...
Localization Barriers to Trade: Threat to the Global Innovation
... production and/or intellectual property to the nation putting in place the policies. 2. “Indigenous innovation”: These policies provide preferential treatment of domestic enterprises at the expense of foreign ones. 3. “General mercantilism”: These policies seek to boost production by increasing expo ...
... production and/or intellectual property to the nation putting in place the policies. 2. “Indigenous innovation”: These policies provide preferential treatment of domestic enterprises at the expense of foreign ones. 3. “General mercantilism”: These policies seek to boost production by increasing expo ...
PDF
... flows amongst these countries are limited (Eurostat, 2009). Looking at manufactures, the EU does not impose tariffs on manufacturing products from NAF countries. NAF countries, however, implement tariffs on manufacturing products from the EU. All three NAF countries under review impose tariffs on EU ...
... flows amongst these countries are limited (Eurostat, 2009). Looking at manufactures, the EU does not impose tariffs on manufacturing products from NAF countries. NAF countries, however, implement tariffs on manufacturing products from the EU. All three NAF countries under review impose tariffs on EU ...
Regional Specialization and Geographic Concentration of
... preliminarily intuitive finding, namely that “if inequalities tend to increase down the columns, so they should also increase along the rows” (p. 7). Although the bulk of the literature on specialization and concentration implicitly or explicitly treated these two phenomena as interrelated, there ar ...
... preliminarily intuitive finding, namely that “if inequalities tend to increase down the columns, so they should also increase along the rows” (p. 7). Although the bulk of the literature on specialization and concentration implicitly or explicitly treated these two phenomena as interrelated, there ar ...
Shifting to a Green Economy - Stockholm Environment Institute
... reach them. Moreover, the recent New Climate Economy report argues that the costs of a low-carbon transition are likely to be modest at best, and offer benefits in the near term that often exceed the costs (Global Commission on the Economy and Climate 2014). This raises the question of why these opp ...
... reach them. Moreover, the recent New Climate Economy report argues that the costs of a low-carbon transition are likely to be modest at best, and offer benefits in the near term that often exceed the costs (Global Commission on the Economy and Climate 2014). This raises the question of why these opp ...
EY ITEM Club Special Report on Business Investment
... Spending by firms has punched well above its weight in driving the recovery Following a sharp decline during the financial crisis, business investment has performed relatively strongly since the economy emerged from recession at the end of 2009. In real terms, investment by firms dropped by almost 2 ...
... Spending by firms has punched well above its weight in driving the recovery Following a sharp decline during the financial crisis, business investment has performed relatively strongly since the economy emerged from recession at the end of 2009. In real terms, investment by firms dropped by almost 2 ...
Export-oriented Manufacturing Industry in Madagascar: Roles in
... Zones (EPZs henceforth). The first EPZ was established in Ireland in 1959, according to the World Bank (1992). Number of countries setting up EPZs soared from 25 countries in 1975 to 73 in 1996 and 116 in 2002. In Madagascar the EPZs system was introduced in 1990, while in 1965 in Mexico, in 1966 in ...
... Zones (EPZs henceforth). The first EPZ was established in Ireland in 1959, according to the World Bank (1992). Number of countries setting up EPZs soared from 25 countries in 1975 to 73 in 1996 and 116 in 2002. In Madagascar the EPZs system was introduced in 1990, while in 1965 in Mexico, in 1966 in ...
Government report - World Trade Organization
... Annual average inflation in 2002 stood at 14.9 per cent and fell to 9.6 per cent in 2003. It subsequently rose to 11.4 and 15.5 per cent in 2004 and 2005 respectively. This was predominantly due to the poor performance registered in the agricultural sector during this period, in view of the fact tha ...
... Annual average inflation in 2002 stood at 14.9 per cent and fell to 9.6 per cent in 2003. It subsequently rose to 11.4 and 15.5 per cent in 2004 and 2005 respectively. This was predominantly due to the poor performance registered in the agricultural sector during this period, in view of the fact tha ...
Privatisation Methods and Economic Growth in Transition Economies
... also generate more government revenue than others. Greater revenue will tend to raise a government’s ability to spend on infrastructure, with a potential positive feedback on aggregate productivity (Aghion and Schankerman, 1999). Finally, if economic growth is positively associated with capital mark ...
... also generate more government revenue than others. Greater revenue will tend to raise a government’s ability to spend on infrastructure, with a potential positive feedback on aggregate productivity (Aghion and Schankerman, 1999). Finally, if economic growth is positively associated with capital mark ...
Ch 5: Economic Growth, Business Cycles
... annual rate of 4 percent over the last 130 years, but most recently it has been growing at about 2.5 -3.5 percent per year. ...
... annual rate of 4 percent over the last 130 years, but most recently it has been growing at about 2.5 -3.5 percent per year. ...
CIPS Corporate Award
... “MCIPS” – the designatory letters awarded to a purchasing practitioner who achieves a recognised level of P&SM knowledge, understanding and experience “FCIPS” – the designatory letters awarded to a purchasing practitioner who has both demonstrated a significant contribution to, and achieved a re ...
... “MCIPS” – the designatory letters awarded to a purchasing practitioner who achieves a recognised level of P&SM knowledge, understanding and experience “FCIPS” – the designatory letters awarded to a purchasing practitioner who has both demonstrated a significant contribution to, and achieved a re ...
Identifying and characterizing the business cycle: the case of Morocco
... growth cycles) during the period 1970-2002 and compare the Tunisian business cycle with the US and the Euro-zone business cycles. Urasawa (2007) has established the robust stylized facts for recent Japanese business cycle fluctuations, by examining the cyclical component of macroeconomic time series ...
... growth cycles) during the period 1970-2002 and compare the Tunisian business cycle with the US and the Euro-zone business cycles. Urasawa (2007) has established the robust stylized facts for recent Japanese business cycle fluctuations, by examining the cyclical component of macroeconomic time series ...
KOREA`S CAPITAL INVESTMENT:
... The allocation of resources to wealth-enhancing uses can be accomplished with varying degrees of efficiency. The chief means for assessing the efficiency of investment is the rate of return on capital. Rates of return below the cost of capital indicate that resources are being wasted. Returns below ...
... The allocation of resources to wealth-enhancing uses can be accomplished with varying degrees of efficiency. The chief means for assessing the efficiency of investment is the rate of return on capital. Rates of return below the cost of capital indicate that resources are being wasted. Returns below ...
Markscheme
... continent, so that comments on the potential impact on the UK economy and its living standards are only pertinent to individual economies; stark contrasts between various parts of Africa are likely to persist the possibility of complementarity, eg African expansion of secondary activities requiring ...
... continent, so that comments on the potential impact on the UK economy and its living standards are only pertinent to individual economies; stark contrasts between various parts of Africa are likely to persist the possibility of complementarity, eg African expansion of secondary activities requiring ...
The Product Side: Some Theoretical Aspects
... but not in New York; or the consumption of foods, most of whose utility is contributed by nature without cost in one situation but obtained only at the cost of human effort in the other. If, on the other hand, the comparison has to do with the relative flow of economic activity in the two situations ...
... but not in New York; or the consumption of foods, most of whose utility is contributed by nature without cost in one situation but obtained only at the cost of human effort in the other. If, on the other hand, the comparison has to do with the relative flow of economic activity in the two situations ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).